1. Understanding Internet by Understanding Google Internet Search Techniques Zakir Hossain http://works.bepress.com/zakir_hossain/

2. Internet Search Techniques How to Search Online Resources

3. What is Internet? Simply the internet is a global network of interconnected networks. Introduction What is WWW? The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the Web), is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. (Wikipedia)systemhypertextInternet

4. Is Web and Internet the Same? The Internet is not synonymous with World Wide Web. The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet.World Wide Web What is http? Hypertext Transfer (or Transport) Protocol, the data transfer protocol used on the World Wide Web.

5. Search Engine A web search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web/www. The information may be a specialist in web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories.World Wide Webweb pages mine datadatabasesopen directories

6. Keyword Search Engines You know what you're looking for, and can describe it with some keywords or phrases. Google (www.google.com)(hybrid)www.google.com Yahoo (www.yahoo.com) (hybrid)www.yahoo.com Bing (www.bing.com) WebNocular (www.webnocular.com) Slikk (www.slikk.com), etc. Index or Directory based search engines These search engines arrange data in hierarchies from broad to narrow. Good if you need an overview of a subject or you're not entirely sure of what you want. For example- Yahoo Directory (www.yahoo.com)www.yahoo.com Open Directory (www.dmoz.org)www.dmoz.org Meta/ Multi Search Engines Meta search engines take the results from all the other search engines results, and combine them into one large listing. Examples of Meta search engines include: Metacrawler (www.metacrawler.com)www.metacrawler.com Dogpile (www.dogpile.com)www.dogpile.com Forelook (http://www.forelook.com) for Google, Bing, Delicious, Flickr, YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Wolfram, etc.http://www.forelook.com Types of Search Engines

7. This Presentation will let you know- 1.What is Google? 2.What Services does Google have? 3.How Google works? 4.Google Web Search Basics 5.Tips for Searching the Web 6.Special Syntax to get specific information 7.Advanced Search 8.Google Scholar 9.Setting Preferences 10.Google Search Re sults 11.Google Search Results 12.How to find the authenticity of information? 13.How to find the authenticity of websites?

8. 1. What is Google? Google: Google is an American multinational corporation which provides Internet-related products and services, including internet search, cloud computing, software and advertising technologies. The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while both attended Stanford University.multinationalinternet searchcloud computingsoftwareadvertisingLarry PageSergey Brin Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.

9. Facts about Google  Google is a full-text search engine, which uses computerized "spiders" to index millions, sometimes billions, of pages, allowing for much narrower searches than searchable subject index, which searches only the titles and descriptions of sites, and doesn't search individual pages  Google is case-insensitive. If you search for Three, tHRee, THREE, or even THREE, you get the same results.  Singular is different from plural. Searches for apple and apples turn up different pages  The order of words matters. Google considers the first word most important, the second word next, and so on  Google ignores most little words, including "I," "where," "how," "the," "of," "an," "for," "from," "how," 'it," "in," and "is,“. Google ignores most punctuation, except apostrophes, hyphens, and quote marks  Google returns pages that match your search terms exactly  Google search word limit is 32

10. Google’s Philosophy 1.Focus on the user and all else will follow 2.It’s best to do one thing really, really well. 3.Fast is better than slow. 4.Democracy on the web works. 5.You don’t need to be at your desk to need an answer. 6.You can make money without doing evil. 7.There’s always more information out there. 8.The need for information crosses all borders. 9.You can be serious without a suit. 10.Great just isn’t good enough. http://www.google.com/about/company/philosophy/

11. 2. What Products and Services does Google have?  Google Alerts - http://www.google.com/alerts -http://www.google.com/alerts  Google News Search – http://news.google.com/http://news.google.com/  Google Blog Search - http://blogsearch.google.com/http://blogsearch.google.com/  Google Book Search - http://books.google.com/http://books.google.com/  Google Image Search - http://images.google.com/http://images.google.com/  Google Maps Search - http://maps.google.com/http://maps.google.com/  Google Product Search http://www.google.com/productshttp://www.google.com/products  Google Scholar Search - http://scholar.google.comhttp://scholar.google.com Google Group Search - http://groups.google.comhttp://groups.google.com Google Video Search - http://video.google.com/http://video.google.com/  Google Mobile - http://www.google.com/mobile/http://www.google.com/mobile/  Google Earth - http://earth.google.com/http://earth.google.com/  Google Finance - http://finance.google.com/http://finance.google.com/  Google Blog - http://www.blogger.comhttp://www.blogger.com  Google Photo - http://picasaweb.google.comhttp://picasaweb.google.com  Google Language Tools http://www.google.com/language_toolshttp://www.google.com/language_tools Google Pack - http://pack.google.comhttp://pack.google.com Google Gmail - http://gmail.google.comhttp://gmail.google.com Google Alerts www.google.com/alertswww.google.com/alerts Google Labs - http://labs.google.com/ etc.http://labs.google.com/

