1. Safe Harbor Cohasset Coalition Current Drug Trends Massachusetts October 22, 2015

2. National Survey Results* Drugs In Our Schools  17% of high school students say they smoke, drink or use drugs during the school day  86% of teens say they know which peers are abusing substances during the school day  60% of high school students say they can purchase drugs at school * Monitoring the Future National Survey 2014 CASA 2012

3. Alcohol 3  The most widely abused drug by teens and adults  Children under the age of 21 drink 11% of the alcohol consumed in the U.S.  19% MA HS students reported current binge drinking (increased with grade level)  11% MA HS students reported having the first alcohol drink before the age of 13

4. Alcohol Trends 4  Drinking games  Alco-Pop drinks  Alcohol and energy drinks  Pocket Shots  Boozie Bears  Vodka eye-ball shots  Extracts (Lemon, Mint)  Hand Sanitizer  “Smoking” alcohol  Palcohol- powdered

5. Dirty Sprite -A Drug Cocktail  Mixture of codeine/promethazine cough syrup or DXM Dimetapp DM, Nyquil, Coricidin, Delsym, Vicks 44 etc. with:  Mountain Dew or Sprite ®  Crushed prescription drugs (Xanax, Oxycodone, Vicodin etc.)  Often add LifeSavers ® or Jolly Ranchers ®  AKA “Lean”, “Purple Drank” or “Sizzurp”  Causes hallucinations, delirium  Gateway to potential addiction

6. It’s not the 70s! Marijuana is Addictive Statistics  9% or 1 in 11 of all users will become addicted  17% or 1 in 6 teen users will become addicted  25-50% of daily teen users will become addicted  THC concentrations in today’s marijuana sky- rocketing!  1970s levels averaged 4%  2014 levels averaged 14.5%- with some strains containing 30%. Translation: Almost 4X-almost 7X Strong er

7. Delivery Mechanisms  Joints  Bowls/pipes  One hitters  ECigs  Vaporizers 7  Bongs  Blunts  Jewelry  Edibles  Hookahs

8. Electronic Cigarettes  Marketed to teens-flavored  Use is high among teens nationally  Must be 18 in Cohasset  Add concentrated THC/ hash oil  Stronger high  No telltale marijuana odor  AKA- PVs (Personal Vaporizers) and ENDS (Electronic Nicotine Delivery System)

9. Dabbing  New concentrated form  Made with most potent part of plant heated by butane  AKA-Ear wax, canna wax, honey oil, dabs  80% THC reported  Overdose potential

10. Edible Marijuana 60% of youth living in a medical marijuana state had used an edible vs. 40% in a non-medical marijuana state.  Oral ingestion increases THC level vs. smoking  Effect takes 30 minutes  Could lead to overdose potential and hallucinations  Baked Goods  Candy Weed  THC Infused Drinks

11. Marijuana’s Deleterious Effects Why postponing marijuana use is key?  Prefrontal Cortex, the center for executive functioning and decision making is not fully developed until age of 25.  Marijuana “attacks” the prefrontal cortex of teen users, potentially causing irreversible damage.  Research shows that daily use by teens can lower IQ by 8 points.  Marijuana effects physical coordination causing sports challenges  High doses can cause psychosis and panic attacks  Marijuana impairs judgment- 14% of people who die in auto accidents have marijuana in their blood.

12. “ Synthetic Marijuana” (New Psychoactive Substances)  Herbal mixture laced with ever-changing synthetic compounds- (cocaine/LSD/MDMA/Meth etc.)  Marketed as “legal highs/designer drugs”  Sold on the web/ convenience stores  AKA herbal incense, bath salts, jewelry cleaner or plant food  Symptoms: vomiting, anxiety, agitation, irritability, seizures, hallucinations, elevated BP, organ damage, even death

13. Prescription Drugs  Painkillers, depressants and stimulants  Every day 2,500 youth age 12 to 17 abuse a pain reliever for the very first time in the U.S.  More teens abuse Rx drugs than any illicit drug except marijuana  2013- 13% of MA HS students reported “ever” taking a prescription drug that was not their own.  3% of MA HS students reported current use  2013, 4% of middle school students reported “ever” taking a prescription drug that were not their own.  2% of middle school reported current use  13

