1. MUSC Biomedical Trainee Retreat on the Responsible Conduct of Research February 11, 2016 Edward Krug, PhD Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology Associate Dean for Postdoctoral Affairs College of Graduate Studies “Career Planning” 12/04/2015

2. “There are worse career plans than to obtain a Ph.D. For example, one could enter journalism to become a reporter for a major newspaper like the N.Y. Times in order to bring the truth to the people, only to find that newspapers are a dying business and are not interested in revealing the truth. Or one could study public administration to begin a career in government to provide better services, only to find governments being drowned in the bathtub. Or one could enlist in the military to make the world safe for democracy, only to find one's self dropping bombs on wedding parties.” Che Beauchard Manhattan Nov. 2, 2013 at 5:47 p.m. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/03/education/edlife/finding-life- after-academia-and-not-feeling-bad-about- it.html?comments#permid=10426462

3. MUSC uses the NIH & NSF definition of a Postdoctoral Researcher “An individual who has received a doctoral degree (or equivalent) and is engaged in a temporary and defined period of mentored advanced training to enhance the professional skills and research independence needed to pursue his or her chosen career path.”

4. Defining the Dual Role of Graduate Students and Postdocs Supported by Research Grants (Sally Rockey @ NIH) A new document published by OMB provides frequently asked questions (FAQs) about cost principles related to federal awards. As described in section 200.400-2 of the FAQ document it states: “For non-Federal entities that educate and engage students in research, the dual role of students as both trainees and employees contributing to the completion of Federal awards for research must be recognized in the application of these principles.” Staff in postdoctoral positions engaged in research, while not generally pursuing an additional degree, are expected to be actively engaged in their training and career development under their research appointments as Post-Docs. This dual role is critical in order to provide Post-Docs with sufficient experience and mentoring for them to successfully pursue independent careers in research and related fields. http://nexus.od.nih.gov/all/2014/10/10/defining-the-dual-role-of-graduate-students-and-postdocs-supported-by- research-grants/?utm_source=nexus&utm_medium=email&utm_content=nihupdate&utm_campaign=oct14

5. MUSC Postdoc Statistics 2015 Defined as “work-based training” – temporary positionDefined as “work-based training” – temporary position 181 postdoctoral researchers181 postdoctoral researchers –55-60% US (~ 50% with fellowship/training grant support) –40-45% internationals (32 different countries) –5 colleges – COM, COP, COD, CON, CHP (~80% in basic science labs) Duration at MUSCDuration at MUSC –average ~2 years (± 2 years) –~95% at MUSC < 5 years $37,000 minimum support ($33,000 if no prior research)$37,000 minimum support ($33,000 if no prior research) 26 Staff scientists (similar demographics) – salaries $35,000 to $99,990 with full benefits26 Staff scientists (similar demographics) – salaries $35,000 to $99,990 with full benefits

6. “Work-based Training” MUSC Employee (Payroll - Salary) POSTDOCTORAL SCHOLAR Training/Fellowship Grant (not an MUSC Employee) (Accounts Payable - Stipend) POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW MUSC Postdoctoral Classifications

7. Postdoctoral Fellows ….. are not MUSC employeesare not MUSC employees receive stipends through Accounts Payablereceive stipends through Accounts Payable will not receive any official notification of the amount of their stipendwill not receive any official notification of the amount of their stipend must submit estimated taxes quarterly - both federal and statemust submit estimated taxes quarterly - both federal and state declare their stipend amount on line 7 of Form 1040 as other income - denote as “SCH”declare their stipend amount on line 7 of Form 1040 as other income - denote as “SCH” do not pay FICA and Medicare taxesdo not pay FICA and Medicare taxes

8. What are the career options for a postdoc? the majority of postdocs want faculty jobsthe majority of postdocs want faculty jobs there has only been a 32% increase in tenure- track faculty positions in the US since 1975, while the number of postdocs has increased more than 400%.there has only been a 32% increase in tenure- track faculty positions in the US since 1975, while the number of postdocs has increased more than 400%.

9. L. Bonetta. Science Careers Aug 27, 2010.

10. http://www.aamc.org/members/great/meetings/h_garrison.pdf

12. Start with a career assessment

13. Sigma Xi Postdoc Survey 2005

14. Elements of an Individual Development Plan: Establish the duration of your postdoc appointmentEstablish the duration of your postdoc appointment Identify specific skills and strengths that you need to developIdentify specific skills and strengths that you need to develop Define the approaches to acquiring those skills and strengthsDefine the approaches to acquiring those skills and strengths Establish an anticipated time line for acquiring those skills and strengthsEstablish an anticipated time line for acquiring those skills and strengths Implement the planImplement the plan Periodically review your progressPeriodically review your progress Revise the plan as necessaryRevise the plan as necessary This should be done in conjunction with your PI (at some level)