12. 3. How Google Works?  Google runs on a distributed network of thousands of computers and can therefore carry out fast parallel processing. Google has three distinct parts  Googlebot, Google’s Web Crawler  Googlebot is Google’s web crawling robot, which finds and retrieves pages on the web and hands them off to the Google indexer  Google Indexer  This index is sorted alphabetically by search term, with each index entry storing a list of documents in which the term appears and the location within the text where it occurs  Google Query’s Processor  The query processor has several parts, including the user interface (search box), the “engine” that evaluates queries and matches them to relevant documents, and the results formatter

13. How Google Works?

14. 4. Google Web Search Basics 1.Basic Boolean Search  Google's Boolean default is AND, which means that if you enter query words without modifiers, Google will search for all your query words. Like- Search Technique= Search AND Technique.  If you prefer to specify that any one word or phrase is acceptable, put an OR (in capital letter), lower case or won’t work correctly. For example: enter Yahoo OR Google.  A computer programming character | can work like OR (e.g. Yahoo | Google)  If you want to search for a particular term along with two or more other terms, group the other terms within parentheses, like so “search techniques” (Yahoo OR Google)  AND Operator retrieves records in which BOTH of the search terms are present

15. 3.Negation  If you want to specify that a query item must not appear in your results, prepend a (minus sign or dash): “search techniques” –Google. This will search the pages that contain “search techniques”, but not the word Google  Note that the symbol must appear directly before the word or phrase that you don't want. If there's space between, as in the following query, it won't work as expected “search techniques” – Google 4. Explicit Inclusion  Google will search for all the keywords and phrases that you specify, however, there are certain words that Google will ignore because they are considered too common to be of any use in the search (e.g. “a”, “the”, “of”, etc.)  You can force Google to take a stop word into account by pre-pending a + (plus) character, as in +the “search techniques”. Google Web Search Basics 2. Phrase Searches  If you want Google to find you matches where the keywords appear together as a phrase, surround them with quotes, like this “search techniques”

16. Google Web Search Basics 5.Synonyms  The Google synonym operator, the ~ (tilde) character, Searching for: ~ape turns up results for monkey, gorilla, chimpanzee, and others (both singular and plural forms) of the ape or related family, as if you'd searched for: monkey gorilla chimpanzee (Synonyms are bolded along with exact keyword matches on the results page, so they're easy to spot) 6.Number Range  The number range operator,.. (two periods), looks for results that fall inside your specified numeric range (e.g. digital camera 3..5 megapixel $800..$1000)  You can also use the number range syntax with just one number, making it the minimum or maximum of your query (e.g. digital camera..5 megapixel $800..)  Conversion: degree to Fahrenheit, ft-inch, mile to km & currency etc.

17. 7.Simple Searching and Feeling Lucky  The I'm Feeling Lucky™ button is a thing of beauty. Rather than giving you a list of search results from which to choose, you're whisked away to what Google believes is the most relevant page given your search (i.e., the first result in the list). Entering Washington post and clicking the I'm Feeling Lucky button takes you directly to http://www.washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com 8.Searching Within Your Results  Help you narrow down your results to find the really relevant pages within your results pages only.  Click Search within results link at the bottom of every results page. It will shows below and you can enter another keyword Google Web Search Basics

18. 1. Be Natural: Type in what you want to know, rather than a list of synonyms. Websites are written in flowing language, and search engines are being taught to understand the same. 2. Use Rare Words : The more unusual or uncommon the keywords you use are, the more specific the results will be. Taking a moment to think of a valid yet uncommon word is a valuable technique. Like- alcohol and Vodka. 3. Most Important Word First: From personal experience with Google, I have found putting the word that is most important to your search in first, gets slightly better results.Google 4. Reverse Questions: Search engines look for pieces of text that match your query. Web pages are more likely to contain answers than questions - so search for the answer. Phrase your query how you would expect the answer to read - the difference appears slight, but it makes a huge difference. Say- "IRS stands for" rather than "What does IRS stand for?" "sky is blue because" instead of "Why is the sky blue?" 5. Tips for Searching the Web

19. Tips for Searching the Web 5. Dead Link Solutions: Try shortening the URL to the next subheading. Keep doing so until you get to the point that works. Then browse from there to see if you can track down the file that you want. Example- If http://www.spock.com/jim/life/not_as_we_know_it.html returns an error, Try http://www.spock.com/jim/life/ and if you still get an error, Try http://www.spock.com/jim/ and so on down to the root domain http://www.spock.com

