1. Welcome Mr. Chwan-Chyuan WANG Engineer of Nothern Water Resources Office MOEA Taiwan

2. Focus on Technologies & Capabilities in Desalination ► VWS & MPG desalination – overview & expertise ► Key points in recent RO projects

3. Thermal 1.MSF : Multi Stage Flash 2.MED : Multiple Effect Distillation Reverse Osmosis 1.Membrane plant Desalination

4. MED  Technology which is now reliable  Takes over market shares  1.5 kWh/m3 MSF  Very reliable technology  The most used today  4.5 kWh/m3 Thermal

5. REVERSE OSMOSIS SETTLING DUALMEDIA FILTRATION REMINERALIZATION NEUTRALISATION FINAL DISINFECTION Post treatmentPre-treatment Desalination Raw water Brine to reject Potable water Example of a typical membrane plant Reverse Osmosis

6. From 1 000 m3/d to 1 000 000 m 3 /d Thermal Project size Membrane D&B VWS (SIDEM, Entropie) VWS (OTV, Metito, VWS Iberica, Emirates…) Veolia Water Operation D&B Desalination & VWS

7. ► Raw water characterization ► Water intake ► Pretreatment ► RO optimization ► Energy consumption reduction Desalination - the key points

8. Raw Water ► Design and operation of SWRO plants strongly depend on the raw seawater quality ► SWRO performances rely on the stable production of high quality pretreated water ► Also the selection of the best pretreatment technology depends on the raw seawater quality and its variations.

9. ► Membrane manufacturers put emphasis on the Silt Density Index (SDI) as a surrogate quality parameter to prevent fouling on RO membranes. ► But, as the SDI does not provide information on the nature of the foulants passing through a 0.45 µm membrane and the risks of biofouling, ► Veolia R&D team has developed analytical tools to characterize seawater and performances of pre-treatment processes. Sea water

10. The main parameters: ► Temperature along the year - ( Oman + 22°C to 35°C) ► TDS or conductivity - (Oman : 38 g/l to 41 g/l) ► SDI ( Oman : 18 to 35 ) ► SS-TOC-Turbidity-Algae-hydrocarbons- ionic components Sea Water

11. Temperature Variation Salinity Sea Water

12. ► Spot analysis on site… SDI, Conductivity, T°c ► Full analysis in laboratories with specific certification in seawater analysis ► Analysis campaigns and/or Pilot campaigns (from 2 to 8 months ) ► Bathymetric surveys ► Veolia technical department analysis and interpretation Sea Water - MPG expertise

13. MPG desalination experts ► Reverse Osmosis experts, contribute to the continuous improvement of MPG know-how. ► They are devoted to: the validation of the Engineering studies (calculation sheets, PIDs, specification,…) the technical feedback to the project engineers ► Members of the International Desalination Association (IDA), and teachers for the Middle East Desalination Research Center (MEDREC), they have been and still are involved on the biggest desalination projects in the world: ▪ Ashkelon ▪ Sydney ▪ Melbourne ▪ Adelaide ▪ Fujaïrah 2 ▪ Sur ▪ Gold Coast

14. Treatment pilot ► In order to optimize and validate seawater treatment stage for more challenging seawater, Veolia R&D is currently installing a testing facility platform in Dubai. ► The Fujairah II SWRO was awarded to VWS in 2007. The pre-treatment piloting is now being tested since April 2008 for a minimum duration of 6 months. The purpose of the Fujairah II Pilot test trials is to: Investigate the feed water quality Optimize the chemical Fujairah II pilot plant unit

