1. Part I: – Organic Batteries – Innovation from Thuringia
Prof. Dr. Ulrich S. Schubert Director Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)

2. Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena – CEEC Jena
Energy storage
Batteries
(Li-Ion-, Li-Hybride-, Polymer-, Redox Flow- and NaS-Batteries; stationary, mobile, printable; combined with photovoltaics; separators)
Supercaps
Energy generation
Photovoltaics
(inorganic & polymer solar-
cells, printable photovoltaics)
Fuel cells
H2-Generation
Cleantech
Membrane technology
(Ceramic- & polymer-based
materials)
Green Engineering
Certification
Education: Environmental chemistry, material science, physics & chemistry
High performace ceramics, electrochemistry, glass chemistry, material science, solid
phase physics, technical chemistry & organic chemistry, polymer science
Design, synthesis, up-scaling, characterisation & modelling/simulation
From fundamental research to demonstrators; from invention to products
Total funding of CEEC Jena up to now >25 Mio €
Planned 2016: Proposal applications laboratory
Planned 2015: Proposal 91b CEEC Jena Phase II
Starting fall semester 2015/16 master course chemisty– energy – environment
Autumn 2015 New building CEEC Jena Phase I
Starting 2011: Two Research Units (TAB), junior prof. electrochemistry (CZ), equipment infrastr. (TMBWK/TMWAT) „Proexzellenz“ professorship, GreenTech-Campus Hermsdorf (TMWAT)
2011 Fukushima
2010 Concept CEEC Jena

3. Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena – CEEC Jena
Combination of excellent basic and applied research for energy storage, energy production and environmental technology
Unique combination of polymeric and ceramic materials
Direct transfer of the basic research results to prototypes and new products („lab2fab“)
Qualification of scientists and engineers
14 working groups represent almost the whole value cain
The Center will provide an essential contribution to the German and European energy turnaround

4. Decentral energy storage
Need for energy storage
Rene-wable energy
Decentral energy storage
Mobile devices
Biochips
Smart pack-aging

5. Current battery technologies
Cobalt (Lithium)
Lead
Rare earth elements (Ni-MeH)
Vanadium (RFB)
Plus NiCd…
No sustainable raw material basis and toxic
Important battery issues:
Higher capacity
Safety
Sustainability
Scalability, …

6. Voltage & capacity tuning
Organic (radical) battery – polymer-based battery technology
Environmentally benign
no heavy metals
simple disposal with household garbage
energetic recycling
Simple processing
inkjet printing
screen printing
thin paper-like and flexible design R● - +
Charging e-
p-type polymer R+
Discharging
p-type Polymer
n-type polymer
n-type Polymer R-
High power density
rapid charging
high charging and discharging rate performance
Excellent cycle life
simple redox chemistry
>1000 charging/discharging cycles
Voltage & capacity tuning
First reported: K. Nakahara, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 359, ; H. Nishide et al., Electrochim. Acta 2004, 50, (before: GDR patents from Jena in the 1980s).

7. Additives Capacity Stability Voltage Power density/ Price
Current and future challenges – solved in Jena
Capacity
Voltage
Power density/
charging speed
Processability/
printability
Additives
Stability
Price
Ink formulation

8. Printed batteries from Jena
Relative capacity, normalized to 1.
Screen printing
Inkjet printing
Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, ; Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, ; J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2157; Polymer 2015, 68, 321 & 328; ACS Applied Mater. & Interfaces 2015, 7, 3473; Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2014, 35, 1367; J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 8999; Adv. Energy Mater. 2013, 3, 1025; Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 6397 …

9. Polymers and polymer-based composites
One next big thing: Printed batteries!
Smart
Packaging
Need for small, flexible and cheep batteries
Smart
Clothes
Polymers and polymer-based composites
The Internet
Of Things
Renewable
Resources
Biochips
Mobile
Devices

10. Large scale battery storage
… needs new batteries, which are …
Cheap & Scalable
Sustainable
High-volume & Short-term

11. Current solutions … renewable energy
“250-megawatt-hour installation”, Musk said, “without naming the utility. That's 2,500 Powerpack towers.” 
renewable energy
Current approaches / products:
Tesla
Sonnenbatterie
Daimler (Accumotive)
Solarwatt
Samsung
Varta Storage …
All based on Lithium
(and Cobalt…)!!!
Fabrication exclusively in Asia
(in the future also in Utah)

12. Polymer-redox-flow-batteries (pRFB)
The Jena invention
Na+
size-exclusion
membrane
polymer
aqueous
electrolyte
electrode
Cl-
H2O
anolyte tank
catholyte tank P2 P1
Germ. Pat. Appl DE A1, Eur. Pat. Appl. 2014, EP A1, PCT Int. Appl. 2014, WO A , Nature 2015, 527, 78.

