2. Learning Objectives To understand how Edward’s government was run. To understand the changes made to religion during Edward’s reign. To understand the rebellions that took place during his reign.

3. Edward reigned from 1547 to 1553. His reign was a period of uncertainty created by the speed of religious and political change that was taking place. Plus, he was an underage monarch (which made these problems worse). These problems were made even worse by problems left behind by Henry VIII. Expensive foreign policy. Debased coinage. Crown lands losing value. From 1547 to 1549, government was under the control of Edward Seymour, the Duke of Somerset as ‘Protector’. He implemented some disastrous policies. E.G. An expensive war against Scotland. The establishment of an enclosure commission that failed to deliver anything for the poor.

4. An attack on the traditional basis of religion. All of these policies caused widespread discontent. In addition to this, the Duke of Somerset’s move towards a more personal style of government led to opposition from members of the Council. The results were disastrous. 1549 saw England threatened with invasion by Scotland’s ally: France. There were also rebellions in East Anglia and Devon and Cornwall. Plus rioting in other parts of the country. The Crown’s resources were spread too thinly to deal with these problems effectively. Somerset’s indecision led to his rivals launching a takeover (coup d’etat) led by John Dudley, Earl of Warwick. Dudley was as unscrupulous as Somerset but was more effective.

5. He introduced a degree of financial stability. Foreign policy was made cheaper by making peace with Scotland and France. The port of Boulogne was surrendered to France for £133,333. He was able to introduce far-ranging Protestant reforms, with less opposition than Somerset’s reforms. Dudley also, at first was keen to work with the Council rather than ignoring it. Although he did purge it of a number of potential rivals.

6. What problems did the Edwardian government inherit at the death of Henry VIII? Factional rivalry and the Regency Council Crown’s finances Coinage Religion Minority government

7. Why was the Duke of Somerset so unsuccessful in his attempts to deal with these problems? Foreign affairs Crown’s finances Enclosure Rebellions Religion Somerset’s personality

8. How close did England come to political and social collapse in 1549? Rebellion locations Reasons for them How were the rebellions dealt with?

9. How was the Earl of Warwick able to replace Somerset and establish himself in power? Opponents to Somerset Why did they oppose him? 5 October proclamation Earl of Southampton’s counter coup

10. How effective was government under the Duke of Northumberland? Administration Finance Foreign Policy Relationship with Edward VI Change to the succession

11. What were the major religious changes introduced during the reign of Edward VI? Under Somerset – Protestant reforms Anti-Catholic reforms Under Northumberland

12. Historical interpretation: How popular were the religious changes of Edward VI’s reign? Protestant beliefs in 1547 Churchwarden’s accounts and wills

19. Questions Who was the editor of the British Gazette? Winston Churchill What had helped British coal mines to receive an artificial boom in 1924? French occupation of the Ruhr What monetary policy led to coal sales dropping internationally Return to the Gold Standard What was the name of the alliance that broke down on Black Friday? Triple Alliance After Red Friday, what did the government offer to help maintain miners’ wages? A subsidy How long did this last? 9 months

20. What report stated that mines should eventually be nationalised and that wages should be temporarily reduced? Samuel Report Who said ‘Next May we shall be faced with the greatest crisis?’ A.J. Cook What date did the General Strike begin? 3 May 1926 What event on 2 May, was the catalyst for this happening? The Daily Mail printers refused to print an article entitled ‘For King and Country. What organisation had the government set up to plan for a General Strike? Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies Who did this organisation try to recruit to keep vital services functioning? Volunteers What other manpower did the government use? Troops What law enable them to do this? Emergency Powers Act

21. What was the purpose of the strike according to the TUC? To end the miners lock-out and force the government to re-open negotiations. What was it according to the government? A revolutionary movement. Who agreed to end the strike without the consent of the miners? TUC When did the strike officially end? 12 May Did all the miners accept that the strike was over? NO What did A.J.Cook describe the action of the TUC? ‘peace at any price’ Which piece of legislation ended the prospect of sympathy strikes? Trade Disputes Act of 1927 What did confrontation give way to after 1926? Conciliation