20. 6. Special Syntax to get specific information  site: allows you to narrow your search by a site or by a top-level domain site:edu  In url: restricts your search to the URLs of web pages. This syntax usually works well for finding search and help pages because they tend to be regular in composition. An allinurl: variation finds all the words listed in a URL inurl:help  the "intitle:" operator as in [intitle:mars] only returns results that include your search term in the document's title.intitle:mars  link: returns a list of pages that link to the specified URL. Enter link:www.google.com and you'll get a list of pages that link to the Google home page, http://www.google.com (not anywhere in the google.com domain)http://www.google.com  cache: finds a copy of the page that Google indexed even if that page is no longer available at its original URL or has since changed its content completely

21. Special Syntax to get specific information  File type: searches the suffixes or filename extensions "leading economic indicators" filet type:ppt  related:, as you might expect, finds pages that are related to the specified page. This is a good way to find categories of pages; a search for related: google.com returns a variety of search engines, including Lycos, Yahoo!, and Northern Light info:www.nytimes.com/technology  phonebook:, as you might expect, looks up phone numbers phonebook:(510) 555-1212 or phonebook:  define: gives you a page full of definitions of a word from around the Web  movie: syntax to find reviews of movies on the Web  music: explicitly searches for music-related information http://www.google.com/options/specialsearches.html

22. 7. Advanced Search

23. Advanced Search Advanced Search brings to you everything which you can search using keyword such as file type, in url, in title etc.

24. Google translation Google Translate is a free statistical multilingual machine-translation service provided by Google Inc. to translate written text from one language into another. It accepts voice input for 15 languages and allows translation of a word or phrase into one of more than 50 languages. Translations can be spoken out loud in 23 different languages.freestatisticalmachine-translationGoogle Inc. How to translate teaching materials from one langue to another?

25. Google Book Search Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search and Google Print) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition, and stored in its digital database. As of March 2012, the number of scanned books was over 20 million, but the scanning process has slowed down. [13] Google estimated in 2010 that there were about 130 million unique books in the world, [14][15] and stated that it intended to scan all of them by the end of the decade.Google Inc.optical character recognition [13] [14][15]

26. Google Video Search (YouTube) How to find video cliffs for teaching or learning? YouTube is a video-sharing website, created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005, on which users can upload, view and share videos.video-sharingPayPal

27. Google Image Search Tips You can identify an image using Google search by using the "Search by Image" feature. Visit images.google.com, or any Images results page, and click the camera icon in the search box. Enter an image URL for an image hosted on the web or upload an image from your computer. You can also learn more about Search by Image here.here Search by Image is supported on these browsers: Chrome, Firefox 3.0+, Internet Explorer 8+, and Safari 5.0+. To Search by Image on an Android device, use an app like Google Goggles to take a photo of an object or image. Search by Image is not currently supported on tablet browsers. Use SafeSearch The Web is full of inappropriate graphics, and although Google Image Search does not index pornographic sites, inappropriate pictures still might show up inadvertently on some searches. Use the SafeSearch feature to filter out inappropriate pictures. You can choose No filtering, Use moderate filtering, or Use strict filtering

28. Advanced Image Search Advance Image Search

29. What is Google Scholar? Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites. Google Scholar helps you find relevant work across the world of scholarly research. 8. Google Scholar and its Features

30. Author search Author search is one of the most effective ways to find a specific paper. If you know who wrote the paper you're looking for, you can simply add their last name to your search terms. For Example- [author:flowers] returns papers written by people with the name Flowers, whereas [flowers -author:flowers] returns papers about flowers, and ignores papers written by people with the name Flowers (a minus in front of a search term excludes results that contain this search term).author:flowersflowers -author:flowers You may use the operator with an author's full name in quotes to further refine your search. Try to use initials rather than full first names, because some sources indexed in Google Scholar only provide the initials. For Example- To find papers by Donald E. Knuth, you could try [author:"d knuth"], [author:"de knuth"], or [author:"donald e knuth"].author:"d knuth"author:"de knuth"]author:"donald e knuth" Date restrict Date-restricted searches can be effective when you're looking for the latest developments in a given area. The dropdown menu labeled anytime, which is available on all search results pages, allows you to limit the search to commonly used recent periods. The Advanced Scholar Search page allows you to restrict your search to other periods.Advanced Scholar Search page Advanced Scholar Search Tips

