1. Guide to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Special Education Program at SUNY New Paltz

2. Learning the Basics of APA Style

3. Basics Double space entire paper including headings Two spaces after end punctuation in sentences (recommended) Use 10 pt to 12 pt Times New Roman or similar font 1 inch margins all around Indent paragraphs ½ inch Number pages consecutively beginning with the title page (Angeli et al., 2010)

4. Numbers Expressed in Words Use words to express numbers below 10 Use words anytime a number begins a sentence, title, or heading Common fractions one fifth of the class (APA, 2010, pg.112) Example

5. Formatting

6. Title Page Header The title page header includes: “Running Head” in a mixture of capital and lowercase letters followed by the title of the paper in all capital letters aligned to the left. At the far right of the page header is the page number (numbered consecutively). Running Head: APA FORMAT 1 (Note: The title page header includes “Running Head” and is different than the other pages) (Angeli et al., 2010) Example Running Head Colon Title Page #

7. Page Header Every page after the title page has a page header that includes the title of the paper in all capital letters aligned to the left and the page number (numbered consecutively) aligned to the right APA FORMAT 2 (Angeli et al., 2010) Page header is noted on the top of every page Example Title Page #

8. Title Page (APA, 2010, p. 41) Running head: APA FORMAT 1 APA Format Kathleen Golly State University of New York at New Paltz Running head Title of paper (capital letters) Page number Title of paper Author’s name Institutional Affiliation

9. Citing Sources

10. Plagiarism “Plagiarism is the representation, intentional or unintentional, of someone else's words or ideas as one's own” (State University of New York at New Paltz, n.d., para 4).

11. Penalties for Plagiarism Plagiarizing is a form of larceny punishable by a fine and may result in academic disciplinary action. “The academic penalty may range, for instance, from a reprimand accompanied by guidance about how to avoid plagiarism in the future to failure for the course (State University of New York at New Paltz, n.d., para 5).”

12. How to Avoid Plagiarism You must correctly cite the use of another person’s words or ideas in your paper. You must cite all direct quotes, paraphrases, and the use of other people’s ideas in your paper. If you use only an author’s ideas and change the words, you must clearly identify the source of the ideas. For more information on the New Paltz Academic Integrity Policy, visit http://www.newpaltz.edu/ugc/policies_integrity.html http://www.newpaltz.edu/ugc/policies_integrity.html For more information on types of plagiarism and how to avoid plagiarism, visit http://library.newpaltz.edu/assistance/plag.html http://library.newpaltz.edu/assistance/plag.html (State University of New York at New Paltz, n.d.)

13. In-text Citations: Paraphrases You must cite anything that is not your original idea or words Cite all paraphrases in the body of your paper (Author’s last name, year). The study supported the finding that children learn best through multisensory approaches (Smith, 2002). Punctuation mark outside parentheses (APA, 2010, p. 170-171) Example

14. In-text Citations: Direct Quotes You must cite anything that is not your original idea or words. Cite all direct quotes in the body of your paper. Write a lead-in phrase for direct quotes. Lead in phrase “__________” (Last name, year, p. #). OR Lead in phrase Last name (year) “_________________” (p. #). Do not start a sentence with a direct quote. According to Smith (2000) “___________”(p. 15). (APA, 2010, p. 171-172) Example

15. Direct Quote Formatting Examples Smith (2002) stated “___________”(p. 11). OR Children learn best by “______________” (Smith, 2002, p.11). OR Children learn best through “______” (Smith, 2002, p. 11) and hands-on learning experiences. Include page number Citation right after quote

16. Direct Quotes: Forty Words or Less Use quotation marks Keep the quote within the paragraph According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources" (p.199). (Angeli et al., 2010) Example

17. In-text Citations (Angeli et al., 2010) Type of citationFirst citation in text Subsequent citations in text Parenthetical format, first citation in text Parenthetical format, subsequent citations in text One work by one authorWalker (2007) (Walker, 2007) One work by two authorsWalker and Allen (2004) (Walker & Allen, 2004) One work by three authors Gilsenan, Ramirez, and Smith (1999) Gilsenan et al. (1999) (Gilsenan, Ramirez, & Smith, 1999) (Gilsenan et al., 1999) One work by four authors Gilsenan, Ramirez, Soo, and Smith (2008) Gilsenan et al. (2008) (Gilsenan, Ramirez, Soo, & Smith, 2008) (Gilsenan et al., 2008) One work by five authors Gilsenan, Ramirez, Hicks, Soo, and Smith (2003) Gilsenan et al. (2003) (Gilsenan, Ramirez, Hicks, Soo, & Smith, 2003) (Gilsenan et al., 2003) One work by six or more authorsSmith et al. (2005) (Smith et al., 2005) Groups (readily identified through abbreviation) as authors National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2003)NIMN (2003) (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2003)(NIMH, 2003) Groups (no abbreviation) as authors University of Pittsburgh (2005) (University of Pittsburgh, 2005)

18. In-text Citations: No Authors Unknown author: Cite by the title. -Titles of books and reports are italicized or underlined -Titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks. Example (“Behavior Management,” 2005). Organization as author: - Write out the organization’s full name the first time with any abbreviation in brackets (National Education Association [NEA], 2011). - Subsequent citations: use abbreviation (NEA, 2011). (Angeli et al., 2010) Example

19. 1. First: Decide what type of source it is 2. Next: Refer to your APA Style Guide 3. Locate sample citation and copy format exactly OR 1. Decide what type of source it is 2. Use the automatic citation feature of the database AND 3. Adjust the citation based on your APA Style Guide References

20. Common Reference Examples Basic Format for Books: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher. Article from Database: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article. Journal Title, 8(3), 120-125. doi: 000000001123 (Angeli et al., 2010)

21. Common Reference Examples Newspaper Article Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/ Nonperiodical Web Page Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://Web address (See APA manual or Purdue OWL for more detailed explanations and additional reference types) (Angeli et al., 2010)

22. Reference Page The reference list must be double-spaced, and entries should have a hanging indent (see example on next page) Entries must be listed in alphabetical order The word “References” should be centered at the top of the page (APA, 2010, p. 178)

23. Reference Page Sample (Angeli et al., 2010) APA FORMAT 23 References American Psychological Association (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., & Brizee, A. (2010). APA format and styling guide. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01 Hanging indent

24. References American Psychological Association (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., & Brizee, A. (2010). APA format and styling guide. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01 Bachand, R. G., & Sawallis, P. P. (2003). Accuracy in the identification of scholarly and peer- reviewed journals and the peer-review process across disciplines. Serials Librarian, 45(2), 39-59. Retrieved from http://serialslibrarian.us/ Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Combs, J. P., Slate, J. R., & Frels, R. K. (2009). Editorial: Evidence-based guidelines for avoiding the most common APA errors in journal article submissions. Research in the Schools, 16(2), 1. Retrieved from http://www.msstate.edu/ State University of New York at New Paltz (n.d.). Academic integrity. In Academic policies and procedures. Retrieved from http://www.newpaltz.edu/advising/policies_integrity.html