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 G[GM8[SGM,MHLs nanotechnology fo V6]VM VG[ 5ZDF6]VMGL 5]GoZRGF SZLG[ T[GL UM9J6DF\ O[ZOFZ SZLG[ GJF A\WFZ6M WZFJTF 5NFYM"G]\ lGDF"6 SZJ]\ VG[ T[GL DNNYL.

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Presentation on theme: " G[GM8[SGM,MHLs nanotechnology fo V6]VM VG[ 5ZDF6]VMGL 5]GoZRGF SZLG[ T[GL UM9J6DF\ O[ZOFZ SZLG[ GJF A\WFZ6M WZFJTF 5NFYM"G]\ lGDF"6 SZJ]\ VG[ T[GL DNNYL."— Presentation transcript:

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2  G[GM8[SGM,MHLs nanotechnology fo V6]VM VG[ 5ZDF6]VMGL 5]GoZRGF SZLG[ T[GL UM9J6DF\ O[ZOFZ SZLG[ GJF A\WFZ6M WZFJTF 5NFYM"G]\ lGDF"6 SZJ]\ VG[ T[GL DNNYL GJF p5SZ6M VG[ VJGJL DFGJHFTG[ ;],E AGFJ[ T[JL 5wWlTVMG]\ lGDF"6 V[8,[ G[GM8[SGM,MHLP G[GM V[ U|LS EFQFFGM ;aN K[4 T[GM VY" YFI K[ JFD6]\4 9L\U]HLPPP T[GM UFl6lTS VY" V[S DL8ZGM !_________DM EFUP V[8,[ S[ T[ V[S V[J] lJ7FG K[P S[ H[DF E[MlTSlJ7FG4 HLJlJ7FG4 Z;FI6 lJ7FG4 lDS[lGS, VG[.,[S8=MlGS V[lgHlGIZL\U lJ7FG JU[Z[ G[ VFJZL,[ K[P 8]\SDF\ lJ7FG GF l;‚F\TM4 ZC:IM VG[ 8[SlGSM J0[ VJGJF 5NFYM" 4 ;FWGM S[ p5SZ6M AGFJLG[ DFGJLGL ;D’l‚ VG[ ;]BFSFZL JWFZJL VG[ DFGJHLJGG[ ptS’Q8 VG[ pgGT AGFJJFGL lS|IF V[8,[ G[GM8[SGM,MHLP

3  G[GM8[SGM,MHL G[ VG]~5 YI[,L XMW VG[ T[GF XMWSMo ““V[lgHg; VMO lS|V[XG” GFDGF 5]:TSDF\ G[GM8[SGM,MHLGL jIFbIF VG5GFZ v S[ V[ZLS 0=[S;,Z ::S[lG\U 8Gl,\U DF.S=M:SM5 (STM) v IBM,[AMZ[8ZLGF HG" lAlG\U VG[ C[G|LS ZMZ[ GG[GM8I]A GL T;JLZ VF5GFZ v ;]DLVM 8LHDF AASLAM, S[ ASlDG:8Z O],[lZG GL XMW v ZMA8" V[OP S,"4 C[ZM<0 0A<I] S=M8M VG[ lZRF0".P :DM,LP GGMA, 5FlZTMlQFS lJH[TF v lZRF0" O[.GD[G llHIM0[lhS 0MDGL ZRGF SZGFZ v ASlDG:8Z O],Z

4  G[GM8[SGM,MHLGL DNNYL ElJQIGL ;SITFVM o  G G[GM8[SGM,MHL V[ lJ:T'T 8[SGM,MHL K[P H[ ElJQIDF\ TDFD 1F[+M DF8[ p5IMUL J:T]VMG] ;H"G SZX[4 T[ ;\EFJGFVMGF TDFD ‰FZ BM,L GFB[ K[P H[JF S[PPPP SSMQFLI :TZ 5Z p5RFZ SS'l+D A]l‚DTF ;;:TL VJSFXIF+F XX]‚ VG[ lJ5], pHF" 55IF"JZ6DF\ ;]WFZM JU[Z[PPPP

5  E[MlTS RLH J:T]VMGF 5lZDF6GM bIF,o SSM.56 E[MlTS RLH GF SN GM bIF, D[/JJF DF8[ V[SND X]1DsG[ GMf,[J, YL lJRFZL GZL VF\B[ HM. ;SFTL J:T] ;}WL GM bIF, VF D]HA NXF"JL XSFIP

