1. SYNOVIAL JOINTS … THEIR ACTIONS & THE MAIN MUSCLES INVOLVED IN MOVING THESE JOINTS WCED GRADE 12 REVISION DANCE STUDIES 2013

2. Movement happens where two bones meet This is called a joint There are different types of joints in our body and each joint moves in a specific way We will focus on the joints/ body parts we use most in dancing and some of the MAIN muscles that MOVE these joints.

3. WELCOME TO THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF JOINTS & MUSCLES

4. HINGE JOINTS = 2 ACTIONS

5. What movements can these joints do? THE ELBOW & THE KNEE Where will you find these joints? REMEMBER … 2 ACTIONS !

6. 1 st ACTION = FLEXION shortening/closing/bending this joint KNEE FLEXION & ELBOW FLEXION

7. IN THE BACK OF YOUR THIGH = HAMSTRINGS 1.FLEXION (bend) YOUR KNEE – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT?

8. IN THE FRONT OF YOUR UPPER ARM = BICEPS BRACHII TIP: Remember the two B ’s B iceps B ends 2. FLEXION (bend) YOUR ELBOW – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT?

9. 2 nd ACTION = EXTENSION lengthening/opening/straightening this joint KNEE EXTENSION & ELBOW EXTENSION

10. IN THE FRONT OF YOUR THIGH = QUADRICEPS (Quad means 4 – you do not have to learn each of the 4 muscles, just the group) 1.EXTENSION (straighten) YOUR KNEE – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT?

11. IN THE BACK OF YOUR UPPER ARM = TRICEPS BRACHII 1.EXTENSION (straighten) YOUR ELBOW – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT?

12. BALL & SOCKET JOINTS = 5 ACTIONS

13. What movements can these joints do? THE SHOULDER & THE HIP Where will you find these joints? REMEMBER … 5 ACTIONS !

14. 1 st ACTION = FLEXION shortening/closing this joint SHOULDER FLEXION & HIP FLEXION FLEXION = TO THE FRONT OF THE BODY

15. IN THE FRONT OF YOUR CHEST = PECTORALIS MAJOR SHOULDER FLEXION (lift) YOUR ARM TO THE FRONT – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT? AND THE SHOULDER = DELTOID

16. IN THE FRONT OF YOUR THIGH = QUADRICEPS (QUAD means 4) HIP FLEXION (lift) YOUR LEG TO THE FRONT – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT? & THE INSIDE OF YOUR THIGH= SARTORIUS (the longest muscle in the body)

17. 2 nd ACTION = EXTENSION lengthening / opening this joint SHOULDER EXTENSION & HIP EXTENSION EXTENSION = TO THE BACK OF THE BODY

18. IN YOUR BACK = LATISSIMUS DORSI SHOULDER EXTENSION (lift) YOUR ARM TO THE BACK – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT? AND THE SHOULDER = DELTOID

19. IN BACK OF YOUR THIGH = HAMSTRINGS HIP EXTENSION (lift) YOUR LEG TO THE BACK – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT? AND YOUR BOTTOM = GLUTEUS MAXIMUS (the largest muscle in the body)

20. 3 rd ACTION = ABDUCTION moving a joint away from the mid line of the body SHOULDER ABDUCTION & HIP ABDUCTION ABDUCTION = TO THE SIDE OF THE BODY – MOVING AWAY FROM THE MID LINE

21. IN YOUR SHOULDER = DELTOID SHOULDER ABDUCTION (lift) YOUR ARM TO THE SIDE– WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT?

22. IN YOUR HIP = GLUTEUS MEDIUS HIP ABDUCTION (lift) YOUR LEG TO THE SIDE– WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT? & GLUTEUS MINIMUS (both are found on the side of the hip & lie under the gluteus maximus)

23. 4 th ACTION = ADDUCTION moving a joint towards the mid line of the body SHOULDER ADDUCTION & HIP ADDUCTION ADDUCTION = MOVING TOWARDS THE MID LINE

24. IN YOUR CHEST = PECTORALIS MAJOR SHOULDER ADDUCTION (bring) YOUR ARM TO THE CENTRE OF YOUR BODY – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT?

25. IN YOUR INNER THIGH = ADDUCTORS HIP ADDUCTION (bring) YOUR LEG TO THE CENTRE OF YOUR BODY – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT?

26. 5 TH ACTION = SHOULDER ROTATION THESE ARE THE 4 MUSCLES THAT MAKE UP THE ROTATOR CUFF (You do not have to learn these 4 muscles)

27. 5 TH ACTION = HIP ROTATION INWARD ROTATION (turning in the legs - towards the mid line) OUTWARD ROTATION (turning out the legs – away from the mid line)

28. IN YOUR HIP = GLUTEUS MEDIUS GLUTEUS MINIMUS (both are found on the side of the hip & lie under the gluteus maximus) INWARD/ MEDIAL ROTATION (turn) YOUR LEGS TOWARS THE CENTRE OF YOUR BODY – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT?

29. IN YOUR BOTTOM = GLUTEUS MAXIMUS OUTWARD/ LATERAL ROTATION (turn) YOUR LEGS OUT/ AWAY FROM THE CENTRE OF YOUR BODY – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT? & YOUR INSIDE THIGH = SARTORIUS

30. ANKLE JOINT = 4 ACTIONS DORSIFLEXION PLANTARFLEXION EVERSION INVERSION We will only concentrate on the first TWO actions which we use in dance

31. 1 st ACTION = DORSIFLEXION TO LIFT THE METATARSAL OFF THE FLOOR 2 nd ACTION = PLANTARFLEXION TO LIFT THE HEEL OFF THE FLOOR

32. IN THE FRONT OF YOUR LOWER LEG = TIBIALIS ANTERIOR DORSIFLEXION (lift) YOUR METATARSAL (off the floor) – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT?

33. IN THE BACK OF YOUR LOWER LEG = GASTROCNEMIUS & SOLEUS PLANTARFLEXION (lift) YOUR HEEL OFF THE FLOOR – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT?

34. TORSO/ THE SPINE = 4 ACTIONS FLEXION EXTENSION LATERAL FLEXION ROTATION

35. 1 st ACTION = FLEXION BEND TO THE FRONT – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT IN THE FRONT OF YOUR TORSO = RECTUS ABDOMINUS

36. 2 nd ACTION = EXTENSION BEND TO THE BACK – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT IN THE BACK OF YOUR TORSO = ERECTOR SPINAE

37. 3 RD ACTION = LATERAL FLEXION (lateral means - the side of the body) BEND TO THE SIDE – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT IN THE SIDE OF YOUR TORSO = EXTERNAL OBLIQUES IN THE SIDE OF YOUR NECK = STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

38. 4 TH ACTION = ROTATION TURN YOUR HEAD – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT IN THE SIDE OF YOUR NECK = STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

39. 4 TH ACTION = ROTATION TWIST YOUR SPINE – WHERE DO YOU FEEL IT IN THE SIDE OF YOUR TORSO = INTERNAL OBLIQUES EXTERNAL OBLIQUES (stabilizer)

40. ENJOY THE IMAGES THAT FOLLOW BODY WORLDS The Original Exhibition of Real Human Bodies. This is the first exhibition of its kind to inform the visitor about anatomy by viewing real human bodies. Since the beginning of the exhibition more than 35 million visitors in over 70 cities have seen the world’s most successful special exhibition so far.

44. SORRY!

47. WE HOPE YOU HAVE ENJOYED THIS SESSION