13. Distributed energy storage
Polymer-redox-flow-batteries (pRFB)
Peak shaving
Load balancing
Distributed energy storage
Environmentally benign
no heavy metals
no hazardous substances like bromine
Water-based
Scalable capacity
capacity is “unlimited”
raw material costs
Simple membrane design
no ion-selective membranes needed
cheap industrial membranes
Rechargeability
superior to “one-way”, non rechargeable fuel cells

14. Organic batteries
Polymer batteries
No (heavy) metals
Energy harvesting (pyrolysis to oil)
Simple recycling
Non-toxic, environmentally benign, salt water instead of organic solvents possible…

15. Part II: Legislative Challenges
Dr. Babette Winter
State Secretary for Culture and European Affairs

16. Thuringia – centrally situated in Europe.
Some figures

17. Thuringia – Region of Science, Research and Development.
10 Universities with nearly 53,000 students
5 Application Centers and 7 Technology and Business Incubators
24 renown research institutes, e.g.:
Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF)
Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS)
Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology (IPHT)
Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz- Lipmann-Institute (FLI)
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
Thuringian Institute for Textiles and Plastics Research (TITK)
Greetings from the Red Planet
Sensors from Jena on Mars
Mankind decoded
The genome project reveals our DNA

18. Regional Innovation Strategy RIS3 Thuringia
Industrial production and high precision manufacturing systems
Sustainable and intelligent mobility and logistics
Healthy living and Health economy
Sustainable energy and resource efficiency
ICT, innovative and production related services

19. The innovation is facing a legislative obstacle: Battery directive 2006/66/EC
REGULATION/LEGISLATION
Battery directive 2006/66/EC
“The primary objective of this Directive is to minimize the negative impact of batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators on the environment […]”
This Directive establishes specific rules for the collection, treatment, recycling and disposal of waste batteries and accumulators […] (Article 1)
Enormous worldwide economic potential:
applications from small printed batteries to large scale energy storage systems.
This Directive shall apply to all types of batteries and accumulators, regardless of their shape, volume, weight, material composition or use. (Article 2)

20. Research and Innovation activities in the field across Europe
It‘s a European issue!
Research and Innovation activities in the field across Europe
Country
Institution
Germany
Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Potsdam-Golm
France
University of Pau (UPPA), IPREM Institute des Sciences et de physico-Chimie pour l’Environment
Belgium
Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Macromolecular Chemistry
Spain
University of the Basque Country (POLYMAT), Spain Institute of Polymer Materials
Portugal
New University of Lisbon (ITQB), Instituto de Tecnología Química e Biolóbica
Sweden
Uppsala University (UPPSALA U.), Angström Lab
Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Dept of Engineering Sciences
Finland
Aalto University (Aalto U.), Nanomicroscopy Center
Imeda Energy (IMDEA)
Linköping University, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology
Switzerland
Paul Scherrer Institut, Electrochemistry Laboratory
Romania
National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Optics and Spectroscopy Bucarest

21. What can be done?
Amendments only with regard to reporting requirements for member states – no changes in contents
Amendment to the proposal, adding an exception for „environmentally save“ batteries!

22. Revision of battery directive in 2016? … !
Commission report on implementation of the directive
Roadmap
Process of Consultation
End 2016
June/July
If necessary, proposals for revision of the related provisions of this Directive shall accompany the report. (Article 23, 2006/66/EC)
(„If everything goes well the publication of the roadmap would take place before summer “ (COM))

23. Knowledge Exchange Platform A great opportunity to join up regions
The case of organic batteries
Inform regional innovation stakeholders and regional governments
Inform Members of European Parliament and national permanent Representatives to support the amendment of Battery directive and other outlined actions
Participate in consultation and help your stakeholders in doing so

24. Knowledge Exchange Platform How it can generate value added
Bringing together innovators and policy makers. Innovations need good legislation. In most cases, innovators are experts in technology and innovation rather than in influencing and giving input into legislation. This is where the KEP and CoR should play a major role.
Feeding the regional innovators needs into the institutions and communicate them to policy makers (Commission, Parliament) and vice versa: inform and raise awareness within the regions with regard to ongoing legislative decision making processes important for innovation activities.
Making it easier to identify innovation hurdles or legislative needs on regional level and join up with other regions. Giving regional innovations a platform to join up with other regions to have more critical mass.

25. Thank you for your attention and support!
Dr. Babette Winter
State Secretary for Culture and European Affairs
State Chancellery of Thuringia
Prof. Dr. Ulrich S. Schubert
Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena
Friedrich Schiller University Jena