6  DF.S=MDL8Z YL G[GMDL8Z ;}WL J:T]VMGF\ DF5Go

7 DDFGJLGF VF\BGL HMJFGL DCTD 1FDTF 10000 nm K[4 T[YL T[GFYL GFGL RLH J:T] HM. ;STM GYL4 VFYL STMs:S[lG\U 8Gl,\U DF.S=M:SM5f VG[ AFMsV[8MlDS OM; DF.S=M:SM5f GL XMW 1981 DF\ IBM lZR;",[AMZ[8ZLGF lJ7FlGSM HG" lAlG\U VG[ C[G|LS ZMZ[ SZLP STMs:S[lG\U 8Gl,\U DF.S=M:SM5f AFM s V[8MlDS OM; DF.S=M:SM5f

8  G[GM8[SGM,MHLGF 5MTFGF VFUJF lGIDMo DDM8F 5NFYM DF8[ H[ lGIDM SFD SZ[ K[ T[ X]1D 5|6F,L DF8[ SFD SZTF GYL4SFZ6 S[PPPP GG[GMD8[ZLI,DF\ SNGF 5|DF6DF\ ;5F8LG]\ 1F[+ DM8]\ CMI K[PVFYL T[ RM\8L HJFGM VG[ WQF"6GM U]6WD" X]1D 5|6F,LVMDF\ JW] 5|DF6DF\ HMJF D/[ K[P GG[GM 5lZDF6DF\ VF 5lZA/M VUtIGL E}lDSF EHJ[ K[P

9  G[GM8[SGM,MHLDF\ SFA"Go SSFA"G 5ZDF6] ALHF lJlJW 5|SFZGF 5ZDF6]VM ;FY[ ;C;\IMHS A\W ZRLG[ HM0F6 SZL XS[ K[P NNZ[S SFA"G 5ZDF6]GL K[<,L S1FFDF\ RFZ.,[S8=MG CMJFYL T[ VgI RFZ SFA"G 5ZDF6] ;FY[ HM0F.G[ ;F\S/ H[JL ;\'B,F AGFJL XS[ K[P SSFA"G l;JFI ALH] SM. 56 TtJ VFJF 5|SFZGL lJlJWTF S[ DHA]TF. YL HM0F6 AGFJL XST]\ GYLP TT[ l+5lZDF6JF/]\ HF/L :J~5 ZRGF WFZ6 SZ[ K[4 H[ VtI\T ;BT WG :J~5 AG[ K[P

10 SSFA"G C20 ASLAM<;sO],[ZLGfo 11985 DF\ ZMA8" V[O S,"4 C[ZM<0 0A<I] S=M8M VG[ lZRF0". :DM,LV[ ASlDG:8Z O],[ZLg; GL XMW SZL4 H[G[ 8]\SDF\ ASLAM, SC[ K[P H[DF 60 SFA"G 5ZDF6]VM O]8AM, GF N0FGL H[D UM9JFI[,F K[P 660 S FA"G 5ZDF6]VM GL UM9J6DF\ NZ[S SFA"G 5ZDF6] T[GL 5F;[GF VgI +6 SFA"G 5ZDF6] ;FY[ HM0F. G[ UM/FSFZ N0F H[JL ZRGF AGFJ[ K[P H[GM jIF; 1nm CMI K[P AASLAM, GL ZRGFGM VeIF; SZTF ASLAM, JF:TJLS ZLT[ QFQ8SM6M VG[ 5\RSM6MGL SFA"G UM9J6L YL T{IFZ YFI K[P TT[ V[S SFA"G G]\ lJlXQ8 5|SFZG]\ :J~5 K[P GG[GM8[SGM,MHL GF lJSF; DF\ T[G]\ :YFG DCtJG]\ K[P TT[ SFA"G G]\ X}gIFJSF;DF\ AFQ5LEJG SZL D[/JJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

11 SSFA"G G[GM8I]A o AASLAM, GF lJ:T'T :J~5G[ SFA"G G[GM8I]A SC[ K[P SSFA"G G[GM8I]A V[ CSLSTDF\ V[S K[0FYL HM0IF JUZGF ASLAM,G]\ H,\AFI[,] :J~5 K[P 5Z\T] T[DF\ O]8AM, H[JF UM/FSFZG[ AN,[ T[ G/FSFZsG/L H[J]\f :J~5 WFZ6 SZ[ K[P SSFA"G G[GM8I]ADF\ 56 5|tI[S SFA"G 5ZDF6] VgI +6 SFA"G 5ZDF6]VM ;FY[ HM0FI[,F CMI K[P GG[GM8I]A D]/E]T ZLT[ ASLAM<; H K[4 5Z\T] T[DF SFA"G,[8F.; GF AN,[ G/FSFZ H[JL ZRGF YFI K[P

