2. Unit 8 Focus on Global Warming

3. page 22016-6-8 Presentation Contents  Introduction  Language Points  Text Analysis  Detailed Reading

4. page 32016-6-8 Presentation 1. What is the global warming and how it works? 2. How do people contribute to the effect of global warming? 3. The effect of global warming? 4. Possible solutions?

5. page 42016-6-8 Presentation Global warming means an average increase in the Earth’s temperature which causes climate change in turn.

6. page 52016-6-8 Presentation Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can warm the earth by trapping heat energy. But the problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. Therefore, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere. It is the increased amount of carbon dioxide that is resulting in global warming. the cause

7. page 62016-6-8 Presentation Over the last 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by 1~2 degree and if human beings continue to pump green house gases into the Earth’s atmosphere, the global warming will cause dramatic climate changes.

8. page 72016-6-8 Presentation Increase of global average temperature for the last 20 years

9. page 82016-6-8 Presentation Things that use energy around us or at any other places: In a house

10. page 92016-6-8 Presentation Things that use energySources of energy lights television cassette player computer fridge stove washing machine hairdryer video recorder coal oil natural gas wind(power) sun(solar energy) water(hydro-electric power) the sea ( tidal energy) uranium(nuclear energy) plant waster(biomass energy)

11. page 102016-6-8 Presentation Windmills, renewable. What? Renewable?

12. page 112016-6-8 Presentation What? What kind? Renewable? A coal power station, non-renewable.

13. page 122016-6-8 Presentation What? What kind? Renewable? An oil refinery( 精炼厂 ), non-renewable.

14. page 132016-6-8 Presentation What? What kind? Renewable? A nuclear power plant, non-renewable.

15. page 142016-6-8 Presentation What? What kind? Renewable? A hydro-electric dam, renewable.

16. page 152016-6-8 Presentation Geothermal ( 地热的 ) Energy Plant

17. page 162016-6-8 Presentation  Coal  Oil  Natural gas  Wind (wind power)  Sun (solar energy)  Water (hydro-electric power)  Plant waste (biomass energy)  Hot springs (geothermal energy)  The sea (tidal energy) Fossil fuels Non-renewable Renewable

18. page 172016-6-8 Presentation How do humans contribute to the effect of global warming ？ Burning natural gas, coal, and oil Electricity generation Deforestation Many factories produce long-lasting industrial gases Population growth

19. page 182016-6-8 Presentation  Polar Bears

20. page 192016-6-8 Presentation Penguins

21. page 202016-6-8 Presentation What else will happen with global warming?

22. page 212016-6-8 Presentation 3. The effect of global warming.  (1) the sea level to rise  (2) severe storms  (3) drought  (4) famines  (5) the spread of diseases  (6) the destruction of species

23. page 222016-6-8 Presentation Possible Solutions to Global Warming

24. page 232016-6-8 Presentation Solutions to Global Warming  Conservation  Reduce energy needs  Recycling  Alternate energy sources  Nuclear  Wind  Geothermal  Hydroelectric  Solar  Fusion?

25. page 242016-6-8 Presentation Simple Things To Do Turn off your computer or the TV when you’re not using it. Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy. Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains. Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

26. page 252016-6-8 Presentation Simple Things To Do Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up the air conditioning. Or use a fan. Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning up the heat. Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC clean. Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the car. Plant a tree. Recycle.

27. page 262016-6-8 Presentation Language Points

28. Detailed reading1– abundant abundant a. more than enough e.g. There is abundant evidence of continuing racial prejudice in society. Yunnan has abundant hydropower resources. Derivation: abundantly ad. abundance n. e.g. There was an abundance of wine at the wedding. There was an abundance of corn last year

29. Detailed reading1– attest attest vt. / vi. to demonstrate, to declare to be true e.g. The luxurious furnishings attested to the family’s wealth. The perfection of their design is attested by the fact that they have survived for thousands of years. Collocation: attest (to) sth. Derivation: attestation n.

