1. The Renaissance

2. Why was Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance? It was the crossroads of trade in the Mediterranean Rome was the center of the classical world Recovered from the plague with more opportunities for economic advancement Wealthy and powerful merchant class It was the crossroads of trade in the Mediterranean Rome was the center of the classical world Recovered from the plague with more opportunities for economic advancement Wealthy and powerful merchant class

3. The Growth of Italian City-States

4. Why were Italian city- states so rich and powerful?

5. Overseas trade, spurred by the Crusades, led to their growth Northern Italy had a wealthy merchant class It’s classical heritage of Greece and Rome City-states governed themselves Overseas trade, spurred by the Crusades, led to their growth Northern Italy had a wealthy merchant class It’s classical heritage of Greece and Rome City-states governed themselves

6. How did Florence become the most influential city-state?

7. Florence was mostly urban while the rest of Europe was rural Because of the plague, many of the city’s survivors could demand higher wages Because Florence was small, many of its citizens could be involved in politics Florence was mostly urban while the rest of Europe was rural Because of the plague, many of the city’s survivors could demand higher wages Because Florence was small, many of its citizens could be involved in politics

8. What was the Renaissance and why did it begin in Italy?

9. Renaissance means “re-birth” which refers to revival in arts and learning Italian merchants displayed their wealth by giving financial support to artists Lorenzo de Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent) was a generous patron of the arts Renaissance means “re-birth” which refers to revival in arts and learning Italian merchants displayed their wealth by giving financial support to artists Lorenzo de Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent) was a generous patron of the arts

10. The Spirit of the Renaissance

11. The Crusades made Europeans eager to learn about the world around themThe Crusades made Europeans eager to learn about the world around them Church leaders became patrons of the arts by financially supporting artistsChurch leaders became patrons of the arts by financially supporting artists The Crusades made Europeans eager to learn about the world around themThe Crusades made Europeans eager to learn about the world around them Church leaders became patrons of the arts by financially supporting artistsChurch leaders became patrons of the arts by financially supporting artists

12. A Fascination with Classical Cultures

13. Scholars became interested in ancient Greek and Roman cultureScholars became interested in ancient Greek and Roman culture Artists used ancient art as modelsArtists used ancient art as models Brunelleschi designed buildings after studying Roman ruinsBrunelleschi designed buildings after studying Roman ruins Scholars became interested in ancient Greek and Roman cultureScholars became interested in ancient Greek and Roman culture Artists used ancient art as modelsArtists used ancient art as models Brunelleschi designed buildings after studying Roman ruinsBrunelleschi designed buildings after studying Roman ruins

14. Filippo Brunelleschi Commissioned to build the cathedral dome in Florence (Il Duomo) –Used unique architectural concepts. He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome Filippo Brunelleschi Commissioned to build the cathedral dome in Florence (Il Duomo) –Used unique architectural concepts. He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome

15. Brunelleschi’s Dome

16. Dome Comparisons Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

17. A New Type of Scholar Called a Humanist

18. Humanists adopted many Roman and Greek beliefs 1. seeking fulfillment in daily life 2. all people have dignity and worth 3. the ideal person—one who can do almost anything (the Renaissance Man) Humanists adopted many Roman and Greek beliefs 1. seeking fulfillment in daily life 2. all people have dignity and worth 3. the ideal person—one who can do almost anything (the Renaissance Man)

19. Humanists learned many subjects, such as Latin, Greek history, mathematics, and rhetoric (the study of language) In the Middle Ages, religious people proved their piety(religious devotion) by living a plain life Humanists enjoyed life without offending God Humanists learned many subjects, such as Latin, Greek history, mathematics, and rhetoric (the study of language) In the Middle Ages, religious people proved their piety(religious devotion) by living a plain life Humanists enjoyed life without offending God

20. Petrarch Father of Renaissance humanism Poet sonnets Father of Renaissance humanism Poet sonnets

21. A Belief in Human Potential

22. Emphasized human achievement on earth, rather than the afterlifeEmphasized human achievement on earth, rather than the afterlife Renaissance thinkers strove to master almost every artRenaissance thinkers strove to master almost every art Later ages called such people “Renaissance men”Later ages called such people “Renaissance men” Emphasized human achievement on earth, rather than the afterlifeEmphasized human achievement on earth, rather than the afterlife Renaissance thinkers strove to master almost every artRenaissance thinkers strove to master almost every art Later ages called such people “Renaissance men”Later ages called such people “Renaissance men”

