1. Chapter 1: Introduction and DC Circuit AZRALMUKMIN BIN AZMI

2. Chapter 1.5: Series-Parallel Network, Source Transformation, Thevenin’s Theorem AZRALMUKMIN BIN AZMI

3. Series-Parallel Network  Series-parallel networks are networks that contain both series and parallel circuit configuration.  General approach to circuit analysis: - Reduce and return approach - Block diagram approach

4. Series-Parallel Network (Cont…)  Reduce and return approach

5. Series-Parallel Network (Cont…)  Reduce and return approach

6. Series-Parallel Network (Cont…)  Find I 3 :

7. Series-Parallel Network (Cont…)  Find I 4, I s and V 2 :

8. Series-Parallel Network (Cont…)  Block diagram approach

9. Series-Parallel Network (Cont…)  Find all current and voltage:

10. Series-Parallel Network (Cont…)  Find all current and voltage:

11. Series-Parallel Network (Cont…)  Find V 1, V 3, V ab and I S :

12. Series-Parallel Network (Cont…)  Find V 1, V 2 and I:

13. Series-Parallel Network (Cont…)  Find V a, V b, V c, V ac, V bc, I 2 and I S3 :

14. Source Transformation  In reality, all sources (voltage or current source) have some internal resistance. Voltage sourceCurrent source

15. Source Transformation (Cont…)  Source conversion:

16. Source Transformation (Cont…)  Find: - I L - Convert to a current source and calculate I L

17. Source Transformation (Cont…)  Find I 2 :

18. Thevenin’s Theorem  Any two terminal can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source (V TH ) and a series resistor (R TH ).

19. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…)  Used to: - Analyze networks and sources that are not in parallel and series. - Reduce the number of components required to establish the same characteristics at the output terminals.

20. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…)  Procedure to determine R TH and V TH :

21. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…)  Preliminary: 1. Remove that portion of the network across which Thevenin's equivalent circuit is to be found. In figure, required R L is temporarily removed from network. 2. Mark the terminals of remaining two terminal network.

22. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…)  R TH : 3. Calculate R TH by setting all source to zero (Voltage = short circuit and Current = open circuit) 4. Finding the resultant resistance between the two marked terminals.

23. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…)  E TH : 5. Calculate V TH by first returning all sources to their original position and finding the open circuit voltage between the marked terminals.

24. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…)  Conclusion: 6. Draw the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit.

25. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…)  Conclusion (Cont…): 7. If required reconnect the portion which had been removed previously.

26. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…)  Find Thevenin's equivalent circuit for the network in the shaded area:

27. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…)  Find Thevenin's equivalent circuit for the network in the shaded area:

28. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…)  Find Thevenin's equivalent circuit for the network in the shaded area: