1. Warm up! On a piece of notebook paper, define the following:
Chapters 19 & 20:
Stress
Topography
Isostasy
Take out your 18 study guide

2. Mountain Building

3. There are three main ways to make a mountain:
1) compression force
collision boundary
Examples: Himalayas, Appalachians

4. There are three main ways to make a mountain:
2) tension stress
Fault-block mountains
Examples: Sierra Nevada (CA), Grand Tetons (WY)

5. There are three main ways to make a mountain:
Rift valley
3) volcanoes
divergent boundary
subduction boundary
hot spots
New Island Forms
Examples: Iceland, East African Rift
trench
volcanic mountains
Examples: Cascades, Andes
Example: Hawaii

6. Plate Tectonics Review: Look for Mountains Forming in all 3 ways…
Wilson Cycle -

7. Most mountains are along continental margins
continental margin – boundary between continental and ocean crust

8. active margin – along a plate boundary (YES – mtn. building)
passive margin – not along a plate boundary
(NO – mtn. building)
Passive
East Coast US
Active
West Coast US

9. What forces and faults are involved in mountain building?
Shear Stress
Tension
Compression
Squeezing
Pulling Apart
Sliding Past

10. 3 types of stress:
1) compression – push together (like a convergent boundary)
Compression
Squeezing

11. 3 types of stress: 2) tension – pull apart (like a divergent boundary)
Pulling Apart

12. 3 types of stress:
3) shear – pushed in two, opposite directions (like a transform boundary)
Shear Stress
Sliding Past

13. What happens to rocks that are stressed?
They can bend into folds
They can break along faults

14. 4 types of faults: 1) normal fault – caused by tension
hanging wall moves down

15. 4 types of faults: 2) reverse fault – caused by compression
hanging wall moves up

16. 4 types of faults: 3) thrust fault – caused by very strong compression
plane of the fault is not very steep

17. 4 types of faults:
4) strike-slip fault
caused by shear stress

18. Strike Slip Fault
layers of rock slide by each other

19. Review: Identify Each type of fault1.
Normal 2.
Reverse 4. 3.
Thrust
Strike-Slip

20. Folds in rock layers:
anticline – top of a fold: looks like an “A”

21. Folds in rock layers:
syncline – bottom of a fold: looks like it “sinks”
Sideling Hill, MD

22. Folds in rock layers:
limb – slope of a side of a mountain

23. Compression

24. Identify the
2 folds.
syncline
anticline

25. Local Geology
Which province has the most folds?

26. Put it all together: On your own
Stress
Description
Fault
Plate Boundary
Arrows showing motion of plates
1. Reverse 2.
Divergent
Shear
Push
together
convergent
Thrust
compression
Pull
apart
tension
normal
Slide past
horizontally
Strike-slip
transform

27. Homework: Finish back of notes page on mountain building (review)
Next: The Rock Cycle