31. Find an interesting abstract or citation that you wish you could read? In many cases you may have access to the complete document through your library -- and Google Scholar can show you when you do. Google works with libraries to determine which journals and papers they've subscribed to electronically, and then links to articles from those sources when they're available. Once you tell us what library you're a member of, we'll keep an eye out for that library's subscription materials and provide special links to them in your search results. Google Scholar Library Links

32. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar added the option to get email alerts when new articles related to your interests are published. Gmail: import contacts, Create Group ect. Google Scholar Email Alerts

33. Google Scholar Citations Google Scholar Citations provides a simple way for authors to keep track of citations to their articles. You can check who is citing your publications, graph citations over time, and compute several citation metrics. You can also make your profile public, so that it may appear in Google Scholar results when people search for your name, e.g., richard feynman.richard feynman

34. 9. Setting Preferences

35. 10. Google Search Results  Google Logo: Click on the Google logo to go to Google’s home page.  Statistics Bar: Describes your search, includes the number of results on the current results page and an estimate of the total number of results, as well as the time your search took. For the sake of efficiency, Google just estimates the number of results  Dictionary Definition: Every underlined term in the statistics bar is linked to its dictionary definition. Queries that are linked to just one definition are followed by a definition link.  Search Results: Ordered by relevance to your query, with the result that Google considers the most relevant listed first. Consequently you are likely to find what you’re seeking quickly by looking at the results in the order in which they appear. Google assesses relevance by considering over a hundred factors, including how many other pages link to the page, the positions of the search terms within the page, and the proximity of the search terms to one another

36. Google Search Results  You will see these buttons if you’re currently logged in with Gmail account  Promote button: Promote a website to higher order  Remove button: Remove a website from search results  Comment button: Comment for a website  Page Title: (blue) The web page’s title, if the page has one, or its URL if the page has no title or if Google has not indexed all of the page’s content.  Snippets: (black) Each search result usually includes one or more short excerpts of the text that matches your query with your search terms in boldface type. Each distinct excerpt or snippet is separated by an ellipsis (…)  URL of Result: (green) Web address of the search result  Size: (green) The size of the text portion of the web page. It is omitted for sites not yet indexed. In the screen shot, “12k” means that the text portion of the web page is 12 kilobytes

37. Google Search Results  Date: (green) Sometimes the date Google crawled a page appears just after the size of the page. The date tells you the freshness of Google’s copy of the page. Dates are included for pages that have recently had a fresh crawl.  Indented Result: When Google finds multiple results from the same website, it lists the most relevant result first with the second most relevant page from that same site indented below it.  More Results: When there are more than two results from the same site, access the remaining results from the “More results from…” link.  Catch pages: Google takes a snapshot of each page it examines and caches (stores) that version as a back-up. The cached version is what Google uses to judge if a page is a good match for your query. Practically every search result includes a Cached link. Clicking on that link takes you to the Google cached version of that web page, instead of the current version of the page. This is useful if the original page is unavailable.

38. Google Search Results  Similar pages: results similar to current Google search result.  Spelling corrections and suggestions: Google automatically checks whether you are using the most common spelling of each word in your query.  Translation: provides a translation link and language tools to enable you to read pages written in unfamil.iar languages

39. Google Search Results  File type conversion: If you can’t view the page in the native format — for instance, if you don’t have Adobe Acrobat on your computer, or if you want faster access to the file — click on either the “View as HTML” or “View as Text” link

40. 11. How to find the authenticity of information? Search Tips: Verify the credibility of information you find on the web. Avoid confirmation bias when conducting searches. To verify the source of a piece of information, use the precise information you have. To confirm a fact, use a generic description for what you seek. Example: [average length octopus] will give you information about how long an octopus is. [18 inch long octopus] will give you sources with examples of octopuses of that length.

41. Use a query containing WHOIS to identify the owner of a particular website. If you see a second company listed as a contact on the WHOIS page, then a relationship exists between the two companies; you can then do another search to determine that relationship. Example: [whois] finds WHOIS registries you can use. Find the search box for the registry, and enter [zagat.com]. See that Google is the registrant. Search for [google zagat], which leads to the information that Google acquired Zagat. The US Chamber of Commerce operates the WHOIS search available at http://www.internic.net/whois.html; alternative WHOIS registries also exist. If you don’t know a company's website, you can search for the company’s name in Google and locate the web address. There is on parameter to justify the authenticity of websites. However these might be the part of bona-fide websites links..org.edu.gov.mil.au/.ca/.my/.bd/.vn etc http://www.whois.com/ 12. How to find the authenticity of websites?

42. “Google Can Bring You Back 100,000 Answers, A Librarian Can Back You The Right One” -Neil Gaiman We may be the only people in the world who can say our goal is to have people leave our website as quickly as possible- Google THANK YOU This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License