1. The Dangers of Alcohol By Melissa Stickle, LCSW, CASAC

2. Concerned About Your Drinking? Alcohol Screening Self Assessment This self assessment tool is designed to assist you in understanding your use of alcohol. The following ten questions pertain to your use of alcoholic beverages during the past year.. Check your answers and record the score (the number next to each choice) for each question. In the question. In the questions, a "drink" is equal to 10oz. of beer, 4oz. of wine, or 1.25oz. of 80 proof liquor. 1. How often do you have a drink containing alcohol? ___ Never (0) ___ Monthly or less (1) ___ 2 to 4 times a month (2) ___ 2 to 3 times a month (3) ___ 4 or more times a week (4) 2. How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you are drinking? ___ Never (0) ___ 1 or 2 (1) ___ 3 or 4 (2) ___ 5 or 6 (3) ___ 7 to 9 (4) ___ 10 or more (5) This self assessment tool is designed to assist you in understanding your use of alcohol. The following ten questions pertain to your use of alcoholic beverages during the past year.. Check your answers and record the score (the number next to each choice) for each question. In the question. In the questions, a "drink" is equal to 10oz. of beer, 4oz. of wine, or 1.25oz. of 80 proof liquor. 1. How often do you have a drink containing alcohol? ___ Never (0) ___ Monthly or less (1) ___ 2 to 4 times a month (2) ___ 2 to 3 times a month (3) ___ 4 or more times a week (4) 2. How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you are drinking? ___ Never (0) ___ 1 or 2 (1) ___ 3 or 4 (2) ___ 5 or 6 (3) ___ 7 to 9 (4) ___ 10 or more (5)

3. Alcohol Screening Self Assessment 3. How often do you have six or more drinks on one occasion? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost daily (4)3. How often do you have six or more drinks on one occasion? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost daily (4) 4. How often during the last year have you found that you were unable to stop drinking once you had started? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost daily (4) 5. How often during the past year have you failed to do what was normally expected because of drinking? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4)4. How often during the last year have you found that you were unable to stop drinking once you had started? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost daily (4) 5. How often during the past year have you failed to do what was normally expected because of drinking? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4)

4. Alcohol Screening Self Assessment 6. How often during the last year have you needed a first drink in the morning to get yourself going after a heavy drinking session? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4) 7. How often during the last year have you had feeling of guilt or remorse after drinking? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4) 8. How often during the last year have you been unable to remember what happened the night before because you had been drinking? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4)6. How often during the last year have you needed a first drink in the morning to get yourself going after a heavy drinking session? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4) 7. How often during the last year have you had feeling of guilt or remorse after drinking? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4) 8. How often during the last year have you been unable to remember what happened the night before because you had been drinking? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4)

5. Alcohol Screening Self Assessment 9. Have you or someone else been injured as a result of your drinking? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4) 10. Has a relative, friend, or doctor or other health worker been concerned about your drinking or suggested you cut down? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4)9. Have you or someone else been injured as a result of your drinking? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4) 10. Has a relative, friend, or doctor or other health worker been concerned about your drinking or suggested you cut down? ___ Never (0) ___ Less than monthly (1) ___ Monthly (2) ___ Weekly (3) ___ Daily or almost every day (4)

6. Scoring and Interpretation Determine your total score by adding up the scores for all 10 questions. A score of 8 or more indicates that a harmful level of alcohol consumption is likely and that you should seek help.

7. Alcohol Myths

17. Effects of Alcohol If you are like many Americans, you may drink alcohol occasionally. Or, like others, you may drink moderate amounts of alcohol on a more regular basis. If you are a woman or someone over the age of 65, this means you have no more than one drink per day; if you are a man, this means you have no more than two drinks per day. Drinking at these levels usually is not associated with health risks and may help prevent certain forms of heart disease.If you are like many Americans, you may drink alcohol occasionally. Or, like others, you may drink moderate amounts of alcohol on a more regular basis. If you are a woman or someone over the age of 65, this means you have no more than one drink per day; if you are a man, this means you have no more than two drinks per day. Drinking at these levels usually is not associated with health risks and may help prevent certain forms of heart disease.