15. Sea Water - Veolia expertise: characterisation of many sea waters around the world Pacific Ocean (Sites A, B) Mediterranean Sea (Sites C, D, E) Atlantic Ocean (Sites I) Arabian Gulf (Sites G) Melbourne Sodium (mg/L)10200 to 10500 11800 to 125001010012300 to 1380011400 Potassium (mg/L) 370 to 380435 to 455360505 to 610424 Calcium (mg/L)400450 to 470430430 to 570413 Magnesium (mg/L) 1200 to 12351410 to 150013401510 to 17901366 Chloride (mg/L)18300 to 18700 21000 to 226002120023100 to 2490020000 Sulfate (mg/L)2710 to 28302960 to 321024903040 to 31102600 Bicarbonate (mg/L) 152170162162 to 170106 Boron (mg/L)4.65.44.35.1 to 6.74.9 Fluoride (mg/L)1.11.5 to 1.71.22.4 to 2.71 Strontium (mg/L) 7.78.47.59.5 to 10.57.6 Barium (µg/L)< 10<10 to 2014< 106 Salinity (g/L)33.4 to 34.438.8 to 41.03643.7 to 44.334.9 to 38.1

16. ► Raw water characterization ► Water intake ► Pretreatments ► RO optimization ► Energy consumption reduction Desalination - the key points

17. The first method to take sea water… Water intake

18. …the other solutions… Open intake – channel Offshore intake Beachwells Subsea systems Water intake

19. …the other solutions… Open intake - channel Offshore intake Beachwells Subsea systems Water intake

20. HDPE Pipe Manufacturing in Sweden Offshore intake > Ashkelon study case

21. Pipe towing preparations Offshore intake > Ashkelon study case

22. Beginning a long journey…. Offshore intake > Ashkelon study case

23. About 6000 kms Offshore intake > Ashkelon study case

24. ASHKELON Offshore intake > Ashkelon study case

25. Pumping station

26. D-Day Offshore intake > Ashkelon study case

27. CONCRETE COLLARS

28. …the other solutions… ► Open intake - channel ► Offshore intake ► Beachwells ► Subsea systems Water intake

29. ► Very hard rock - up to 50 MPA ► Drilling and blasting Water intake: Oman SUR study case

30. Offshore intake ► Intake: 2 pipes Ø1200 – 800m ► Brine: 1 pipe Ø1200 – 650 m Water intake: Oman SUR study case

31. Example of Johnson Screen Water intake: Oman SUR study case

32. ► Individual Beachwells production comprised between 50 to 300 m3/h ► Collecting radial beachwells > production from 1000m3/h to 4000 m3/h Beachwells: Oman SUR study case

33. ► 35 beachwells ► 150m3/hr to 300 m3/h each ► > 9000 m3/hr total Beachwells: Oman SUR study case

34. …the other solutions… Open intake - channel Offshore intake Beachwells Subsea systems Water intake

35. ► Sub sea drains Subsea horizontal drains

37. ► Raw water characterization ► Water intake ► Pretreatments ► RO optimization ► Energy consumption reduction Desalination - the key points

38. Pretreatments Objectives at the Pretreatments outlet: ► SDI – fouling index <3.5 – 4 ► No oxidant ► Low Organic matter content – COT < 3 mg/l ► NTU - Turbidity < 0,1

39. Pretreatments Technologies: ► Dual media filtration (DMF)– pressure or gravity ► Membrane filtration - UF / MF ► High velocity settler - Actiflo ® ► Flotation

40. ► Kindasa - Saudia Arabia ► Capacity - 26,840 m3/day ► Temperature - 25 à 34 °C ► TDS - 42,500 mg/l ► Turbidity – up to 6 NTU Ultra Filtration: Kindasa Study case

42. SDI (fouling) results Before UF After UF Ultra Filtration: Kindasa Study case

43. Capex 100 % 105 % 110 % 115 % DMF + UF Ultra Filtration: Kindasa Study case

44. ► Raw water characterization ► Water intake ► Pretreatment ► RO optimization ► Energy consumption reduction Desalination - the key points

45. ► Seawater Seawater TDS : 38 – 41 g/l Seawater t° : 22 – 35 °C SDI(15) : 20 average up to 30 ► Guarantees Production : 80 200 m3/d Boron : 0,5 mg/l TDS : 500 mg/l NTU <2 RO optimization: Sur - Oman Case Study

