1. Aim #66: What relief programs were created by the second New Deal? Do now! Please read the song lyrics to the 2 songs (and listen) and answer the accompanying questions https://youtu.be/1cK3mE_bClE https://youtu.be/ujAg2-FnUikhttps://youtu.be/1cK3mE_bClEhttps://youtu.be/ujAg2-FnUik Manhasset HS was built from 1934- 1939 as a project of the Works Progress Administration…that’s right, thank you FDR

2. (II) Second New Deal a.1 st 2 nd years focused on recovery b.2 nd New Deal (2 nd two years of FDR’s presidency) goes further with reform and direct relief 1.Works Progress Administration: public works (bridges, road, parks, airports), but also artists, actors and writers 2.Resettlement Administration: provide loans to sharecroppers, small farmers

4. (II) Social Security Act of 1935 a.Would have greatest impact on future generations b.Established principle of federal responsibility for social welfare c.$ taken from payroll of employee and employers d.People over 65 would receive money (pension) e.Others included: unemployment insurance and the disabled

5. (III) Court Packing Plan a.Supreme Court had ruled 2 key New Deal program unconstitutional (NRA and the AAA) b.FDR devised a plan that would allow him to appoint additional justices 1.Critics saw this as a “court packing plan” (since President selects the nominee) as an assault on checks and balances c. FDR’s court reorganization 1.Congress establishes # of justices BUT… 2.FDR wanted to appoint more pro-New Deal justices 3.Wanted to increase court size to 15 (from 9)

6. (IV) Challenges to the New Deal a.Conservatives and business owners tended to dislike FDR 1.Did not like the government regulation and increase the size of the government 2.Critical of deficit spending (spending exceeds revenue) 3.FDR followed policies of British economics John Maynard Keynes (deficit spending was needed to stimulate economic growth) 4.Liberal critics: New Deal not doing enough for minority communities and poor

7. V. What was life like for Americans during the Depression? a. Women 1. More women looked for work to supplement family incomes 2. Women were accused of taking jobs from men 3.women received lower pay than men for the same work b. Dust Bowl Farmers (A severe drought in the early 1930s ruined crops in the Great Plains) 1. Thousands of “Okies” from Oklahoma and surrounding states moved west to California in search of farm or factory work (The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck) c. African American: Difficulties 1. they “last hired,” and “first fired” 2. Higher rates of unemployment (than the national average) 3. FDR provided little support to Civil Rights leaders out fear for loss of southern support d. Native Americans: saw repeal of the Dawes Act

8. VI. Impact a.New Deal creates a Democratic coalition of farmers, urban immigrants, union members, African Americans and women (all become supporters of the Democratic party at this time) b.Established federal responsibility for society (safety net) c.New Deal does not end the Great Depression (WWII does) d.Continued debate about deficit spending and the welfare state

9. 9 THE END OF THE NEW DEAL FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND THE THREAT OF WAR OVERSHADOWED DOMESTIC ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. THE NEED TO PREPARE FOR WAR AND SUPPORT OUR ALLIES BROUGHT FULL EMPLOYMENT AS FACTORIES RUSHED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE MILITARY. LEGACY OF THE NEW DEAL: HOW DID IT CHANGE AMERICA? INCREASE IN THE POWER OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INCREASE OF THE ROLE THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PLAYS IN THE LIFE OF THE PEOPLE GROWTH OF EXECUTIVE POWER THE USE OF DEFICIT SPENDING AS A TECHNIQUE FOR MAINTAINING THE ECONOMIC HEALTH OF THE NATION CREATION OF A WELFARE STATE AND THE ACCEPTANCE THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE THE RIGHT OF WORKING PEOPLE TO ORGANIZE UNIONS TO ADVANCE THEIR ECONOMIC INTERESTS RENEWED INTEREST IN PRESERVING AND PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT MAJOR CONSTRUCTION AND INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE STILL WITH US TODAY SHOWED THAT DEMOCRACY IS CAPABLE OF RESPONDING TO MAJOR DISRUPTIONS AND HAS THE TOOLS TO REFORM ITSELF