18. But did you know that even moderate drinking, under certain circumstances, can be risky? If you drink at more than moderate levels, you may be putting yourself at risk for serious problems with your health as well as problems with family, friends, and coworkers. This booklet explains some of the problems that can be caused by drinking that you may not have considered.But did you know that even moderate drinking, under certain circumstances, can be risky? If you drink at more than moderate levels, you may be putting yourself at risk for serious problems with your health as well as problems with family, friends, and coworkers. This booklet explains some of the problems that can be caused by drinking that you may not have considered.

19. What Is a Drink?What Is a Drink? A standard drink is:A standard drink is: One 12-ounce bottle of beer* or wine coolerOne 12-ounce bottle of beer* or wine cooler One 5-ounce glass of wineOne 5-ounce glass of wine 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits.1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits. *Different beers have different alcohol content. Malt liquor has a higher alcohol content than most other brewed beverages*Different beers have different alcohol content. Malt liquor has a higher alcohol content than most other brewed beverages

20. Binge Drinking and Blackouts Drinkers who experience blackouts typically drink too much and too quickly, which causes their blood alcohol levels to rise very rapidly. College students may be at particular risk for experiencing a blackout, as an alarming number of college students engage in binge drinking. Binge drinking, for a typical adult, is defined as consuming five or more drinks in about 2 hours for men, or four or more drinks for womenDrinkers who experience blackouts typically drink too much and too quickly, which causes their blood alcohol levels to rise very rapidly. College students may be at particular risk for experiencing a blackout, as an alarming number of college students engage in binge drinking. Binge drinking, for a typical adult, is defined as consuming five or more drinks in about 2 hours for men, or four or more drinks for women

21. Drinking and Driving It may surprise you to learn that you don’t need to drink much alcohol before your driving ability is affected. For example, certain driving skills can be impaired by blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) as low as 0.02 percent. (The BAC refers to the amount of alcohol in the blood.) A 160-pound man will have a BAC of about 0.04 percent 1 hour after drinking two 12- ounce beers or two other standard drinks on an empty stomach (see the box, “What Is a Drink?”). And the more alcohol you drink, the more impaired your driving skills will be. Although most States set the BAC limit for adults who drive after drinking at 0.08 percent, driving skills are affected at much lower levelsIt may surprise you to learn that you don’t need to drink much alcohol before your driving ability is affected. For example, certain driving skills can be impaired by blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) as low as 0.02 percent. (The BAC refers to the amount of alcohol in the blood.) A 160-pound man will have a BAC of about 0.04 percent 1 hour after drinking two 12- ounce beers or two other standard drinks on an empty stomach (see the box, “What Is a Drink?”). And the more alcohol you drink, the more impaired your driving skills will be. Although most States set the BAC limit for adults who drive after drinking at 0.08 percent, driving skills are affected at much lower levels

22. Facts About Alcohol Poisoning Excessive drinking can be hazardous to everyone's health! It can be particularly stressful if you are the sober one taking care of your drunk roommate, who is vomiting while you are trying to study for an exam.Excessive drinking can be hazardous to everyone's health! It can be particularly stressful if you are the sober one taking care of your drunk roommate, who is vomiting while you are trying to study for an exam. Some people laugh at the behavior of others who are drunk. Some think it's even funnier when they pass out. But there is nothing funny about the aspiration of vomit leading to asphyxiation or the poisoning of the respiratory center in the brain, both of which can result in death.Some people laugh at the behavior of others who are drunk. Some think it's even funnier when they pass out. But there is nothing funny about the aspiration of vomit leading to asphyxiation or the poisoning of the respiratory center in the brain, both of which can result in death.