23. Individuals became the center of attention during the Renaissance as the belief in human potential & ability began to emerge from Medieval ways of thinking

24. Machiavelli—wrote The Prince The Prince was a book about Italian government Machiavelli supported the idea of absolute power He believed you should “do whatever it takes” to be a great ruler, even if it means you have to hurt someone Machiavelli—wrote The Prince The Prince was a book about Italian government Machiavelli supported the idea of absolute power He believed you should “do whatever it takes” to be a great ruler, even if it means you have to hurt someone

25. Baldassare Castiglione Wrote the Book of the Courtier Ideal courtier Manners, skills, learning, and virtues Wrote the Book of the Courtier Ideal courtier Manners, skills, learning, and virtues

26. Ideal Man—was well educated in the Classics; should be charming, witty, & smart; can dance, write poetry, & play music; should be physically fit (called a “Renaissance Man”) Ideal Man—was well educated in the Classics; should be charming, witty, & smart; can dance, write poetry, & play music; should be physically fit (called a “Renaissance Man”)

27. Ideal Woman—study Classics; write, dance, paint, make music well; but should not seek fame or political power (Renaissance women were far better educated but had fewer rights than Medieval women)

28. Renaissance Artists

29. Donato Donatello

30. Donatello is considered by many to be the greatest sculptor of the Renaissance Medieval sculptors only carved the front of a statue, but Donatello wanted sculptures to be viewed from all sides like Greek & Roman statues Donatello is considered by many to be the greatest sculptor of the Renaissance Medieval sculptors only carved the front of a statue, but Donatello wanted sculptures to be viewed from all sides like Greek & Roman statues

31. Donatello’s “David” became the first large, free-standing human sculpture

32. David stands at the Museo Nazionale del Bargello, or Palazzo del Popolo (Palace of the People) It is a former barracks and prison, now an art museum, in Florence, Italy.

33. Michelangelo

34. Michelangelo was a great painter & sculptor; his “Pieta” & “David” sculptures are perceived as masterpiecesMichelangelo was a great painter & sculptor; his “Pieta” & “David” sculptures are perceived as masterpieces His greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; which shows biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beautyHis greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; which shows biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty Michelangelo was a great painter & sculptor; his “Pieta” & “David” sculptures are perceived as masterpiecesMichelangelo was a great painter & sculptor; his “Pieta” & “David” sculptures are perceived as masterpieces His greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; which shows biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beautyHis greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; which shows biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty

35. Michelangelo’s “Pieta” depicts the Virgin Mary cradling the limp body of the crucified Jesus. It is displayed in St. Patrick’s Cathedral, in the Vatican

36. Michelangelo’s statue of “David” expresses the Renaissance belief in human dignity and greatness

37. David at the Accademia Gallery in Florence Created between 1501-1504 He stands 17 ft. tall He represents the Biblical hero David.

38. David’s Hand

39. Michelangelo’s Greatest Masterpiece the Sistine Chapel was commissioned under the patronage of Pope Julius II. He painted the ceiling between 1508-1512

41. The Creation of the Heavens

42. The Sistine Chapel Details Creation of Man

43. Michelangelo returned to the chapel to begin painting the altarpiece “The Last Judgment” This painting features Christ judging souls as the rise and fall from each side of the painting He painted The Last Judgement between 1535-1541. Michelangelo returned to the chapel to begin painting the altarpiece “The Last Judgment” This painting features Christ judging souls as the rise and fall from each side of the painting He painted The Last Judgement between 1535-1541.

46. Bartholomew's flayed skin

48. Raphael

49. Raphael “Perfected” Renaissance painting He became the favorite painter of the Pope because of his amazing detailed paintings showing Greeks & Romans along with Renaissance people “School of Athens” is his greatest work Raphael “Perfected” Renaissance painting He became the favorite painter of the Pope because of his amazing detailed paintings showing Greeks & Romans along with Renaissance people “School of Athens” is his greatest work

50. Many of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included in this painting  and many of the great personalities from the classical period Subjects are in a great variety of poses Raphael worked on this commission simultaneously as Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel

51. Raphael Plato and Aristotle Socrates

52. Michelangelo Alexander the Great

53. Pythagoras

54. Zoroaster Ptolemy Euclid

55. Perspective! Betrothal of the Virgin Raphael

56. Leonardo da Vinci

57. A true “Renaissance Man” Leonardo was an inventor, painter, sculptor, mathematician & scientist

58. Leonardo, the Artist Using Geometry

59. From his Notebooks of over 5000 pages)

60. His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion The facial expressions, detail, and emotion had made it a masterpiece

62. The Last Supper – da Vinci, & Geometry

63. horizontal vertical The Last Supper and Perspective

64. A Da Vinci “Code” Theory, St. John or Mary Magdalene?

65. Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie Milan, Italy

66. da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is great for its emotion and depth

69. Mona Lisa has no visible facial hair at all - including eyebrows and eyelashes

70. A Picasso Mona

72. On August 12, 1911, a Louvre employee stole it by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet and walking out with it hidden under his coat after the museum had closedOn August 12, 1911, a Louvre employee stole it by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet and walking out with it hidden under his coat after the museum had closed After keeping the painting in his apartment for two years, the man grew impatient and was caught when he attempted to sell it to an art dealer; it was exhibited all over Italy and returned to the Louvre in 1913After keeping the painting in his apartment for two years, the man grew impatient and was caught when he attempted to sell it to an art dealer; it was exhibited all over Italy and returned to the Louvre in 1913 On August 12, 1911, a Louvre employee stole it by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet and walking out with it hidden under his coat after the museum had closedOn August 12, 1911, a Louvre employee stole it by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet and walking out with it hidden under his coat after the museum had closed After keeping the painting in his apartment for two years, the man grew impatient and was caught when he attempted to sell it to an art dealer; it was exhibited all over Italy and returned to the Louvre in 1913After keeping the painting in his apartment for two years, the man grew impatient and was caught when he attempted to sell it to an art dealer; it was exhibited all over Italy and returned to the Louvre in 1913

73. In 1956, the lower part of the painting was severely damaged when someone doused it with acid On December 30 of that same year, another person damaged the painting by throwing a rock at it The result was a speck of pigment near Mona Lisa's left elbow The painting is now covered with bulletproof security glass In 1956, the lower part of the painting was severely damaged when someone doused it with acid On December 30 of that same year, another person damaged the painting by throwing a rock at it The result was a speck of pigment near Mona Lisa's left elbow The painting is now covered with bulletproof security glass

74. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology): Pages from his Notebook

75. da Vinci often wrote in mirrored handwriting

77. Leonardo, the Engineer:

78. Leonardo sketched several designs for flying machines including this one with a rotating screw He intended to power it with a wound-up spring Leonardo sketched several designs for flying machines including this one with a rotating screw He intended to power it with a wound-up spring

80. Leonardo’s many military inventions included this design for an armored tank Four soldiers sitting inside could turn cranks to move the wheels on this tank” Leonardo’s many military inventions included this design for an armored tank Four soldiers sitting inside could turn cranks to move the wheels on this tank”

82. da Vinci also invented a gigantic crossbow It's difficult to know whether it would have worked, or whether it would have been superior to cannons of the same period da Vinci also invented a gigantic crossbow It's difficult to know whether it would have worked, or whether it would have been superior to cannons of the same period

84. Vitruvian Man

85. The length of a man's outspread arms is equal to his height The maximum width of the shoulders is a quarter of a man's height The distance from the elbow to the tip of the hand is one- fifth of a man's height The length of a man's outspread arms is equal to his height The maximum width of the shoulders is a quarter of a man's height The distance from the elbow to the tip of the hand is one- fifth of a man's height

86. The Renaissance spread from Italy as scholars from other areas visited Italian city-states & took the new ideas they saw back

87. Kings bought Renaissance art, helping to spread new ideas Renaissance ideas spread to the Holy Roman Empire (Germany), England, France, Belgium, Netherlands Kings bought Renaissance art, helping to spread new ideas Renaissance ideas spread to the Holy Roman Empire (Germany), England, France, Belgium, Netherlands

88. Renaissance in Germany was very religious—Christian humanists criticized the church & society (will lead to Protestant Reformation )

89. The Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and discovery The Renaissance spirit played an important role in helping to launch the Age of Exploration The Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and discovery The Renaissance spirit played an important role in helping to launch the Age of Exploration