1. Occupational Health and Safety in Transport Findings from EU-0SHA activities Decent Work for Transport Workers in Turkey International Training Centre (ITC), ILO Istanbul, 19 April 2011 Xabier Irastorza European Agency for Safety and Health at Work

2. Content 1.Brief description of EU-OSHA 2.EU-OSHA resources on Road Transport 3. OSH in Figures – Transport 4. Good Practice to prevent risks to Road Transport drivers 5.International cooperation

3. 1. Brief description - role of EU-OSHA  European body based in Bilbao.  Key role to support the collection, sharing and exchange of information on occupational safety and health.  Governing Board of governments, employers and workers organisations.  Working with a network of ‘focal points’ in EU member states, candidate countries and EFTA.

4. Content 1.Brief description of EU-OSHA 2.EU-OSHA resources on Road Transport 3. OSH in Figures – Transport 4. Good Practice to prevent risks to Road Transport drivers 5.International cooperation

5. 2. EU-OSHA resources on Transport Objectives  Provide information on exposures and health outcomes - Risk Observatory report ‘OSH in Figures Transport’  Support sharing and exchange of good practice information: oSuccessful programmes and campaigns oSuccessful workplace interventions oIdentification of success factors

6. 2. EU-OSHA resources on Transport New reports – promotion May 2011 oCase study report - Managing occupational risks to road haulage/bus drivers oDelivering the message - Review of OSH programmes/campaigns in road transport oReview of good practice information available for taxi drivers and motorbike & bicycle couriers. oReview of some specific accidents in the sector: good practice lessons  Already available oOSH in Figures Transport sector report (Risk Observatory) – country reports and thematic report (28 March 2011) oFacts16 Preventing Vehicle transport accidents at the workplace (various languages) oFacts18 Preventing Road Accidents Involving Heavy Good Vehicles (various languages) oE-facts 47 Health promotion in the transport sector

7. 2. EU-OSHA resources on Transport Web pages http://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/road_transport http://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/rail_air_water_transport/

8. Content 1.Brief description of EU-OSHA 2.EU-OSHA resources on Road Transport 3. OSH in Figures – Transport 4. Good Practice to prevent risks to Road Transport drivers 5.International cooperation

9. Quick sector overview  More and more women  Transport workforce is ageing  High proportion of migrant workers  Multiple exposures- physical, psychosocial & organisational risks  Exposure to dangerous substances and biological agents – underestimated and underassessed!  Varying working hours (evenings, shifts, at night, on weekends)  Violence increasing risk – and underreported!  Health problems: insomnia, digestive, long-term fatigue, musculoskeletal, asbestos-related, hearing loss, infectious diseases, accidents due to falls.  Technological equipment – distractive and challenging  Working at clients premises and on the road – limited scope for adaptation and healthy lifestyles  Speed of change and growth a particular challenge for OSH

10. 3. OIF Transport Transport sector is essential to Europe’s prosperity oMobility of citizens and goods. oSignificant impact on economic growth, social development and the environment. 60 Land transport; transport via pipelines 601 Rail transport 602 Road transport 6021+6022+6023: Transport of persons 6024: Freight transport by road 603 Transport via pipelines 61 Water transport 611 Sea and coastal water transport 612 Inland water transport 62 Air transport

11.  Employment – EU25 (2006, Eurostat): oNACE 60-62: about 6 million workers.  Share in the whole economy: about 3% oVariations: 1.9% Germany - 6% Estonia and Latvia.  Land transport (NACE 60) the largest sub sector: about 90% of workers in transport (NACE 60-62) oOSH research focused on land transport. oVariations between MS, i.e., air transport in Malta.  Transport is a small business (<50 empl) sector. Large enterprises in air and railway transport. 3. OIF Transport

12.  Transport is made up primarily of male workers (84%) oVariations between MS: 94% in Greece - 73% in Malta  Differences among sub sectors: oFemale workforce: land 14%, water 18% & air 41%  Proportion/ number of female workers is increasing,...., but health and safety action is male-centred  Solving problems to make sector more attractive for female workers: oDifficulty of combining work and family. oHighly physical work load. oLack of female friendly facilities. 3. OIF Transport - Gender

13.  Increasing number of workers aged 50-64 oDevelopment of skills/ employability of older workers, while maintaining health, motivation and capacities? oIntroduction of computer applications changes content and workload  Increased need for training. oBack problems related to age - work seniority: ergonomic aspects will gain importance 3. OIF Transport - Age Source: Eurostat, 2006

14.  8% transport vs. 20% total workforce – Increasing!  Specific features: oLess control over working time oWork requiring less skills oMonotonous jobs oLess training  Improvement of working conditions and training! Part time work 3. OIF Transport Migrant workers  Higher than average share in transport  Increasing trend in MS  Specific features: oThree D-jobs (dirty, dangerous and demanding)  Issue of concern and leads in addition to: oDistortion of competition oSafety and health problems

15. Source: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Conditions, Dublin, 2005. At least 25% of the working time, EU27, 2005 Transport workers have multiple exposures to physical risks 3. Exposure to risks - Physical work factors (1)

16. 1.Exposure to vibrations, prolonged sitting oCorrelations development back problems oWidespread problem in transport sector oErgonomic design of seat and cabin! 2.Manual handling during loading and unloading 3.Exposure to loud noise oLoading & unloading, noise sources in vehicles & trucks oCorrelation with fatigue and negative cognitive aspects 3. Exposure to risks - Physical work factors (2) 4.Inhalation of vapours and fumes oExhaust fumes at terminals & stops, loading & unloading, washing & preparing vehicle, filling up the vehicle, road dust oCombination with smoking increases risk for respiratory problems 5.Handling dangerous substances oDuring loading and unloading

17.  Increasing work load and work pressure o“Just-in-time management”, traffic, remote monitoring & planning  Monotonous jobs > average working population  Learning opportunities < average working population  Change of job content oKnowledge on EU road codes, languages, oIncreasing use of technology, remote monitoring oNeed for proper training and education. 3. Exposure to risks – Work organisation Source: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Conditions, Dublin, 2005.

