1. Knowledge, Innovation, Territory ESPON-SCALES Seminar Bern (4/5/2012) A short project overview Marco Kellenberger, ECP CH/FL Innovation and Space The ESPON project “KIT”

2. The KIT-project is currently in its final stage, the final report will be published later in 2012 It was not possible to organize a presentation by someone from the KIT project team itself, so the KIT-project is presented today not in detail but just as an “appetizer” The Swiss ECP was not directly involved in the project and would like to thank the Lead Partner (BEST, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, Prof. Roberta Capello) for the support when preparing this short presentation Important introductory remarks 2

3. The project team Lead Partner (LP): BEST, Politecnico di Milano, Italy: Project Coordinator: Prof. Roberta Capello (Full Professor in Regional Economics) Project Manager: Camilla Lenzi (Assistant Professor) Prof. Roberto Camagni (Full Professor in Urban Economics) Dr. Andrea Caragliu (Post-Doc Fellow) Project Partner 2 (PP2): CRENOs, University of Cagliari, Italy: Prof. Raffaele Paci (Full Professor of Applied Economics) Proff. Emanuela Marrocu and Stefano Usai (Associate Professors of Econometrics and Economics) Dr. Alessandra Colombelli (Post-Doc Fellow) Dr. Marta Foddi (Research Assistant) Project Partner 3 (PP3): AQR, University of Barcelona, Spain: Prof. Rosina Moreno (Full Professor in Applied Economics) Prof. Jordi Suriñach (Full Professor in Applied Economics) Prof. Raúl Ramos (Associate Professor in Applied Economics) Dr. Ernest Miguélez (Technical Researcher and PhD student)

4. The project team Project Partner 4 (PP4): LSE, Great Britain: Dr. Riccardo Crescenzi (Lecturer in Economic Geography) Prof. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose (Professor in Economic Geography) Prof. Michael Storper (Professor in Economic Geography) Project Partner 5 (PP5): University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia: Prof. Milan Buček (Full Professor in Regional Economics and Policy) Dr. Miroslav Šipikal (Coordinator - Senior Lecturer) Dr. Rudolf Pástor (Lecturer) Project Partner 6 (PP6): University of Cardiff, Great Britain: Prof. Phil Cooke (Full Research Professor in Regional Economic Development) Dr. Selyf Morgan (Researcher) Julie Porter (Support Coordinator)

5. General goal of the KIT project To contribute to the understanding of: -diffusion processes of knowledge and innovation and -the socio-economic impacts of innovation and knowledge in space,  in order to identify the best innovation policies to foster a “smart Europe”.

6. Main ideas throughout the project -R&D (and formal knowledge in general) does not necessarily equal innovation; -innovation does not necessarily equal regional growth.  these linkages are strongly mediated by local territorial assets.

7. Project structure / outputs B) Territorial elements explaining spatial trends. Different modes of innovation and knowledge creation and diffusion. A comparison with other regional knowledge economies in more advanced and emerging countries Output: typologies of territorial patterns of innovation WP 2 3.1 and 2.5 A) Main spatial trends of innovation and knowledge. (both endogenous knowledge creation and flows from outside) Output: typologies of innovative regions WP 2.1 and 2.2 C) Impact of the different modes of innovation and knowledge on regional performance. Output: typologies of regional performance based on innovation and knowledge WP 2.3.2 D) Case studies WP 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 E) Policy implications for the development of a successful knowledge economy WP 2.6

8. Technologically Advanced Regions in EU In 2007 technologically advanced regions, hosting both high-tech manufacturing industries and KIS (knowledge intensive services), are the minority of regions. Moreover, a relatively high number of regions are specialised in low- tech sectors.

9. Technologically Advanced Regions in EU Zürich, Arc Lémanique und Tessin = advanced services regions red = technologically advanced regions (TAR)

10. Scientific regions In 2007 scientific regions, hosting both higher than average human capital and research activity indicators, are limited. What is even more striking is the high number of regions with no specialisation in knowledge activities.

11. Knowledge Economy in Europe The Knowledge Economy in Europe shows a very fragmented picture. What is striking from this map is the high number of regions in which the knowledge economy is still in its infancy.

12. Knowledge Economy in Europe Same pattern as with technologically advanced regions Red = integrated knowledge economy regions Blue = scientific and networking regions (light blue: TAR and networking regions; yellow: networking regions only)

13. Territorial patterns of innovation Territorial patterns of innovation: different combinations of modes of performing the different phases of the innovation process and context conditions.

14. Territorial patterns of innovation

15. 12 case studies 6 case studies on best practice of knowledge creation: - Electronics (Pisa, Tuscany) - Automotive in Piedmont - Biotech in Oxford - ICT in Cambridge - ICT in Kosice - ICT in Bratislava 6 case studies on best practice of knowledge acquisition: - Wine in Tuscany area; - Wood processing in Banska Bystrica region - Digital media in Cardiff (Wales) - Food sector in West Wales - ICT Milan (Lombardy) - Automotive in Bratislava region

16. Key policy messages (1) Key messages useful to build innovation policies emerge: 1.the knowledge-economy shows a very differentiated and fragmented spatial pattern in Europe; 2.for many European regions the knowledge economy is still in its infancy; 3.“scientific regions”, where most of R&D is located, innovate just slightly more than all other knowledge economy regions in Europe; 4.the way to a smart growth - calling for the achievement of 3% of the EU’s GDP (public and private) to be invested in R&D/innovation - is still a long way off;

17. Key policy messages (2) 6. the pathways towards innovation and modernization are differentiated among regions according to local specificities; 7.R&D and higher education are special features of only some of the possible innovation paths; 8.R&D is translated into GDP growth in regions where a critical mass of R&D is located; 9.innovation has an impact on GDP growth if a critical mass of innovation is present in the region; 10.. in order to increase its regional innovation capacity, Europe needs normative interventions towards thematically/regionally focused innovation policies

18. To gain a more detailed insight into the methodology, results etc. please consult the ESPON Website: www.espon.euwww.espon.eu = Projects = Applied Research = KIT There you will also find the necessary information to contact the Lead Partner (Politecnico di Milano: roberta.capello@polimi.it or camilla.lenzi@polimi.it) directly.roberta.capello@polimi.it camilla.lenzi@polimi.it One last information: there will be an ESPON Workshop on Innovation and Knowledge in September 2012 where also the KIT-results will be presented and discussed in details. Further information 18