1. End of the War EQ: How did the Americans finally defeat the British, and earn their independence?EQ: How did the Americans finally defeat the British, and earn their independence?

2. Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

3. Britain’s “Southern Strategy” Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South. Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving. The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside

4. New Orleans and Spain Spain offered U.S. ships safe port in New OrleansSpain offered U.S. ships safe port in New Orleans Spanish Gov. Bernardo de Galvez provided money and supplies to the Continental Army in the South.Spanish Gov. Bernardo de Galvez provided money and supplies to the Continental Army in the South. Why did Spain decide to help after Saratoga?Why did Spain decide to help after Saratoga? –Hint: End of the French and Indian War result Spain wanted Florida back, which had been taken after the F&I War.Spain wanted Florida back, which had been taken after the F&I War.

5. Major Southern Battles Savannah, GA and Charleston, SC capturedSavannah, GA and Charleston, SC captured Battle of Camden, SCBattle of Camden, SC Battle of King’s Mountain (border of NC & SC)Battle of King’s Mountain (border of NC & SC) Battle of Guilford Courthouse, NCBattle of Guilford Courthouse, NC Battle of Cowpen’s (SC)Battle of Cowpen’s (SC)

6. Battle at Cowpens (SC) Gen. Daniel Morgan had ½ of the Southern Army under his commandGen. Daniel Morgan had ½ of the Southern Army under his command Sent a scout unit ahead to engage the main British Army and then retreat.Sent a scout unit ahead to engage the main British Army and then retreat. –British chased the small unit in an attempt to kill them, and ran into the main American force, including cavalry. After the Southern campaign, Cornwallis needed reinforcements and fled to Virginia to meet the Royal NavyAfter the Southern campaign, Cornwallis needed reinforcements and fled to Virginia to meet the Royal Navy

7. The Battle of Yorktown (1781) Count de Rochambeau Admiral De Grasse

8. British General Lord Cornwallis moved his troops to Virginia to set up camp and wait for reinforcements. The time was right for Washington to set the ultimate trap. James Armistead (a slave) was a double spy and gave Washington information Washington had over 16,000 American and French soldiers ready to fight Cornwallis was not impressed, he opted to board British ships and sail to New York Before he could leave, a fleet of French battleships sailed into the Bay…Cornwallis was now trapped.

11. Washington would lead a three week attack on the British

12. Trapped, Lord Cornwallis surrendered on Oct 17, 1781…the Americans had won their INDEPENDENCE! MapsMaps

13. Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation United States gained all land east of the Mississippi River from Canada to Florida U.S. agreed to ask the States to return property seized from loyalists…Most states refused, especially MA (shocker).