12 llZRF0" :DM,LV[ ASLAM<;GF :J~5G[ lJS;FJLG[ SFA"G G[GM8I]a; AGFJJFGL 5‚lT XMWL SF-L CTL4 T[GL VF 5‚lT DF\ ASLAM<;G[ V[S ALHF ;FY[ HM0LG[ V[S CFZDF/F ZRJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P 5KL T[DF UM/FGL JrR[GF JWFZFGF ;F\WF N}Z SZJFYL SFA"G G[GM8I]A T{IFZ YFI K[P AASLAM<; DF\YL AG[,L SFA"G G[GM8I]A G[ ASL8I]A TZLS[ 56 VM/BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

13  SFA"G G[GM8I]A sASL8I]Af GF 5|SFZo TT[GF D]bI A[ 5|SFZ K[P l;\U, JM<8 G[GM8I]A sSWNTf T[DF V[S H G/FSFZ CMI K[P D<8L JM<8 G[GM8I]A sMWNTf H]NL H]NL l+HIF WZFJTF V[S S[gN=L VG[S G/FSFZ CMI K[P

14  SFA"G G[GM8I]A GF U]6WDM"o SSFA"G G[GM8I]AGL TF61FDTF 5M,FN SZTF JW] V[8,[ S[ 5M,FNGL ;ZBFD6LDF\ 100 U6L JW] K[P TT[ l:YlT:YF5STFGM U]6WD" WZFJ[ K[P TT[GL pQDFJFCSTF RF\NL SZTF,UEU 10 U6L K[P

15  G[GM 8[SGM,MHL G[ SFZ6[ DFGJHFTL G[ YGFZF OFINF o VVlT X}1D S6M GF :J~5DF\ V[MQFlWVM JW] SFZUT VG[ V;ZSFZS ZLT[ SFI" SZX[P GG[GM5F8L"S<;DF\ Z\U U|C6 SZJFGL T[DH Z\U R-FJJFGL VNE]T 1FDTF CMJFYL KF5SFD DF\ B}A 5|UlT Y. XSX[P ,,[HZ VG[ D[uG[l8Svl0:SvC[0DF\ B}A JWFZM YX[4 H[ l0:SGF 50GL 5CM/FIDF\ VFJTF ;]WFZFG[ VFEFZL K[P GG[GMO}0 VMU["lGSO}0GL ;DS1F AGFJL XSFX[P llGNFG SZJF DF8[GL ;FWG ;FDU|\L JW] ÈtS'Q8 VG[ ;:TL AGX[4 H[YL TFtSF,LS lGNFG SIF"”AFN V[MQFW VF5L XSFX[P GGJHFT lXX]GF DNA RF8" T{IFZ SZL ElJQIDF\ YGFZF ZMUMGL HF6SFZL VUFJYL D/L XSX[P

16 GGJF V[MQFWM DFGJXZLZDF\ IMuI HuIFV[ 5CLRF0L ZMUG[ N]Z SZL XSX[P 55[M,FN SZTF NX U6L DHA]TF. WZFJTF 5NFYM" AGFJL XSX[4 H[YL AF\WSFD DF\ S|FlgT ;HF"X[P GGJLG G[GMWFT]VM VG[ G[GMS6M S[ H[ JW] ;S|LI K[ T[G[ lGIlDT SZL VSFZ6 YT] G]S;FG W8F0L XSFX[P GGFGFSNGF SMd%I]8ZM RMS;F. 5}J"S GM\W6L SZX[4 VG[ 24 S,FS GL ;,FDTL 5|F%T SZL XSFX[P VVAHM 5ZDF6]VM DF\YL SM. IMuI 5ZDF6]G[ V,U 5F0L XS[ T[JF ;\J[NSM T{IFZ SZL XSFX[P GG[GM:Ol8SM JLH/LG]\ 5|SFXDF\ ~5F\TZ SZX[ VG[ pQDFG[ SFZ6[ YTM pHF"GM jII V8SFJX[P ll+HF lJ`JDF\ X]wW H/ GL ;D:IF C, YX[P

17 G[GM8[SGM,MHLG[ SFZ6[ GHLSGF ElJQIDF\ YGFZF ;]WFZF o RRMSS; u,MA, 5MhXlG\U l;:8D T{IFZ YX[4 H[ SN DF\ GFGL T[DH ;:TL CX[P VVlT h05L VG[ GFGF SMd%I]8Z AGX[P VV[JF VlT DHA]T 5NFYM" AGX[4 H[G]\ U,G lA\N].rKF D]HA AN,L XSFX[P ,,F\AM ;DI RF,[ T[JL A[8ZL JF/F ;[,OMG AGX[P GGJL VG[ V;ZSFZS lGNFG5‚lT T{IFZ YX[4 VG[ p5RFZ DF\ 5|UlT YX[P GGJF ;G:S|LG AGX[ H[ tJRFG[ tJlZT Z1F6 VF5X[P 55|SFXGL UlTV[ DFlCTLG]\ VFNFG5|NFG XSI AGX[P

18  EFlJ G[GM8[SGM,MHL o


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