23. Do you know about the dangers of alcohol poisoning? When should you seek professional help for a friend? Sadly enough, too many college students say they wish they would have sought medical treatment for a friend. Many end up feeling responsible for alcohol-related tragedies that could have easily been prevented.Do you know about the dangers of alcohol poisoning? When should you seek professional help for a friend? Sadly enough, too many college students say they wish they would have sought medical treatment for a friend. Many end up feeling responsible for alcohol-related tragedies that could have easily been prevented. Common myths about sobering up include drinking black coffee, taking a cold bath or shower, sleeping it off, or walking it off. But these are just myths, and they don't work. The only thing that reverses the effects of alcohol is time-something you may not have if you are suffering from alcohol poisoning. And many different factors affect the level of intoxication of an individual, so it's difficult to gauge exactly how much is too muchCommon myths about sobering up include drinking black coffee, taking a cold bath or shower, sleeping it off, or walking it off. But these are just myths, and they don't work. The only thing that reverses the effects of alcohol is time-something you may not have if you are suffering from alcohol poisoning. And many different factors affect the level of intoxication of an individual, so it's difficult to gauge exactly how much is too much

24. Critical Signs for Alcohol Poisoning Mental confusion, stupor, coma, or person cannot be roused.Mental confusion, stupor, coma, or person cannot be roused. Vomiting.Vomiting. Seizures.Seizures. Slow breathing (fewer than eight breaths per minute).Slow breathing (fewer than eight breaths per minute). Irregular breathing (10 seconds or more between breaths).Irregular breathing (10 seconds or more between breaths). Hypothermia (low body temperature), bluish skin color, paleness.Hypothermia (low body temperature), bluish skin color, paleness.

25. What Should I Do If I Suspect Someone Has Alcohol Poisoning? Know the danger signals.Know the danger signals. Do not wait for all symptoms to be present.Do not wait for all symptoms to be present. Be aware that a person who has passed out may die.Be aware that a person who has passed out may die. If there is any suspicion of an alcohol overdose, call 911 for help. Don't try to guess the level of drunkenness.If there is any suspicion of an alcohol overdose, call 911 for help. Don't try to guess the level of drunkenness.

26. What Can Happen to Someone With Alcohol Poisoning That Goes Untreated? Victim chokes on his or her own vomit.Victim chokes on his or her own vomit. Breathing slows, becomes irregular, or stops.Breathing slows, becomes irregular, or stops. Heart beats irregularly or stops.Heart beats irregularly or stops. Hypothermia (low body temperature).Hypothermia (low body temperature). Hypoglycemia (too little blood sugar) leads to seizures.Hypoglycemia (too little blood sugar) leads to seizures. Untreated severe dehydration from vomiting can cause seizures, permanent brain damage, or death.Untreated severe dehydration from vomiting can cause seizures, permanent brain damage, or death.

27. Even if the victim lives, an alcohol overdose can lead to irreversible brain damage. Rapid binge drinking (which often happens on a bet or a dare) is especially dangerous because the victim can ingest a fatal dose before becoming unconscious.Even if the victim lives, an alcohol overdose can lead to irreversible brain damage. Rapid binge drinking (which often happens on a bet or a dare) is especially dangerous because the victim can ingest a fatal dose before becoming unconscious. Don't be afraid to seek medical help for a friend who has had too much to drink. Don't worry that your friend may become angry or embarrassed-remember, you cared enough to help. Always be safe, not sorry.Don't be afraid to seek medical help for a friend who has had too much to drink. Don't worry that your friend may become angry or embarrassed-remember, you cared enough to help. Always be safe, not sorry.