30. page 292016-6-8 Presentation  awash adj. 被淹没的, 泛滥的 e.g. These rocks are awash at high tide. The ship's deck was awash in the storm. ~ with sth having sth in large quantities: The city is awash with drugs. The computer market is awash with software for every kind of computer.

31. Detailed reading1-- consciousness 1 consciousness n. 1) the condition of being awake and understanding what is happening e.g. When will the patient regain his consciousness? The blow caused him to lose consciousness. 2) all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc. of a person or people e.g. Love for freedom runs deep in the national consciousness. This experience helped to change her social consciousness.

32. Detailed reading1– consciousness 2 Collocation: consciousness of sth. / that … awareness of sth. / that … regain / recover consciousness 恢复意识，恢复知觉 lose consciousness 失去意识，失去知觉 e.g. Her consciousness that she’s different makes her feel uneasy. Antonym: unconsciousness

33. Detailed reading1– consciousness 3 Comparison: subconscious a. 潜意识的 conscience n. 良心 conscientious a. （指人或行为）认真的，尽责的

34. Detailed reading1– curb curb vt. 克制，约束 to stop something that is harmful e.g. He needs to learn to curb his temper. The only way to curb the spread of the disease is by immunizing the entire population.

35. Detailed reading1– decompose decompose v. 1) (cause to) decay e.g. The meat began to decompose after some time in the sun. decomposition n. 2) to separate into components or basic elements e.g. Microbes decompose organic waste into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Synonym: decay, rot, break down Antonym:compose

36. emission n. the act of sending forth; discharge Detailed reading1– emission e.g. The Green Party have called for a substantial reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases by the UK. The machine emits a high-pitched sound when you press the button. Derivation: emit v. to send out sth such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc e.g.

37. Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health problems. Detailed reading1– excess 1 excess a. extra or additional (to the usual or permitted amount) e.g. A company which makes high profits must pay excess profits duty to the government. Collocation: excess fare 补票费 excess baggage / luggage 超重的行李 Comparison : excessive a. greater than what is normal or necessary; extreme 过分的，过度的

38. Detailed reading1– excess 2 Derivation: excess n. exceed v. excessively ad. e.g. The success of our campaign has exceeded our wildest expectations.

39. Detailed reading1– harbinger harbinger n. something that indicates or foreshadows what is to come e.g. The crowing of the rooster is a harbinger of dawn. Frost is a harbinger of winter. Collocation: harbinger of sb. / sth.

40. page 392016-6-8 Presentation mitigate mitigate vt. to make an unpleasant situation or its effect less serious and less difficult to bear e.g. We need to do everything we can to mitigate the distress caused by the disaster. Their extreme poverty is mitigated slightly by the fact that Rosa has a part-time job. Derivation: mitigating a. mitigation n. the mitigating effect of pain-killing drugs 镇痛药物的缓解作用

41. Detailed reading1– moderate 1 moderate a. 1) average in amount, intensity, quality, etc.; not extreme e.g. a moderate performance 不好不坏的演出 Imposing sanctions is a moderate action when you consider that the alternative is military intervention. 2) of or having (usu. political) opinions that are not extreme e.g. The party leader is an extreme left-winger, but her deputy is more moderate in her views.

42. Detailed reading1– moderate 2 3) keeping or kept within limits that are not excessive e.g. He is a moderate drinker. Derivation: moderately ad. moderation n. e.g. Grape wine can be good for you if taken in moderation.

43. periodical n. a publication that appears at fixed intervals, esp. one of a serious kind Detailed reading1– periodical e.g. She has written for several legal periodicals. Derivation: period n. periodic a. occurring or appearing at (esp. regular) intervals 定期的，周期的 periodically ad.

44. peruse vt. to read through something, especially in order to find the part you are interested in Detailed reading1– peruse e.g. He opened a newspaper and began to peruse the personal ads. Derivation: perusal n. e.g. a brief perusal He sent a copy of the report to the governors for their perusal.

