1. Homo Timeline Elizabeth Miller Jacqueline Foulke Period 4

2. Homo habilis Short Disproportionately short arms Slightly less than half the amount of cranial capacity as modern day humans “Handy-Man” Lived 2.3-1.4 years ago Travel; Oldowan tools were found that made the scavenger lifestyle easier

3. Homo rudolfensis Larger brain case Longer face Larger molar and premolar teeth than Homo habilis Didn't have quite as heavy of a jaw - strong jaw attachments seen in robust early humans Lived 1.9 million years ago “KNM-ER 1470” Travel; May have used stone tools

4. Homo ergaster “Workman” Showed periodontal disease Broader nasal bones 1.9-1.4 million years ago Travel; Found for the most part in Africa

5. Homo georgicus “Dimanisi man” Small brain Travel was accomplished by using assemblage of stone tools and their ability to control fire Lived 1.8 million years ago Travel; May have been the first species of homo to settle in Europe

6. Homo erectus Between about 1.89 million and 70,000 years ago Possessed modern human- like body proportions Travel; Created large cutting tools like axes and cleavers allowed them to adapt and travel Possessed climbing adaptations, with the ability to walk and possibly run long distances “Upright man”

7. Homo cepranensis “Ceprano Man” Between 300,000 and 500,000 years ago Cranial features in between that of the Homo eructus and Homo heidelbergensis Travel;This species originated in Eurasia Has a massive shelf-like brow ridge

8. Homo antecessor Has a marked double- arched browridge Travel; It is the earliest dated hominid-bearing site in Europe proper The remains have been securely dated at over 780 kyr Reduced mandibular corpus thickness when compared to ergaster or early erectus

9. Homo heidelbergensis Between 600,000 and 400,000 years ago More advanced tools and behavior Larger brain case More muscular than modern humans Travel; Evidence of hunting “Heidelberg Man”

10. Homo rhodesiensis Between 300,000 and 125,000 years ago “Rhodesian man” Travel; Tools became more efficient possibly because of the rhodesiensis Undirect cranial capacity estimate is 1100 ml Has supratoral sculus morphology and presence of protuberance

11. Homo neanderthalensis Neanderthals show a very distinctive craniofacial morphology relative to modern human populations “Neanderthal” About 200,000 - 28,000 years ago Large middle part of the face, angled cheek bones, and a huge nose Travel; Bodies adapted to living in cold environments

12. Homo sapiens Highly developed brain “Modern Humans” About 200,000 years ago to present Travel; When first came about, they gathered and hunted food, and evolved behaviors that helped them respond to the challenges of survival in unstable environments Our jaws are less heavily developed, with smaller teeth

13. Reflections on Evolution We believe that humans evolved from prehistoric humans but not from monkeys, apes, chimpanzees, or gorillas. We believe this because the fact that we have one less chromosome that scientists say combined together over time doesn’t mean that we are the same. Also the fact that the monkey/human skulls could’ve just been another species, not necessarily a transition species.

14. Human Evolution Evidence From Apes Clear improvement of tools shown over a long period of time through improvement from ape to human Gain of knowledge (fire, hunting, utilize food) shown throughout the homo species over time Gain of language Population growth leading to natural selection Discovering and experimenting with new land

15. Ways Humans are still Evolving Shrinking brains over the past five thousand years, shrunk ten percent Lactose intolerance-began about 7,500 years ago Evolution may be accelerating Hundreds of our genes have changed over the past ten thousand years of human evolution Slowly evolving a defense against malaria