28. Interactions With Medications Drinking alcohol while taking certain medications can cause problems. In fact, there are more than 150 medications that should not be mixed with alcohol. For example, if you are taking antihistamines for a cold or allergy and drink alcohol, the alcohol will increase the drowsiness that the medicine alone can cause, making driving or operating machinery even more dangerous. And if you are taking large doses of the painkiller acetaminophen (Tylenol®) and drinking alcohol, you are risking serious liver damage. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before drinking any amount of alcohol if you are taking any over-the-counter or prescription medicines.Drinking alcohol while taking certain medications can cause problems. In fact, there are more than 150 medications that should not be mixed with alcohol. For example, if you are taking antihistamines for a cold or allergy and drink alcohol, the alcohol will increase the drowsiness that the medicine alone can cause, making driving or operating machinery even more dangerous. And if you are taking large doses of the painkiller acetaminophen (Tylenol®) and drinking alcohol, you are risking serious liver damage. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before drinking any amount of alcohol if you are taking any over-the-counter or prescription medicines.

29. Health Problems Some problems, like those mentioned previously, can occur after drinking over a relatively short period of time. But other problems—such as liver disease, heart disease, certain forms of cancer, and pancreatitis— often develop more gradually and may become evident only after many years of heavy drinking. Women may develop alcohol-related health problems sooner than men, and from drinking less alcohol than men. Because alcohol affects nearly every organ in the body, long- term heavy drinking increases the risk for many serious health problems, some of which are described belowSome problems, like those mentioned previously, can occur after drinking over a relatively short period of time. But other problems—such as liver disease, heart disease, certain forms of cancer, and pancreatitis— often develop more gradually and may become evident only after many years of heavy drinking. Women may develop alcohol-related health problems sooner than men, and from drinking less alcohol than men. Because alcohol affects nearly every organ in the body, long- term heavy drinking increases the risk for many serious health problems, some of which are described below

30. Brain How does alcohol effect the brain? How does alcohol effect the brain? When alcohol reaches the brain, it immediately has a depressant effect. People who drink alcohol may describe the change as relaxing. What they actually experience are physical changes such as loss of sensation and a decrease in sharpness of vision, hearing, and other senses. Alcohol also affects the parts of the brain that control muscle coordination, which is why drinkers may loose their balance or stumble. When alcohol reaches the brain, it immediately has a depressant effect. People who drink alcohol may describe the change as relaxing. What they actually experience are physical changes such as loss of sensation and a decrease in sharpness of vision, hearing, and other senses. Alcohol also affects the parts of the brain that control muscle coordination, which is why drinkers may loose their balance or stumble.

31. Brain If drinking continues, alcohol depresses the part of the brain that controls breathing and heart beat. Breathing rates, pulse rates, and blood pressure, which initially increased, now decrease. A drinker may loose consciousness, slip into a coma, or die from alcohol poisoning If drinking continues, alcohol depresses the part of the brain that controls breathing and heart beat. Breathing rates, pulse rates, and blood pressure, which initially increased, now decrease. A drinker may loose consciousness, slip into a coma, or die from alcohol poisoning Heavy drinkers and many first-time drinkers may suffer blackouts. Other people recall seeing the drinker walking, talking, and in control. The following day however, the drinker has no memory of some events the day before. Heavy drinkers and many first-time drinkers may suffer blackouts. Other people recall seeing the drinker walking, talking, and in control. The following day however, the drinker has no memory of some events the day before.

32. Brain Two 20 year old females. Top view of brain, two inches above ears. Colored areas show active brain areas during memory task

33. Heart The heart has the important job of getting oxygen to every cell in the body. Accomplishing this task is not that easy for such a small organ, as it weighs between 7 and 15 ounces.The heart has the important job of getting oxygen to every cell in the body. Accomplishing this task is not that easy for such a small organ, as it weighs between 7 and 15 ounces. Some research has indicated that having some alcohol can provide health benefits to the heart. However, drinking alcohol, even in moderation, can create health risks such as a slight rise in blood pressure. High blood pressure associated with heavy drinking makes the heart work harder than it needs to and can be a key risk factor for coronary heart disease, leading to heart attacks and strokes. In addition, with increased intake of alcohol, levels of some fats in the blood can become elevated (high blood triglycerides), which could cause heart problems.Some research has indicated that having some alcohol can provide health benefits to the heart. However, drinking alcohol, even in moderation, can create health risks such as a slight rise in blood pressure. High blood pressure associated with heavy drinking makes the heart work harder than it needs to and can be a key risk factor for coronary heart disease, leading to heart attacks and strokes. In addition, with increased intake of alcohol, levels of some fats in the blood can become elevated (high blood triglycerides), which could cause heart problems.