18.  Varying working hours: evenings, nights, weekends.  Correlation with negative health effects: oFatigue and negative cognitive aspects oReproductive health problems among female workers oIncreasing fatigue among elderly workers 3. Exposure to risks – Working time EU27, 2005 Source: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Conditions, Dublin, 2005.

19.  Increasing attention to violence as an occupational risk  Potential hazards: oActing as “messengers” for changes in service, working alone oPublic frustration about waiting times or services oDealing with specific groups - hooligans, fare evaders, people who have consumed excessive amounts of alcohol or drugs,..-  Underreported risk – lack of reporting procedures Source: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Conditions, Dublin, EU27, 2005. 3. Exposure to risks – Psychosocial factors

20. 3. Health outcomes (1) Source: ESAW (European Statistics on Accidents at Work), Eurostat. Incidence rate per 100,000 workers of occupational accidents in EU-15 Non-fatal Fatal

21. 3. Health outcomes (2)  Frequency rate is higher than in other sectors  Variation among MS: transport 7-10% of total accidents  Frequent accidents: oSlipping, falling from height, sprains due to (un)loading oRoad transport: Traffic accidents – fatigue, non-standard working schedules, bad weather conditions, time pressure,.. Occupational accidents  High number of musculoskeletal disorders (back, neck and shoulder problems) oCorrelation with age  Other: Stress-related health problems, Asbestos related diseases, Noise induced hearing loss, Sleep problems (i.e. sleep apnoea), Fatigue. Work related health problems

22. Content 1.Brief description of EU-OSHA 2.EU-OSHA resources on Road Transport 3. OSH in Figures – Transport 4. Good Practice to prevent risks to Road Transport drivers 5.International cooperation

23.  Support Community Strategy 2007-12, where transport is recognised as one of the sectors still particularly dangerous - large number of SMEs and self-employed.  Provide info on good safety and health practices and programmes addressing key OSH issues of the sector, including those highlighted by OIF in Transport  Ensure linkage to other Agency work: MSD prevention, gender, age, health promotion (2009), risk assessment campaign (2008-9). 4. Good practice to prevent risks to road transport drivers Objectives

24. 4. Good practice to prevent risks to road transport drivers Not just driving risks, … Broad range of occupational risks to transport drivers - not just road safety issues and driving hazards- including: o Loading, unloading vehicles o Falls climbing in and out of cabs o Rest and toilet facilities o Vehicle design and maintenance o Musculoskeletal and vibration related disorders o Hot and cold cabs o Stress o Violence from members of the public Drivers NOT a homogenous group: older drivers, young drivers, women drivers

25. Managing work-related road safety INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT  All employers have legal duties to manage risks, including occupational road risks oImplement preventive measures based on risk assessment oCooperate and coordinate with other employers throughout the supply chain and between employers and subcontractors oTrain and inform e.g. about risks where deliveries being made oConsult workers, who have the practical knowledge  Work-related road safety (WRS) only effectively controlled IF: ointegrated into general arrangements for managing health and safety at work oAND health and safety at work management integrated into general business management and planning  Business benefits: ofewer days lost due to injury ofewer vehicles off the road for repair ofewer missed orders

26. 4. Some conclusions from EU-OSHA good practice cases Working groups

27. Content 1.Brief description of EU-OSHA 2.EU-OSHA resources on Road Transport 3. OSH in Figures – Transport 4. Good Practice to prevent risks to Road Transport drivers 5.International cooperation

28. 6. Transport - European and international cooperation built up since 2008  European Transport Safety Council (ETSC) - PRAISE  European Transport Federation (ETF) –various  European Chemical Transport Association (ECTA) participation in event 2009, Responsible care in EU chemical land transport  DG EMPL – guide for transport occupations?  UN Decade of Action on Road Safety 2011-20  NIOSH/ Global occupational road safety initiative  Other contacts: oDG MOVE, European Charter for road safety oEurosafe – EU injury prevention network supported by DG SANCO oEU Parliament – committee on transport & tourism oILO – training foundation oNational contacts (ES, FR, UK, DE, HE, etc.)

29. UN decade of action for road safety 2011-2020 – launch 11 May 2011  Toolkit for organizers to guide Member States and their partners in preparing for the launch. Includes the description of an ideal launch event  Calendar of activities.  Register events by completing online form.  Contacts: A listing of contacts for the Decade including national focal points has been developed. All governments are encouraged to nominate a national focal point.  Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Decade-of- Action-for-Road-Safety-2011- 2020/178222832190853?v=wall http://www.facebook.com/pages/Decade-of- Action-for-Road-Safety-2011- 2020/178222832190853?v=wall

30. Some thoughts...  Working in road transport requires high levels of professional skill and competence. oBeing able to drive; oBeing able to load and unload; oBeing able to repair technical problems; oHaving certain language skills; oCarrying out basic administration; oActing as "ambassadors" for company.  Major responsibility once on the road  If society wants motivated and highly skilled transport workers, more attention should be given to the working conditions of the sector

31. Thank you! irastorza@osha.europa.eu