15. Career Objectives: “Plan A” - “Plan B” - Assess your skills: What are my strengths?What are my strengths? What are my weaknesses?What are my weaknesses? How am I utilizing my strengths in my current position?How am I utilizing my strengths in my current position? How do my weaknesses impact my productivity?How do my weaknesses impact my productivity? What am I doing to strengthen my areas of weakness?What am I doing to strengthen my areas of weakness? Outline your long-term career objectives: What type of work would I like to be doing 5 years from now?What type of work would I like to be doing 5 years from now? What is important to me in a career?What is important to me in a career? How do non-work issues (e.g. family, lifestyle, etc) relate to my career aspirations?How do non-work issues (e.g. family, lifestyle, etc) relate to my career aspirations? Establish a plan to achieve your career objective: Are my strengths consistent with my career ambitions?Are my strengths consistent with my career ambitions? What specific skills do I need for my career objective?What specific skills do I need for my career objective? What opportunities are there for me to acquire those skills that I lack?What opportunities are there for me to acquire those skills that I lack? How long will it take me to acquire those skills?How long will it take me to acquire those skills? Where can I seek mentoring related to my intended career?Where can I seek mentoring related to my intended career? MUSC Individual Development Planning Questionnaire MUSC Individual Development Planning Questionnaire

17. You need to make a time line! And update it periodically! Even if it makes you nauseous!

18. Jan-MarApr-JunJul-SeptOct-Dec Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Example Time Line Matrix

19. Jan-MarApr-JunJul-SeptOct-Dec Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Start the job of my dreams Example Time Line Matrix

20. Jan-MarApr-JunJul-SeptOct-Dec Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 InterviewInterview Finish draft of last mssFinish draft of last mss Start the job of my dreams Example Time Line Matrix

21. Jan-MarApr-JunJul-SeptOct-Dec Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Apply for jobsApply for jobs Complete data for last mssComplete data for last mss InterviewInterview Finish draft of last mssFinish draft of last mss Start the job of my dreams Example Time Line Matrix

22. Jan-MarApr-JunJul-SeptOct-Dec Year 1 Prepare IDPPrepare IDP Outline mss #1Outline mss #1 Compliance trainingCompliance training Validate technValidate techn Data for mss #1Data for mss #1 resubmit PhD mssresubmit PhD mss Present to deptPresent to dept Undergrad trainUndergrad train Data for mss #1Data for mss #1 Outline mss #2Outline mss #2 Undergrad trainUndergrad train Draft F32Draft F32 Submit mss #1Submit mss #1 Data for mss #2Data for mss #2 Abstract to confAbstract to conf Submit F32Submit F32 Year 2 Resubmit mss #1Resubmit mss #1 Submit mss #2Submit mss #2 Revise IDPRevise IDP Revise mss #2Revise mss #2 Resubmit F32Resubmit F32 Estab local collabEstab local collab Undergrad trainUndergrad train Draft K99Draft K99 Pilot exper with local collabPilot exper with local collab Undergrad trainUndergrad train Outline mss #3Outline mss #3 Co-I on local grantCo-I on local grant Year 3 Establish external collabEstablish external collab Data for mss #3Data for mss #3 Submit K99Submit K99 Submit mss #3Submit mss #3 Present at confPresent at conf Invited talk at collabor institInvited talk at collabor instit career networkingcareer networking Data for mss #4Data for mss #4 Teaching externTeaching extern Revise mss #3Revise mss #3 Resubmit K99Resubmit K99 Submit mss #4 Start exper for mss #5 Present at conf Year 4 Career networkingCareer networking Revise mss #4Revise mss #4 Apply for jobsApply for jobs Data for mss #5Data for mss #5 InterviewInterview Submit mss #5Submit mss #5 Start the job of my dreams Example Time Line Matrix

23. Some Career Planning Resources: National Postdoctoral AssociationNational Postdoctoral Association http://www.nationalpostdoc.org http://www.nationalpostdoc.org http://chronicle.com/jobs/100/700/ http://chronicle.com/stats/aaup/#tips http://www.training.nih.gov/webforms/postdoctoral/applicat ion/adIndex.aspxhttp://www.training.nih.gov/webforms/postdoctoral/applicat ion/adIndex.aspx http://careers.biospace.com/jobs/ http://www.postdocjobs.com/ http://www.tedjob.com/ http://www.biocareercenter.com/allschools/signup.html?s= 8http://www.biocareercenter.com/allschools/signup.html?s= 8 http://www.findapostdoc.com/ http://www.phds.org/postdoc/postdoctoral-fellowships/ http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/ http://www.dougsguides.com/pimentors http://cheekyscientist.com Career Options for Biomedical Scientists (Janssen) Guide to Non-Traditional Careers in Science (Kreeger)

24. http://www.dougsguides.com/pimentors

25. 1.Principal investigator in a research-intensive institution 2.Research staff in a research-intensive institution 3.Research in industry 4.Combined research and teaching career 5.Teaching-intensive careers in academia 6.Science education for K-12 schools 7.Science education for non-scientists 8.Clinical practice 9.Clinical research management 10.Public health related careers 11.Scientific/medical testing 12.Drug/device approval and production 13.Support of science-related products 14.Science writing 15.Research administration 16.Science policy 17.Intellectual property 18.Business of science 19.Entrepreneurship 20.Sales and marketing of science-related products 1 3 4 5 6 2

26. How are you going to achieve your career goal? 1.what do you know about this career? 2.why is this career interesting? 3.what will you do to find out more about this career? 4.how will you approach obtaining a job in this career?