1. Baseline and policy scenario development work for the biogas NAMA Research Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Development Center for Community and Rural Development

2. Contents 1.Some existing policies related biogas NAMA. 2. Policy scenario development. 3.Baseline emissions. 4. Conclusion and recommendation HDPE: High Density PolyEthylene. CIGAR : Covered In-Ground Anaerobic Reactor

3. 1.Some existing policies related biogas NAMA Government of Vietnam approved Electricity Number 7 Master Plan –No. 1208/QD-TTg dated 21/7/2011 with relating the development of renewable energy, It will be increasing to 4.5% in 2020, 6% to 2030 of the total electric production. National Climate Change Strategy (QĐ: 2139/QĐ-TTg dated 5- 12-2011), the issue “... manage and treat wastes from husbandry activities, develop and use biogas as fuels..” has been described Green Growth Strategy (1993/QĐ-TTg dated 25/9/2012), in which the Strategy proposed: …Widely disseminating the technology of treatment and reuse of by-products and wastes in agricultural production to produce animal feed, mushroom growing, biogas …. and reduce greenhouse gas emission. “... National Husbandry Development Strategy to 2020 (No. 10/2008/QĐ-TTg ), in which the Strategy proposed it target: The pig population increasing to 35 millions in 2020, 37% of which feeding in Farm level, all Farm should have treating manure waste works in his Farm.

4. National Technical Standard : +Cattle, pig and poultry farms - Hygiene inspection and evaluation procedure: QCVN 01-79/ 2011/BNNPTNT. Determined steps for the Hygiene inspection and evaluation procedure to husbandry Farm. +National technical regulation conditions for biosecurity of pig farms: QCVN 01-14/2010/BNNPTNT. This National Technical Regulation provided the compelling conditions for biosecurity, waste processing, ground water, soil...on piggery farm

5. Review Existing policies 1.Environment protection and encouraging GHG emission reductions. 2.Target for the development of renewable energy sources for electricity production. 3.Regulations on the compelling conditions of treating animal waste in piggery farm. 4.And, the orientation to encourage manage and treat wastes from husbandry activities, develop and use biogas as fuels.

6. 2. P olicy scenario development Remaining i/“National technical regulation conditions for biosecurity of pig farms “ The standars for biosecurity is determined for animal waste included only Coli & Salmonella barteriums, Hg, Arsel in wastewarter, no standars for emission gasses (CH4, CO2, …).

7. 2. P olicy scenario development (cont’) (ii) Lack of policies for encouraging the use biogas for electricity generation yes such as: Providing credit/financial support for developing biogas for electricity generation, Connection to the national grid for electricity production from biogas (renewable energy), Incentive tax of imported electricity generator/ other equipment/ spare part..., Attracting the investment to electricity production from biogas from Private sector. Baseline situation: It has not a development plan, target for biogas electricity generation.

8. 2. P olicy scenario development (cont’) (iii) There is no policy, regulation to appraise the quality of biogas generator / equipment

9. 2. P olicy scenario development (cont’) Solving problem: 1. Developing finance policy/ provide credit/ financial support, It’s proposal: - Incentive credit : 60-80% total incremental investment (Biogas for electricity generation). - Grant support from international resources : 20% 2. Develop/Create investment fund.

10. 2. P olicy scenario development (cont’) 3. Develop policies on connection to the national electricity grid/ buy-sell electricity with incentive price to implement NAMA 4. Addition the standards for emission gasses such as CH4…from Pig farm. 5. Carry out some interdisciplinary studies (Environment, Finance, Industry, Agriculture) on the development of above mentioned policy.

11. 3. Baseline emissions Data 1.Based on Husbandry Development Strategy, 27 millions pig in 2010 to 35 millions in 2020 with 37% feeding in farm condition. The increasing of population in each farm. 2. Assuming that the size of each pig farm is about 2000-5000 head with average 3000 head. There are 4000 pig farms in 2020. They are involve in NAMA biogas.

12. 3. Baseline emissions (cont’) The condition: 1. Pig farm should have anaerobic lagoons use to collect wastewater. And, The streams obtained after manure treatment are not discharged into natural water resources; 2. The annual average temperature of baseline site higher than 5°C ; 3. The retention time in the anaerobic treatment system is greater than 1 month, and in the case of anaerobic lagoons, their depths are at least 1 m; 4. Ensure that all biogas produced by the digester is used for electricity generation; 5. The final sludge is handled aerobically to avoid methane emissions ; 6. The storage time of the manure after removal from the animal barns do not exceed 1 days before being fed into the anaerobic digester

13. 3. Baseline emissions (cont’) -Baseline scenario is the existing anaerobic lagoon of the host farm, where animal manure is left to decay anaerobically and methane is emitted to the atmosphere in year Y (BE y ) – No NAMA -Baseline is the kWh produced by the renewable generating unit multiplied by an emission factor in year Y ( CO2e/kWh)- BE ye. BE = BE y + BE ye BE is Baseline in year Y

14. 3. Baseline emissions (cont’) Methodology used for estimating metan emission from anaerobic lagoon: IPCC-2006 Guidelines (Tier 2- Manure manegement-AFOLU) and UNFCCC/AMS- III.D. Methodology used for estimating CO2 emission from electricity generation : UNFCCC/AMS-I.D. In this case EF for national electicity grid provided by DNA Vietnam.

15. 3. Baseline emissions (cont’) Assuming : The scale of pig farm, with an average of 2000 – 5000 heads/farm with average of 3000 heads. There are 4000 pig farms in 2020 with population of 12 million pigs. Number of farm is increasing as below figure. According to the calculation, metan GHG emission for each farm is 2,040 CO2 equivalent.

16. 3. Baseline emissions (cont’) Assuming that a farm will have 2500-3000 units, it will be enough methane for a 100kW generator to operate 14h/day. Estimated produced electricity is about 1440 kWh/day, 526 MWh/year. With emission factor of grid (EF = 0,6244 tons of CO2/ MWh, provided by Vietnam DNA in May/2013), produced electricity of one farm is equal to 328 tons of emitted CO2..

17. Baseline emission estimated for one farm( one unit: 3000 pig ) are 2,040 tonnes CO2 e/year for manure management and 328 tonnes CO2 e/ year for biogas electricity generation. With the assumption of 4000 farms (2020) involves in NAMA program, the total baseline emission is 9.47 million tonnes CO2 e/ year (2020)

18. 4. Conclusion and recommendation 1. Developing finance policy/ provide credit/ financial support and policies on the connection to the national electricity grid/ buy-sell electricity with incentive price are priorities for NAMA-biogas. 2.Improving the establishing baseline and mitigation emissions scenarios by survey (or studies): Biogas potential, electricity consumption in pig farm…

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