34. Heart Excessive drinking of alcohol (binge drinking) can also lead to stroke and other serious health problems. These other problems can include cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle), cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal contraction patterns of the heart) and sudden cardiac death.Excessive drinking of alcohol (binge drinking) can also lead to stroke and other serious health problems. These other problems can include cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle), cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal contraction patterns of the heart) and sudden cardiac death.

35. Liver Even moderate social drinkers can experience liver damage. Diseases such as "fatty liver," hepatitis, or cirrhosis can develop from heavy alcohol consumption. Even moderate social drinkers can experience liver damage. Diseases such as "fatty liver," hepatitis, or cirrhosis can develop from heavy alcohol consumption. "Fatty liver" is the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease. In this condition, liver cells become swollen with fat globules and water. If drinking is stopped at this point however, the liver is capable of healing itself."Fatty liver" is the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease. In this condition, liver cells become swollen with fat globules and water. If drinking is stopped at this point however, the liver is capable of healing itself. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, which causes soreness and swelling. Hepatitis can be caused by many things, such as drinking too much alcohol and taking some medications. Viruses are also a cause for hepatitis. Advanced liver damage makes it difficult for your body to break down waste products (such as bilirubin) in your blood, therefore causing jaundice, a condition where your skin turns a yellow-orange color. Waste products in the bloodstream can also cause itching, nausea, fever, and body aches.Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, which causes soreness and swelling. Hepatitis can be caused by many things, such as drinking too much alcohol and taking some medications. Viruses are also a cause for hepatitis. Advanced liver damage makes it difficult for your body to break down waste products (such as bilirubin) in your blood, therefore causing jaundice, a condition where your skin turns a yellow-orange color. Waste products in the bloodstream can also cause itching, nausea, fever, and body aches.

36. Liver Another serious liver disease is cirrhosis that can develop by exposure to harmful chemicals. However, the most common cause of cirrhosis in this country is drinking too much alcohol. This is better known as alcoholic cirrhosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis causes the cells of the liver to be damaged beyond repair. As liver cells die, scar tissue forms. When this scar tissue builds up, blood can't flow through the liver properly.Another serious liver disease is cirrhosis that can develop by exposure to harmful chemicals. However, the most common cause of cirrhosis in this country is drinking too much alcohol. This is better known as alcoholic cirrhosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis causes the cells of the liver to be damaged beyond repair. As liver cells die, scar tissue forms. When this scar tissue builds up, blood can't flow through the liver properly. Normally, toxins and wastes in the blood get filtered (cleaned) out when blood passes through the liver. If scar tissue keeps blood from flowing normally through the liver, the blood doesn't get filtered. Toxins and wastes can build up in the body. This can lead to mental confusion, agitation, or tremors (shaking). In serious cases it can even lead to coma. Once scarring has progressed, nothing can be done to repair the liver or cure cirrhosis. Treatment is aimed at avoiding further damage to the liver and preventing and treating complications such as bleeding from broken blood vessels. Liver transplantation is the only option.Normally, toxins and wastes in the blood get filtered (cleaned) out when blood passes through the liver. If scar tissue keeps blood from flowing normally through the liver, the blood doesn't get filtered. Toxins and wastes can build up in the body. This can lead to mental confusion, agitation, or tremors (shaking). In serious cases it can even lead to coma. Once scarring has progressed, nothing can be done to repair the liver or cure cirrhosis. Treatment is aimed at avoiding further damage to the liver and preventing and treating complications such as bleeding from broken blood vessels. Liver transplantation is the only option.

