1. Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase  Was the Louisiana Purchase best for the future of America and were Jefferson’s actions constitutional?

2. 1. Jefferson’s Presidency b. The Louisiana Purchase i. U.S. Interest in the Mississippi River  1791–1803–Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee, & Ohio added to U.S.  Country continued to expand and move west  Westerners depend on Miss. River and city of New Orleans for trade  Jefferson worries foreign countries might shut them down and draw U.S. into a war

3. 1. Jefferson’s Presidency  1800 - Spain owned Louisiana, French leader Napoleon Bonaparte forced Spain to sell LA back to France (lost it in 1763)  Before Spain left in 1802, they shut New Orleans down to Americans (claimed Americans were avoiding paying fees to Spanish for right to deposit good in NO for export)

4. 1. Jefferson’s Presidency ii. Negotiations  Jefferson sent James Monroe & Robert Livingston to France to purchase New Orleans from France for up to $10 million  Napoleon, needing money to fight a war against Britain, offers to sell entire Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for $15 Million  U.S. delegates quickly jump on the offer & accepted

5. 1. Jefferson’s Presidency iii. Constitutional Predicament  Most American felt the Louisiana Purchase was good for U.S., but some (including Jefferson) felt it was unconstitutional to purchase it  Federalists and Jefferson argued the constitution, strictly interpreted did not allow the President to purchase foreign lands Constitutional Powers of President l. Be commander in chief of the Army and Navy when called into service. 2. Require the opinion of the principal officer in each executive department. 3. Have power to grand reprieves and pardons. 4. Make treaties. 5. Nominate and appoint ambassadors, judges of the Supreme Court and all other officers of the United States. 6. Fill up all vacancies during the recess of the Senate. 7. Give to Congress information of the state of the union. 8. Recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. 9. On extraordinary occasions convene both Houses, or either of them. 10. Receive ambassadors and other public ministers. 11. Take care that the laws be faithfully executed. 12. Commission all the officers of the United States.

6. 1. Jefferson’s Presidency iii. Constitutional Predicament  Other arguments were made against the LA Purchase:  What would the U.S. do with Indian tribes in LA?  Would slavery spread to new LA territory?  How to incorporate French inhabitants of the LA territory into mostly Protestant, Anglo-American country (especially extremely diverse city of New Orleans)?

7. 1. Jefferson’s Presidency iii. Constitutional Predicament  Having already purchased it, TJ submitted the LA Territory to Congress as a presidential treaty, which was in the constitution…problem solved  Question of Indians would be answered over the next 100 years (reservations & slaughter)  LA was allowed to keep its predominately French culture by adopting French Napoleonic legal code & maintaining French language & culture

8. 1. Jefferson’s Presidency iv. Consequences  Louisiana Purchase = 828,000 square miles or 529,920,000 acres  $15 million = 4 cents/acre (1803 value)  $236 million = 42 cents/acre (2013 value)

10. 1. Jefferson’s Presidency  The Purchase:  Gave France $$$ for war with Britain  Doubled the size of U.S.  Removed a European power from America’s western border  Strengthened Jefferson’s hope of U.S being a farm- based land  Made Jefferson & the D-R Party more popular…made Federalists (who opposed it) look weak

11. MAP 9.2 Louisiana Purchase