1. ANTARCTICA AND THE ARCTIC

2. ARCTIC VS. ANTARCTICA ARCTIC NORTH POLE NORTH POLE NORTH MOST POINT AWAY FROM EQUATOR NORTH MOST POINT AWAY FROM EQUATOR ANTARCTICA SOUTH POLE SOUTH POLE SOUTH MOST POINT AWAY FROM EQUATOR SOUTH MOST POINT AWAY FROM EQUATOR

3. WHERE IN THE WORLD IS ANTARCTICA?

4. ANOTHER VIEW…

5. WHERE IN THE WORLD IS THE ARCTIC?

6. ANOTHER VIEW…

7. DISCOVERING ANTARCTICA…A TIMELINE 1772-1775 THE FIRST WELL-DOCUMENTED EVIDENCE OF A SOUTHERN, FROZEN WORLD. THE FIRST WELL-DOCUMENTED EVIDENCE OF A SOUTHERN, FROZEN WORLD. CAPTAIN JAMES HOOK SAILED INTO THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN AND NOTICED FRIGID WATERS AND ICEBERGS CAPTAIN JAMES HOOK SAILED INTO THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN AND NOTICED FRIGID WATERS AND ICEBERGS

8. EDWARD BRANSFIELD -ENGLISH EXPLORER -BELIEVED TO BE THE FIRST TO SIGHT THE ANTARCTIC MAINLAND -CHARTED A PORTION OF IT -CLAIMED HE SAW “HIGH MOUNTAINS COVERED IN SNOW”

9. ROALD AMUNDSEN NORWEGIAN POLAR EXPLORER WHO WAS THE FIRST TO REACH THE SOUTH POLE IN 1911 NORWEGIAN POLAR EXPLORER WHO WAS THE FIRST TO REACH THE SOUTH POLE IN 1911 ARTICLE ARTICLE

10. 1911-1914 -CAPTAIN JOHN DAVIS -AMERICAN GROUP OF EXPLORERS -NICKNAMED “GLOOMY DAVIS” -MADE MULTIPLE TRIPS -HARROWING TRIP -ESTABLISHED WINTERING BASES ON THE ANTARCTIC MAINLAND

11. DISCOVERING THE ARCTIC DR. FREDERICK COOK CLAIMED TO HAVE DISCOVERED THE NORTH POLE IN APRIL OF 1908 CLAIMED TO HAVE DISCOVERED THE NORTH POLE IN APRIL OF 1908 DOCTOR FROM NEW YORK DOCTOR FROM NEW YORK ROBERT E. PEARY CLAIMED TO HAVE DISCOVERED THE NORTH POLE IN SEPTEMBER OF 1909 CLAIMED TO HAVE DISCOVERED THE NORTH POLE IN SEPTEMBER OF 1909 CIVIL ENGINEER, INVOLVED IN THE NAVY CIVIL ENGINEER, INVOLVED IN THE NAVY

12. CLIMATE OF ANTARCTICA COLDEST CONTINENT ON EARTH COLDEST CONTINENT ON EARTH AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS -55º CELSIUS AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS -55º CELSIUS POLAR DESERT – LOW LEVELS OF PRECIPITATION POLAR DESERT – LOW LEVELS OF PRECIPITATION 99% OF AREA COVERED IN ICE 99% OF AREA COVERED IN ICE

13. FOR THE RECORD… THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE EVER RECORDED ON EARTH WAS IN ANTARCTICA THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE EVER RECORDED ON EARTH WAS IN ANTARCTICA -89.2 DEGREES C. -89.2 DEGREES C. -128.6 DEGREES F. -128.6 DEGREES F.

14. LANDSCAPE COVERS 14 MILLION SQUARE MILES COVERS 14 MILLION SQUARE MILES ½ THE SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES ½ THE SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES VERY MOUNTAINOUS VERY MOUNTAINOUS LARGEST FEATURE – TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAIN CHAIN LARGEST FEATURE – TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAIN CHAIN

15. TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAIN CHAIN FORMED MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO FORMED MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO STRETCH FOR MORE THAN 2000 MILES STRETCH FOR MORE THAN 2000 MILES COVERED IN A LARGE ICE SHEET COVERED IN A LARGE ICE SHEET CONNECTED BY LARGE GLACIERS CONNECTED BY LARGE GLACIERS ESTIMATED WORLD’S LARGEST NATURAL COAL DEPOSIT ESTIMATED WORLD’S LARGEST NATURAL COAL DEPOSIT HOUSES FOSSILIZED REMAINS OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES HOUSES FOSSILIZED REMAINS OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES

16. TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAIN CHAIN

17. ANIMALS OF THE SOUTH AND NORTH POLE SOUTH POLE SEALS SEALS PENGUINS PENGUINS WHALES WHALES PORPOISES PORPOISES NORTH POLE POLAR BEARS POLAR BEARS MUSK OX MUSK OX CARIBOU CARIBOU FOX FOX HARE HARE WOLF WOLF LEMMING LEMMING BEARS BEARS

18. ANTARCTIC ANIMALS

19. ARCTIC ANIMALS

20. PLANTS FOUND IN THE ARCTIC 1700 SPECIES OF PLANTS 1700 SPECIES OF PLANTS POPPIES, COTTON GRASS, ARCTIC MOSS POPPIES, COTTON GRASS, ARCTIC MOSS FLOWERS, BUSHES, TREES, GRASS FLOWERS, BUSHES, TREES, GRASS

21. TO BE CLEAR… POLAR BEARS LIVE IN THE NORTH AND PENGUINS LIVE IN THE SOUTH! POLAR BEARS LIVE IN THE NORTH AND PENGUINS LIVE IN THE SOUTH!

22. CLIMATE OF THE ARCTIC TUNDRA MARKED WITH TREES AND SHRUBBERY TUNDRA MARKED WITH TREES AND SHRUBBERY STRONG SEASONAL CLIMATE STRONG SEASONAL CLIMATE NOT AS WINDY NOT AS WINDY WARM IN THE SUMMER AND COLD IN THE WINTER WARM IN THE SUMMER AND COLD IN THE WINTER

23. WHAT ARE WE STUDYING IN ANTARCTICA? PRINCESS ELIZABETH STATION DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS (NOVEMBER –MARCH) PRINCESS ELIZABETH STATION DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS (NOVEMBER –MARCH) RESEARCHERS CAN STAY FOR WEEKS TO MONTHS AT A TIME RESEARCHERS CAN STAY FOR WEEKS TO MONTHS AT A TIME SHEET ICE THICKNESS, ICE MOVEMENT, HUNTING FOR METEORITES, CLIMATE CHANGE, FOSSILS… SHEET ICE THICKNESS, ICE MOVEMENT, HUNTING FOR METEORITES, CLIMATE CHANGE, FOSSILS…

24. ANTARCTICA CLOSE TO HOME WHAT HE DID COLLECTED ICE FROM 2.5 MILES DEEP IN ANTARCTICA TO STUDY COLLECTED ICE FROM 2.5 MILES DEEP IN ANTARCTICA TO STUDY CREATED A 2 MILLION DOLLAR SUB-ZERO LAB AT MSU SO STUDENTS COULD STUDY SNOW CREATED A 2 MILLION DOLLAR SUB-ZERO LAB AT MSU SO STUDENTS COULD STUDY SNOW ALSO STUDIES AVALANCHES ALSO STUDIES AVALANCHES ED ADAMS