37. Liver More than 25,000 Americans die each year from chronic liver disease. Experts say that about 70 percent are due, at least in part, to alcohol abuse. Transplants, an effective treatment for diseased livers, are not easy to come by, especially if you are currently drinking.More than 25,000 Americans die each year from chronic liver disease. Experts say that about 70 percent are due, at least in part, to alcohol abuse. Transplants, an effective treatment for diseased livers, are not easy to come by, especially if you are currently drinking.

38. Stomach The stomach is designed to process and transport food. Ingesting healthy foods makes this organ run smoothly.The stomach is designed to process and transport food. Ingesting healthy foods makes this organ run smoothly. After ingestion, alcohol travels down the esophagus into the stomach, where some of it is absorbed into your bloodstream. The unabsorbed alcohol continues to move through the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of it will enter the small intestine and get absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine, or it can stay in the stomach and cause irritation.After ingestion, alcohol travels down the esophagus into the stomach, where some of it is absorbed into your bloodstream. The unabsorbed alcohol continues to move through the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of it will enter the small intestine and get absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine, or it can stay in the stomach and cause irritation.

39. Stomach While in the stomach, alcohol acts as an irritant and increases digestive juices (hydrochloric acid) that are secreted from the stomach lining. Intoxicating amounts of alcohol can halt the digestive process, robbing the body of vital vitamins and minerals. Chronic irritation may lead to damage to the lining of the stomach.While in the stomach, alcohol acts as an irritant and increases digestive juices (hydrochloric acid) that are secreted from the stomach lining. Intoxicating amounts of alcohol can halt the digestive process, robbing the body of vital vitamins and minerals. Chronic irritation may lead to damage to the lining of the stomach. Drinking alcohol and taking medication that causes stomach irritation, such as aspirin, can cause gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining), ulcers, and severe bleeding.Drinking alcohol and taking medication that causes stomach irritation, such as aspirin, can cause gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining), ulcers, and severe bleeding.

40. Kidneys Alcohol prevents the release of body chemicals that regulates how much urine the kidneys make. The kidneys produce more urine than usual, and the drinker looses more water than usual. The drinker becomes very thirsty. In extreme cases, a drinker may loose water needed for the body to function properly. Alcohol prevents the release of body chemicals that regulates how much urine the kidneys make. The kidneys produce more urine than usual, and the drinker looses more water than usual. The drinker becomes very thirsty. In extreme cases, a drinker may loose water needed for the body to function properly.

41. A Snapshot of Annual High-Risk College Drinking Consequences The consequences of excessive and underage drinking affect virtually all college campuses, college communities, and college students, whether they choose to drink or not.The consequences of excessive and underage drinking affect virtually all college campuses, college communities, and college students, whether they choose to drink or not. Death: 1,700 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 die each year from alcohol-related unintentional injuries, including motor vehicle crashes (Hingson et al., 2005). Injury: 599,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are unintentionally injured under the influence of alcohol (Hingson et al., 2005).Death: 1,700 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 die each year from alcohol-related unintentional injuries, including motor vehicle crashes (Hingson et al., 2005). Injury: 599,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are unintentionally injured under the influence of alcohol (Hingson et al., 2005).Hingson et al., 2005Hingson et al., 2005Hingson et al., 2005Hingson et al., 2005

42. A Snapshot of Annual High-Risk College Drinking Consequences Assault: More than 696,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are assaulted by another student who has been drinking (Hingson et al., 2005). Sexual Abuse: More than 97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape (Hingson et al., 2005). Unsafe Sex: 400,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 had unprotected sex and more than 100,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 report having been too intoxicated to know if they consented to having sex (Hingson et al., 2002).Assault: More than 696,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are assaulted by another student who has been drinking (Hingson et al., 2005). Sexual Abuse: More than 97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape (Hingson et al., 2005). Unsafe Sex: 400,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 had unprotected sex and more than 100,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 report having been too intoxicated to know if they consented to having sex (Hingson et al., 2002).Hingson et al., 2005Hingson et al., 2005Hingson et al., 2002Hingson et al., 2005Hingson et al., 2005Hingson et al., 2002