46. ► Split of 1 st pass permeate, recirculation of 2 nd pass brine TDS < 500 mg/l Boron < 0,5 mg/l 2 nd pass is optimized : 40% reduction Recovery rate is optimized to : 43,5% 5 40 45 55 27 18 55 24 42 RO optimization: Sur - Oman Case Study

47. ► First pass – 8 trains – 10 000 m3/d Seawater membranes Recovery 40 % to 45 % Average permeate flux < 14 l/m².h Feed pressure 69 bars Dweer recovery device ► Second pass – 4 trains Brackish membranes Recovery 85 % to 90 % Average permeate flux < 18 l/m².h Feed pressure < 18 bars RO optimization: Sur - Oman Case Study

48. FINAL DESIGN 1st Pass 2 nd Pass RO optimization: Sur - Oman Case Study

49. ► PDMS tool ► Standard Train 10 to 15 mld RO optimization - PDMS

52.  Raw water analysis  Water intake  Pretreatment  RO optimization  Energy consumption reduction Desalination - the key points

53. About 70% of the operational costs are due to electrical consumption. 75% of the electricity is absorbed by HP Pumps + Booster Pumps Conventional methods of reducing energy consumption: Design: Increased membranes to reduce operating pressure, but increases Selection of pumps with high efficiency : (79% to 85% for HP pumps) Energy Recovery Methods Recover brine energy Pelton Wheel and Isobaric Costs are recovered within 1-5 years Energy consumption reduction

54. HP pump  dP = 68 bar  Eff = 80 % Reverse osmosis  P feed = 70 bar  Y = 45 %  dP = 2 bars 1000m3/h 2 bar 1000m3/h 70 bar BRINE 550 m3/h 68 bar PERMEATE 450 m3/h P atm TO 2ND RO PASS TO BRINE OUTFALL M Energy consumption: 6 - 8 kWh/m3 delivered RO flow diagram – no energy recovery Energy consumption reduction

55. HP pump  dP = 68 bars Reverse osmosis  P feed = 70 bars  Y = 45 %  dP = 2 bar 450 m3/h 2 bars 1000 m3/h 70 bars BRINE 550 m3/h 68 bars PERMEAT 450 m3/h P atm TO 2ND RO PASS TO BRINE OUTFALL Energy consumption: 3,5 -4,5 Kwh/m3 delivered 550 m3/h 68 bars 550 m3/h 2 bars BRINE 550 m3/h 1 bar Recirculation pump  P = 3 bar incl Head loss RO flow diagram – with Energy Recovery System Energy consumption reduction

56. Pelton turbine 1.low investment 2.RO plant consumption ~4,5 – 5,5 kWh/m 3 Energy recovery system

57. Dweer system 1.Installed in Ashkelon (3.6 kWh/m 3 ) 2.RO plant consumption #3,5 – 4,5 kWh/m 3 Energy recovery system

58. E.R.I. 1.installed in Perth – recent 2.RO plant consumption #3,5 – 4,5 kWh/m 3 Energy recovery system

59. Veolia RO plants Energy recovery system

60. Sea Thermal Electrical  Osmose 500 mW 280 000 m 3 /d 170 000 m 3 /d 450 000 m 3 /d 65 mW 35 mW Steam Desalination bonus…Hybrid technology

61. SIDEM Thermal 15 units MED – 420 000 m3/d OTV Reverse Osmosis 136 380 m3/d Hybrid: case study Fujairah 2

62. ► Common water intake ► Common brine discharge ► Optimal use of thermal power ► Independent energy source ► Flexibility in operation & maintenance Hybrid: case study Fujairah 2

63. ► Veolia unique position with OTV & Sidem ► Global offer ► Integrated team ► Costs optimization Hybrid: case study Fujairah 2

64. Fujairah: Veolia expertise on sea water & pretreatment Surface of the floatation tank during normal operation Surface of the same floatation tank during a red tide event