1. This courseware is copyrighted © 2016 gtslearning. No part of this courseware or any training material supplied by gtslearning International Limited to accompany the courseware may be copied, photocopied, reproduced, or re-used in any form or by any means without permission in writing from a director of gtslearning International Limited. Violation of these laws will lead to prosecution. All trademarks, service marks, products, or services are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders and are acknowledged by the publisher. All gtslearning products are supplied on the basis of a single copy of a course per student. Additional resources that may be made available from gtslearning may only be used in conjunction with courses sold by gtslearning. No material changes to these resources are permitted without express written permission by a director of gtslearning. These resources may not be used in conjunction with content from any other supplier. If you suspect that this course has been copied or distributed illegally, please telephone or email gtslearning. 4.1 Server Hardware CompTIA Server+ Certification (Exam SK0-004)

2. Objectives Identify components of the server chassis and motherboard Describe server-class features of CPUs, memory, and expansion cards and perform upgrades 4.1 Server Hardware 281

3. Motherboard Components 4.1 Server Hardware 281

4. Server Motherboards Riser cards Drive enclosure / backplane DIP switches / jumpers Diagnostic LEDs 4.1 Server Hardware 282

5. Server-class CPUs versus desktop CPU-based servers RISC and CISC o Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) o Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) x86 / IA-32 X64 / AMD64 / EM64T ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) Processor Architecture 4.1 Server Hardware 284

6. Pipeline (fetch, decode, execute, writeback) Superscalar (perform multiple pipeline actions simultaneously) Superpipelining (longer pipelines but shorter actions [micro-ops]) Instructions come from threads / processes HyperThreading - Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) – runs multiple parallel threads OS sees two or more “logical” processors Superpipelining and HyperThreading 4.1 Server Hardware 286

7. Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) means installing more than one CPU Requires boards with multiple sockets Cheaper to use Chip Level Multiprocessing or multi-core Multiple CPUs packaged on the same chip Multiprocessing and Multi-core 4.1 Server Hardware 287

8. Clock speed Memory controller speed (Northbridge) Storage expansion bus speed System clock o Clock generator o Clock multipliers Cache smooths out speed differences Multi-level cache designs o L1, L2, and L3 o Exclusive or shared by core or CPU Speed and Cache 4.1 Server Hardware 287

9. Heatsinks and Fans Pin Grid Array (PGA) Flip Chip Pin Grid Array (FC-PGA) Land Grid Array (LGA) Voltage Regulator Modules (VRM) Packaging and Sockets and Models 4.1 Server Hardware 289

10. Upgrading a single CPU Upgrading to SMP o Identical CPUs o Stepping Upgrading the heatsink and fan Upgrading CPUs 4.1 Server Hardware 291

11. Memory Type and Speed SDRAM - runs at the same speed as the system bus and uses a 64- bit data bus DDR SDRAM - runs at the same speed as the system bus but performs transfers twice per clock cycle DDR2 SDRAM - as per DDR except that the bus speed is twice that of the internal memory circuitry DDR3 SDRAM - as for DDR2 except that the bus speed is trebled compared to the chip speed DIMM packaging 4.1 Server Hardware 292

12. Chips o Number of DRAM devices o Storage layout of DRAM devices o High density modules Latency o Column Address Strobe (CAS) Latency (CL) o Number of clock cycles it takes for the controller to look up a memory location o Not directly comparably between different types of SDRAM Memory Banks o DIMMs 1 bank per slot o SMP system memory must be balanced o Motherboard (or CPU) feature rather than memory type o Modules installed in matched pairs Memory Features 4.1 Server Hardware 294

13. Dual-channel Feature of motherboard / CPU not memory modules Controller can access two banks at the same time Memory modules must be matched (use kits) (Image © 2015 GIGA-BYTE Technology Co., Ltd. gigabyte.com) 4.1 Server Hardware 296

14. Dual-rank Memory o Two sets of devices on one module o Controller can access one rank or the other o Controller support for limited number of ranks ECC (Error Checking and Correcting) o Each memory operation is checked for consistency o ECC slots not compatible with non-ECC modules Registered and Buffered Memory o Regulates electrical load in high density modules o Cannot mix unbuffered and registered / fully buffered Other Memory Features 4.1 Server Hardware 297

15. ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) Advanced Graphics Port (AGP) PCI eXtended (PCI-X) PCI Express (PCIe) Expansion Buses and Slots 4.1 Server Hardware 299

16. NIC (Network Interface Card) HBA (Host Bus Adapter) Port expansion card Video Audio Types of Expansion Cards 4.1 Server Hardware 300

17. Hot-swappable versus non-hot-swappable Insert card fully into slot and retain with screw Cover unused slots with banking plates Riser cards and cages in low profile chassis and blades Installing an Expansion Card 4.1 Server Hardware 302

18. Review Identify components of the server chassis and motherboard Describe server-class features of CPUs, memory, and expansion cards and perform upgrades 4.1 Server Hardware 303

19. Labs Lab 11 / Upgrading Hardware 4.1 Server Hardware