1. The Human Brain Option A.2

2. The anterior part of the neural tube expands to form the brain. Define cephalization- a. The development of the head region. State the number of neurons in the human brain. a. 86 Billion Describe the advantage of having a brain. a. Communication between the billions of neurons is more rapid than if the control centers are spread out.

3. Different parts of the brain have specific roles. State the function of the following regions of the brain: a. Medulla oblongata- deals with involuntary functions such as heart rate and breathing. b. Cerebellum- important in motor control, posture, balance, some cognitive function such as speech.

4. Different parts of the brain have specific roles. c. Hypothalamus- interface between the brain and the pituitary gland, hormones, homeostasis. d. Pituitary Gland- 1. Posterior Lobe- stores hormones 2. Anterior Lobe- releases hormones e. Cerebral Hemispheres- integrating center for higher functions: learning, memory, emotions.

5. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary process in the body using centers located in the medulla oblongata. Describe the peripheral nervous system. a. Made of all the nerves outside of the central nervous system. List the two parts of the peripheral nervous system. a. Voluntary and autonomic Compare and contrast the two parts of the peripheral nervous system. a. They are both part of the peripheral nervous system but autonomic controls involuntary functions and is divided into two parts.

6. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary process in the body using centers located in the medulla oblongata. List the two parts of the autonomic nervous system. a. Parasympathetic and sympathetic Explain how these two parts work together. a. They have opposite effects on the body. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) controls homeostasis and the body at rest and is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" function. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) controls the body's responses to a perceived threat and is responsible for the "fight or flight" response.