45. Detailed reading1– spew spew vt. to flow out, esp. quickly and violently e.g. One engine of the plane caught fire and spewed black smoke. Collocation: spew sth. up to vomit

46. Detailed reading1– vulnerable vulnerable a. to be weak and easily affected by illness e.g. Elderly people, living alone, are especially vulnerable. It was no place to raise a child with lungs so vulnerable to infection. Collocation: vulnerable to sth. / sb. a theory vulnerable to criticism Derivation: vulnerability n. vulnerably ad.

47. page 462016-6-8 Presentation  Text Analysis

48. page 472016-6-8 Presentation Global Reading - Text analysis 1. From which perspectives does the text address the issue of global warming? The text addresses the issue from three perspectives — the general public concern, its causes and consequences, and practical actions to tackle the problem.

49. page 482016-6-8 Presentation Structural analysis 1 ParagraphsMain idea 1-2 3-7 8-11 The author tells the reason why people are now increasingly concerned about global warming. The author traces the causes of global warming and discusses the consequences of it. The author puts forward some suggestions on what is to be done. 1. Divide the text into parts by completing the table.

50. page 492016-6-8 Presentation Detailed Reading

51. page 502016-6-8 Presentation Why people are now increasingly concerned about global warming ？

52. page 512016-6-8 Presentation Structural analysis 3 2. Figure out the sub-ideas in the second part. 1) the causes of the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Paragraphs 3 and 4) 2) the effect of such concentration on climate change (Paragraphs 5 and 6) 3) the potential threat of global warming to human health and survival (Paragraph 7)

53. page 522016-6-8 Presentation What are the immediate actions that we should take? Detailed reading1--Quesion 3 We should take such immediate actions as a) cutting our consumption of fossil fuels, b) using technologies to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and c) protecting our forests.

54. page 532016-6-8 Presentation Detailed reading1--Quesion 5 What are the long-term policies that should be worked out? We should encourage people to use environmentally clean fuels and technologies, and stop the clear-cutting of forests.

55. page 542016-6-8 Presentation Detailed reading1-- with the exception of with the exception of except, not including e.g. I think every student, with the exception of Helen, will pass the exam. I know all the students in this class with the exception of the girl in red. Collocation: without exception have no exception take exception to 反对 make an exception

56. page 552016-6-8 Presentation Detailed reading1– El Nino El Nino El Nino is an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes affecting the equatorial Pacific region and beyond every few years, characterized by the appearance of unusually warm, nutrient-poor water off northern Peru and Ecuador, typically in late December.

57. page 562016-6-8 Presentation Detailed reading1– concentration concentration n. 1) the relative amount of a particular substance contained within a solution or mixture or in a particular volume of space e.g. The pesticide has reached a dangerous concentration in the lake water. Collocation: concentration on / of sth. 2) (power) of concentrating (on sth.) e.g. I find that yoga improves my powers of concentration.

58. page 572016-6-8 Presentation Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.5 intense intensify intensive intensification 强烈的，剧烈的，热烈的 增强，强化；加剧 强烈的；密集的 增强，加强，强化 2. e.g. 我的工作非常紧张，以至于我没有时间休息。 My work is so intense that I even have no time to take a rest. a. v. n. 我的初次失败更坚定了我成功的信念。 My first failure only intensified my desire to succeed. 我们有十天的强化训练。 We have ten days of intensive training.

59. page 582016-6-8 Presentation Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.6 excess excessive 过量的，额外的 过多的，过分的 3. e.g. 这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。 The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight. a.a.a.a.

60. page 592016-6-8 Presentation Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1.7 e.g. 我猜想的全错了。 他是一个冷酷的投机者。 My speculations proved totally wrong. He is a ruthless speculator. speculate speculation speculative speculator 推测，好奇 沉思，推测；投机 推测的，推理的；投机的 投机者，投机商人 4. v. n. a. n.

61. page 602016-6-8 Presentation This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history. 这本书不同于那本, 因为这本是有关化学的, 而那本是有关历史的。 Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents' help. 既然你已是个大学生了，就应当学着独立， 不靠父母的帮助。