1. RTLS systems rev 2016-03-15 this is now slide 1do not print it to pdf things to do (check off when complete): add revision date to cover page remove triangles create list for pages to print in the handout 2-8,11 add captions for photo slides incorporate notes taken during presentation add Key Points page 3 useful characters: ° degrees‎Ω ohmsμ microλ lambda ☑ checkbox ☐ slash-zero ØCO 2 O 2 SpO 2 N 2 O ® ™ trademarks à 224 E0 á 225 E1 â 226 E2 ã 227 E3 ä 228 E4 å 229 E5 æ 230 E6 ç 231 E7 Ð 208 D0 è 232 E8 é 233 E9 ê 234 EA ë 235 EB ì 236 EC í 237 ED î 238 EE ï 239 EF Ñ 209 D1 Ò 210 D2 Ó 211 D3 Ô 212 D4 Õ 213 D5 Ö 214 D6 Ø 216 D8 ß 223 DF Þ 222 DE Ù 217 D9 Ú 218 DA Û 219 DB Ü 220 DC Ý 221 DD Þ 222 DE ß 223 DF

2. Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS) in Healthcare © D. J. McMahon 150314rev cewood 2016-03-15

3. Key Points RTLS Systems: "RTLS system" is approved by the Department of Redundancy Department. ref: "ATM machine" RTLS: Real-time Location System RTLS can include: radio (RFID), infrared, ultrasound, passive and active devices Generic system: Tags & Badges Communication platform (Wi-Fi, infra-red, U/S) Hardware (readers or exciters) Server, software, display two approaches: Locating at choke points Locating in relative coordinates RFID: Radio Frequency Identification, can be used in a RTLS system. Busy, profitable market with many participants.

4. RTLS is used to automatically identify and track the location of assets or people in real time in a medical center. -Wireless RTLS tags are attached to objects or worn by people. -Fixed reference points receive signals from the tags to determine their location. -The reference points send data to central servers and monitoring terminals with proprietary software to display a global view of all assets and staff. -Many RTLS systems use both IR and RF to track equipment or staff.

5. RTLS vs RFID: RTLS: Real-time Location System Uses active tags to locate high-value assets and people in real time, enterprise-wide. This term does not imply any particular technology but it does imply comprehensive coverage. That is, Locating assets in Real Time. RTLS can include: radio (RFID), infrared, ultrasound, passive and active devices. Accuracy: Typically from sub-1 meter to 3 meters Usage: Asset management, staff safety, patient / consumer tracking. Mostly in healthcare. RFID: Radio Frequency Identification One method used for RTLS, also for non-realtime systems Electronic identification technology that uses small, inexpensive, passive tags. Communication is by radio; Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, possibly ISM & WMTS systems Accuracy: Badges are only readable and locatable close to RFID readers Usage: Warehousing, retail, other logistics

6. RTLS has evolved from asset tracking to tracking of staff, patients (includes neonates), and hand- washing usage. Generic system: -Tags & Badges -Communication platform (Wi-Fi, infra-red, U/S) -Hardware (readers or exciters) -Server, software, display Current systems can track from floor or unit, to a specific room, bed, or even shelf.

7. Multiple RTLS approaches A number of disparate system designs are all referred to as "real-time locating systems", but there are two primary system design elements: Locating at choke points The simplest form of choke point locating is where short range ID signals from a moving tag are received by a single fixed reader in a sensory network, thus indicating the location coincidence of reader and tag. This location can be relayed, usually via a second wireless channel, to a location processor. Locating in relative coordinates ID signal from a tag is received by a multiplicity of readers in a sensory network, and a position is estimated using one or more locating algorithms. Equivalently, ID signals from several RTLS reference points can be received by a tag, and relayed back to a location processor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_locating_system

8. and now... a tour of some of the participants in this bu$y, profitable market: Ekahau HP Versus IBM Centrak Intelligent InSites Radianse

11. RTLS reduces costs due to misplaced, lost, or stolen equipment, the staff time wasted trying to locate it, and the under- utilization of equipment.