43. A Snapshot of Annual High-Risk College Drinking Consequences Academic Problems: About 25 percent of college students report academic consequences of their drinking including missing class, falling behind, doing poorly on exams or papers, and receiving lower grades overall (Engs et al., 1996; Presley et al., 1996a, 1996b; Wechsler et al., 2002).Academic Problems: About 25 percent of college students report academic consequences of their drinking including missing class, falling behind, doing poorly on exams or papers, and receiving lower grades overall (Engs et al., 1996; Presley et al., 1996a, 1996b; Wechsler et al., 2002).Engs et al., 1996; Presley et al., 1996a, 1996b;Wechsler et al., 2002Engs et al., 1996; Presley et al., 1996a, 1996b;Wechsler et al., 2002 Health Problems/Suicide Attempts: More than 150,000 students develop an alcohol-related health problem (Hingson et al., 2002) and between 1.2 and 1.5 percent of students indicate that they tried to commit suicide within the past year due to drinking or drug use (Presley et al., 1998).Health Problems/Suicide Attempts: More than 150,000 students develop an alcohol-related health problem (Hingson et al., 2002) and between 1.2 and 1.5 percent of students indicate that they tried to commit suicide within the past year due to drinking or drug use (Presley et al., 1998).Hingson et al., 2002Presley et al., 1998Hingson et al., 2002Presley et al., 1998 Drunk Driving: 2.1 million students between the ages of 18 and 24 drove under the influence of alcohol last year (Hingson et al., 2002).Drunk Driving: 2.1 million students between the ages of 18 and 24 drove under the influence of alcohol last year (Hingson et al., 2002).Hingson et al., 2002Hingson et al., 2002

44. A Snapshot of Annual High-Risk College Drinking Consequences Vandalism: About 11 percent of college student drinkers report that they have damaged property while under the influence of alcohol (Wechsler et al., 2002). Property Damage: More than 25 percent of administrators from schools with relatively low drinking levels and over 50 percent from schools with high drinking levels say their campuses have a "moderate" or "major" problem with alcohol- related property damage (Wechsler et al., 1995). Police Involvement: About 5 percent of 4-year college students are involved with the police or campus security as a result of their drinking (Wechsler et al., 2002) and an estimated 110,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are arrested for an alcohol-related violation such as public drunkenness or driving under the influence (Hingson et al., 2002).Vandalism: About 11 percent of college student drinkers report that they have damaged property while under the influence of alcohol (Wechsler et al., 2002). Property Damage: More than 25 percent of administrators from schools with relatively low drinking levels and over 50 percent from schools with high drinking levels say their campuses have a "moderate" or "major" problem with alcohol- related property damage (Wechsler et al., 1995). Police Involvement: About 5 percent of 4-year college students are involved with the police or campus security as a result of their drinking (Wechsler et al., 2002) and an estimated 110,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are arrested for an alcohol-related violation such as public drunkenness or driving under the influence (Hingson et al., 2002).Wechsler et al., 2002Wechsler et al., 1995Wechsler et al., 2002Hingson et al., 2002Wechsler et al., 2002Wechsler et al., 1995Wechsler et al., 2002Hingson et al., 2002

45. A Snapshot of Annual High-Risk College Drinking Consequences Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: 31 percent of college students met criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse and 6 percent for a diagnosis of alcohol dependence in the past 12 months, according to questionnaire-based self-reports about their drinking (Knight et al., 2002Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: 31 percent of college students met criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse and 6 percent for a diagnosis of alcohol dependence in the past 12 months, according to questionnaire-based self-reports about their drinking (Knight et al., 2002Knight et al., 2002Knight et al., 2002

46. Q and A