1. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.  Research Findings and Need for Nutrition Policies For Healthy Development  The quality of the child's nutrition can affect cognition and learning  Child care staff's knowledge of nutrition has a direct effect on menu planning, modeling, and food selection.

2.  More children in child care  60% of children under 5 are in full time care  Children in care more than 8 hours per day will have 2 meals and 2 snacks per day  The longer the children are in child care, the more responsibility the teachers have to feed the children healthy meals ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

3.  Dietary guidelines are based on 4 principles:  1. reduce the incidents of obesity by reducing calorie intake  2. plant based diet, increase sea food, fat free/low fat milk, increase physical activity  3. significantly decrease eating foods containing added sugar, solid fat, and refined grains  4. meeting Physical Activity Guidelines ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

4.  Aim for fitness  60 minutes of active play/physical activity  cut down on screen time  Build a healthy base  consume nutrient dense food  reduce consumption of fast food, sugar beverages  eat breakfast Choose sensibly whole grains lean, low fat protein, fruits, vegetables ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

5.  My Plate Food System  Introduced in 2011 to replace the food pyramid as a model for understanding  Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, protein from both animal and non-animal sources and fat-free or low-fat dairy products  Puts foods into 3 categories to simplify choices: Balancing calories - enjoy foods, eat smaller portions Foods to increase - low fat milk, fruit, vegetables, WATER Foods to reduce - sodium, sugar snacks, sugar drinks ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

6. MyPlate (cont.) Balancing Calories - Enjoy your food, but eat less - Avoid oversized portions Foods to Increase - Make ½ your plate fruits and veggies - Make at least ½ of your grains, whole grains - Switch to fat-free or low fat milk Foods to Reduce - Drink water instead of sugary drinks - Refined grains (takes the nutrients out) - Compare sodium in foods like soups, bread and frozen meals and choose lower sodium options ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

8.  MyPlate encourages: Grains - wheat, rice, barley, oats Refined or enriched means the nutrients have been taken out :( Vegetables - children need more green, beans, peas, orange, and red Any vegetable or 100% vegetable juice count Fruit - any fruit and 100% fruit juice. Limit juice due to sugar ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

9.  Protein - meats, poultry, eggs, fish, dry beans, peas, nuts, seeds  Fish has healthy oils for your heart and brain Dairy - choose low fat/fat free milk Children age 0-1 year need infant formula because their bodies cannot digest cow's milk Children ages 1-2 need WHOLE milk. they need the fat for their brain and body development Cream cheese, butter, cream are bot counted as dairy because of the very little calcium ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

10.  EMPTY CALORIES -  Limit solid fats, high sodium, high sugar, fruit juice, pop, snacks, etc.  20% of children are overweight by age 6  My Plate encourages 60 minutes of physical activity per day for ages 6-17 per day, ages 2-5 multiple opportunities for exercise per day ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

11.  U.S. Daily Reference Intake (DRI)  Food Labels - Calories, fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates, protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, calcium, trans fats and iron  CHECK THE SERVING SIZE on the label!!!  New label will include updated serving sizes, reflection of real calories consumed and added sugars  FOP- front of package labels  GMOs - Genetically Modified Organisms - used to produce wheat, soybean, corn ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

12.  Child and Adult Care Food Program  child care centers can be reimbursed for a portion of their food costs if they follow set nutritional guidelines and meal patterns  Encourage more fruit, veges, milk, meat/substitute  LESS sweets, sugar, and juice  National School Lunch Program  schools must serve lunch that meet the standards, offer free or reduced lunch to eligible students, school wellness policy for physical activity ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

13.  How are we as a country doing on our eating habits?  How might we improve? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

14.  Nutrients  Substances found in foods that provide for growth, development and maintenance of our bodies  Broken in to two categories >> Macronutrients and micronutrients  Metabolism - chemical changes that take place as nutrients are taken into the blood, processed, and eliminated ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

15.  Basic Macronutrients are energy nutrients that provide calories Fats 9 calories/gram Proteins 4 calories/gram Carbohydrates 4 calories/gram Children needs carbs to fuel their muscles and brain. Children should never be put on a restricted diet from one specific group ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

16.  Gluten issues - some people cannot process the protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats  Celiac disease/gluten intolerance is not a food allergy  digestive upsets  autoimmune disease FATS energy reserves, source of energy, maintain body temp, healthy skin Ages 2-8. fats should be 20-35% of daily intake: meats, beans, dairy ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

17.  Concerns with Fat:  too much can lead to negative consequences high cholesterol, heart disease, Trans fats - saturated, vegetable shortening, butter vegetable fats are better than animal fats  Protein - 3rd source of energy  Children get protein from meat, eggs, beans, fish, milk products  lack of protein makes children tired, fatigued, irritable, slow recovery to wounds ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

18.  Protein  Third source of energy and will only be used as a source if all supplies of fat and carbohydrates are used  Complete proteins come from animal sources  Incomplete proteins come from plant sources such as beans, lentil and dried peas ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

19. Types of Fats Saturated >> raises cholesterol >> found in animal fats Monounsaturated >> is neutral >> found in olives, peanuts, nuts and avocado Polyunsaturated >> lowers cholesterol >> found in plants and plant oils Trans fats ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

20.  Vitamins - assist energy nutrients and aid in metabolism  Fat Soluble Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K  Water Soluble Vitamin B and Vitamin C ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

21.  Minerals Help the metabolic process and regulate body fluids Calcium Phosphorus Iron Sodium Magnesium Potassium Fluoride

22.  Micronutrient Deficiencies Most likely to Affect Children  Dental Caries Risk reduced by consuming adequate calcium, having fluoride in drinking water and brushing teeth  Iron-Deficiency Anemia Risk reduced by consuming adequate amounts of iron ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

23.  Water  Necessary to sustain life 70% of human body is water Water loss in body due to urination and evaporation Sources are most foods found in nature and water ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

24.  Allows one to understand what a child eats, where, when, why and how much  Types:  24-hour dietary recall Food Tracker on MyPlate is one example  Food frequency questionnaire  Direct Observation for food intake ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

25.  Families  Many families unaware of importance of diet  Support with educational materials about good dietary practices  Help with locating resources for families  Learn from families with children who have disabilities or special needs as they are often the “experts” on feeding their children  Activities for Family Engagement  Compare Asian and Hispanic food pyramids ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

26.  Cooking experiences  Field trips  Dramatic play  Community helpers ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.