1. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
MGT 321
INTRODUCTION TO
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
BY:
Sarah Sabir Ahmad
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2. MGT 321 1.1 INTRDOUCTION 1.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
1.3 BASIC APPROACHES IN THE STUDY
Of ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
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3. 1.1 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION
A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.
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4. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure on behavior
Within the organization itself
For the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
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5. Organization System
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6. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
OB is a combination of science, conceptual & applied discipline.
Science – large number of research
Conceptual – constantly add concepts to the basic concept of OB
Applied – the information is about effective practice aspects
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7. OB provides useful sets of tools at all levels (4 issues)
Assist managers to understand individual behavior
Increases manager’s understanding of interpersonal relations when 2 or more interact
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8. OB provides useful sets of tools at all levels
It examines relationship within small groups
It provides insight of the whole systems that have inter-organizational relationships
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9. WHAT MANAGERS DO?
Managers (or administrators) Individuals who achieve goals through other people.
Managerial Activities
Make decisions
Allocate resources
Direct activities of others to attain goals
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10. MANAGER’S ROLE
To understand employees & use the understanding to get employees function effectively & efficiently to achieve the organization's goal
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11. Management Functions (POLC)
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
Management Functions
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12. Directly, OB improve people-organization relationship:
Manager & administrative systems
Human & social systems
Organization & technical systems
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13. This mgmt practices implies the input process-output model
Thus, org. must benefit these relationships as it would bring quality, lower cost & harmony working climate
Due to the inter-relationship emerge, the org. basically practices mgmt
This mgmt practices implies the input process-output model
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14. 1.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OB start with a set of fundamental
concepts revolving around the
nature of people & organization.
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15. HOLISTIC OB Nature of People Individual Differences A whole Person
Motivated Behavior
Human Dignity
Nature of Org.
Social Systems
Mutual Interest
HOLISTIC OB
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16. NATURE OF PEOPLE (4) INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Individual differs from one to another
Thus, mgmt must treat each employee differently though there are standard to be followed
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17. A WHOLE PERSON
A person can not be separated from his skills, knowledge & so on
Brain only = not possible.
Employee’s emotion + personal matters as well.
When mgmt develop a better employee, they actually shaping better person
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18. Normal behavior occur for certain causes
MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR
Normal behavior occur for certain causes
E.g. eating due to hunger
Thus, it relates to the person’s need & the consequences of certain act
Thus, mgmt has 2 choices either to:
Provide reasons to do certain action that will increase need fulfillment, or
Provide threat to decrease the need fulfillment if they do undesired behavior
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19. People will be placed above all because of the universe rule
HUMAN DIGNITY
People will be placed above all because of the universe rule
Therefore must be treated with respect, dignity & need to be recognized
Employees always want to be valued either for their skills,abilities and knowledge.
Employees need to be provided with opportunities to improve themselves.
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20. NATURE OF ORGANIZATION (2)
SOCIAL SYSTEM
Organization is a social systems which is governed by social laws & psychological laws
Two types
Formal/official – interaction set by the org.
Informal – interaction between members to fulfill social needs for affiliation
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21. This system implies that org environment is dynamic and due to changes at all times.
All parts of systems in the organization is interdependent and each system would influence the other system.
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22. MUTUAL INTEREST Org. needs people and people need org.
They are formed and maintained on this basis
Both parties has goals to achieve. Mutual interaction will lead to ability for both parties to achieve their own goals
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23. MUTUAL INTEREST (con’t)
If mutuality is lacking, it makes no sense to try to assemble a group & develop cooperation
Therefore, it provides a super-ordinate goal
Goal that can be accomplished through the integrated of individuals & their employers
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24. BASIC APPROACHES IN OB There are 5 approaches:
Interdisciplinary approach
Human Resources / Supportive Approach
A Contingency Approach
Productivity / Results Oriented Approach
Systems Approach
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25. 1. INTERDISCIPLINARY
It integrates social science & other disciplines such as medical & biology
The combination of disciplines will improve the people-org relationship
This knowledge then known as behavioral science which represents a systemized body of knowledge that pertains to why & how people behave as they do
Such knowledge could help managers to deal with people at work in order to function as a whole social unit
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26. 2. HUMAN RESOURCES
It directs all resources to growth & development of people. Why?
Traditionally, managers make decision, supervise & control employees closely. However with basic approach in OB, managers are trained to be more supportive & create opportunities for employees & support employees’ growth & performance
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27. 3. A CONTINGENCY Traditionally, management practiced “one best way” to
all types of organizations
As time goes by, many complex situation influence the organization & this results the contingency approach
Different situation require different behavioral
practices for effectiveness
Strength – it encourages analysis of each situation prior to action
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28. 4. PRODUCTIVITY
All organization aim to achieve relevant outcome (results) = productivity orientation
It defined as a ratio that compares units of output with units of input.
Productivity measures level of output produced & how efficient one produces desired output
It also takes account on human & social input & output such as job satisfaction & performance
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29. 5. SYSTEMS
System is made up of several subsystems which actively interact & influences each other.
An event that appears to affect one individual or department may have significant influences elsewhere in the org.
It is necessary to make a cost-benefit analysis to identify whether the potential action will have positive or negative effect
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30. CONCLUSION What makes an organization successful? HUMAN = EMPLOYEES
Managers need to understand each individual.
It is through good understanding about nature of
humans and the nature of organizations, effectiveness
could be achieved.
This will lead to greater productivity and pleasant
working environment.
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