14. Why? Our Town  Cohasset  7 overdoses and 2 fatalities- 2014  2 fatalities of Cohasset men out of town-2014  YTD 2 overdoses- 2015  4 fatalities of young Cohasset adults out of town- YTD 2015 Overdose deaths claim a life every 8 days on the South Shore

15. The Facts  Opioid deaths doubled in 10 years  More die from opioids in MA than from car crashes  4507 ER visits in MA in 2013 due to overdoses from opioids  80% of those who detox will relapse without further treatment  1702 newborns exposed to opioids during pregnancy from April 2014-December 2014  Painkillers #1 Cause of death in 17 states  105 Americans die each day from heroin/opioid overdoses  300,000 Americans are projected to be using opioids currently  Addicts live 15 fewer years than the average.  Cohasset/Dover virtual tie as the highest stimulant script/ capita in Norfolk County

16. How does it start? Identifying some of the Causals  50% attributed to genetic predisposition  Lack of education about drugs, parental naiveté  Relaxed impressions about marijuana use-gateway drug  100% of opiate users report starting with marijuana  95% of youths under 19 presenting for treatment-marijuana addiction  Teenage brain still developing until 25  Prevalence of alcohol use in teens leads to risk taking behavior  Over prescribing of opioids- 80% of people with substance use disorders start with prescription pain killers or benzos  Low cost of heroin- $3 /hit  Unsafe disposal of prescription meds  Lack of knowledge- gabapentin, Lyrica, fentanyl  Prevalence of pill parties  Selling stimulants- Adderall and Ritalin  Increase teen usage of E-cigarettes

17. What is the source of the opioids?  54% got them from a friend or relative–free  15% stole or bought them from someone they knew  4% got them a dealer

18. Heroin  Opiate reduces sensitivity to pain  Injected, snorted, and smoked  Snorting/smoking heroin gained popularity to the misperception that it is less addictive using this method  Heroin of the 70s was only 3% pure  Heroin today is close to 99% pure  Lacing it with Fentanyl  MA had some of the highest rates for heroin overdose emergency room visits in the U.S.  South Shore Hospital- ED overdoses  2015 YTD overall increase of 32% over 2014  2014- 8 Cohasset patients  2015 YTD-13 Cohasset patients  62% Increase in Cohasset residents seeking treatment. 18

19. Cocaine  Anecdotal evidence points to a resurgence in Cohasset  Strong central nervous system stimulant - increases levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in brain circuits regulating pleasure and movement.  Vulnerability to cocaine is much higher in the teen years, when the brain is developing, increasing risks for addiction  Constricts blood vessels, dilates pupils, increases body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Suppresses appetite can lead to dramatic weight loss.  Signs-loss of the sense of smell, nosebleeds, problems with swallowing, hoarseness, a chronically runny nose.  Snorted- 30 minute high  Injected/smoked- rapid delivery 5-10 minute high  Combination of cocaine and heroin (“speedball”) carries a particularly high risk of fatal overdose.

20. Parent Websites  Community of Concern - Parent Site  http://www.thecommunityofconcern.org http://www.thecommunityofconcern.org  MVParents - Parent Site (Search Institute Sponsored)  https://www.parentfurther.com https://www.parentfurther.com  Not My Kid. Org - Parent Site  http://www.notmykid.org http://www.notmykid.org  The Partnership for a Drug-Free American - Parent Site  http://www.drugfree.org http://www.drugfree.org  National Institute on Drug Abuse  http://www.drugabuse.gov/parents-teachers http://www.drugabuse.gov/parents-teachers

21. Where can you find us?  www.facebook.com/safeharborcohasset www.facebook.com/safeharborcohasset  www.safeharborcohasset.org www.safeharborcohasset.org  safeharborcohasset@gmail.com safeharborcohasset@gmail.com  Twitter  Instagram