1. Making DBCC CHECKDB Go Faster Argenis Fernandez Senior Database Engineer SurveyMonkey argenis@gmail.com @DBArgenis http://www.sqlblog.com/blogs/argenis_Fernandez/

2. About your Speaker Today… Member of the Database Engineering team at SurveyMonkey Formerly: Senior Consultant, Microsoft Consulting Services & Senior DBA at Outerwall and Ultimate Software Microsoft Certified Master: SQL Server 2008, Microsoft Certified Solutions Master: Charter - Data Platform 2014 Friend of Red Gate Software 2012-2013 Idera SQL Server ACE DBA/Dev/SysAdmin for 15 years Loves Windows and SQL Server Internals Regular Speaker (PASS Summit, PASS SQLRally, SQLBits XI, TechEd 2013, IT/DevConnections) Twitter enthusiast; infrequent blogger.

3. Why Am I Qualified To Speak About This? My name is not Paul Randal I took consistency checks on our 8.4TB database from 9+ days down to 10 hours on slower storage, 6 hours on an all-flash array Note: This session lasts < 60 minutes, so we are not going to watch paint dry

4. Making DBCC CHECKDB Go Faster Get the biggest server you can find with the fastest CPUs, all the RAM you can pack on it and all PCI-Express based storage Tune Windows Tune SQL Server You’re Done!

5. Consistency Checks? Why Should I Care?

6. What Causes Corruption?

7. What Should Be My Goal? What Am I Trying To Achieve?

8. What Should Be My Goal? To try to make DBCC CHECKDB run as fast as possible? No, you cannot really measure as fast as possible. Use a baseline, but which one? BACKUP DATABASE TO DISK = ‘NUL’ That is your theoretical “limit”

10. What Kind Of Hardware Do I Need?

11. Obviously the fastest, biggest the better, but: It’s perfectly okay to offload consistency checks to a smaller, slower box knowing that it’ll take longer, but you will not impact your production instance AS LONG as you run WITH PHYSICAL_ONLY checks on the primary/prod instance In that case, it can be commodity hardware

12. Offloading Consistency Checks

13. Where Is It Okay To Offload Consistency Checks To? Log Shipping Secondary on STANDBY? Snapshot on a Mirroring Partner? Replication Subscriber? AlwaysOn Availability Groups Readable Secondary? Restored copy of the prod database from a fresh FULL backup? SAN Snapshot?

14. What Does CHECKDB Actually Do?

15. Breakdown of DBCC CHECKDB Tasks DBCC CHECKALLOC DBCC CHECKTABLE DBCC CHECKCATALOG Checks metadata and filesystem directories/files for FILESTREAM Checks Service Broker structures Breaking down these processes separately might be a good choice if you have extremely large databases

16. Great, But How Do I Make It Go Faster??

17. Check Your Power Plan On Windows Default is “Balanced” – awful Set to “High Performance” Use powercfg.cpl or powercfg.exe to correct Consider disabling all power saving features in your server’s BIOS/UEFI settings Verify you are okay by leveraging CPU-Z from http://www.cpuid.comhttp://www.cpuid.com

18. tempdb Defaults Suck. Fix them. tempdb’s default data file size sucks (8MB data/1MB log) Its autogrowth settings suck (10% for both files) The number is tempdb files is usually not optimal PFS/SGAM/GAM contention can be observed in a lot of systems Increase to # of files = # of cores to begin with for <= 8 cores For > 8 cores increase by 4 as long as you see contention For a good brain-melting discussion on tempdb, watch Bob Ward’s “Inside Tempdb” talk at the 2011 PASS Summit, available here: bit.ly/1gF3qi6bit.ly/1gF3qi6 Run DBCC CHECKDB WITH ESTIMATEONLY to get an idea of how much tempdb space consistency checks will require

19. The Default MAXDOP Sucks. Fix It. CHECKDB can and will go parallel on Enterprise Edition MAXDOP default is zero Change to number of cores per NUMA node Use SysInternals’ COREINFO.EXE to find out how many Cores/NUMA node in your system Check out Paul Randal’s blog post on CHECKDB DOP scalability http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/dbcc-checkdb-scalability-and- performance-benchmarking-on-ssds/ http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/dbcc-checkdb-scalability-and- performance-benchmarking-on-ssds/ You can choose to turn off parallelism for CHECKDB with Trace Flag 2528

20. Consider BYOS: Bring Your Own Snapshot Applies to Enterprise Edition only CHECKDB creates an internal snapshot to obtain a consistent view of the database before it performs any checks You can choose to roll your own snapshot and run CHECKDB against it You can choose to keep the NTFS alternate stream (copy-on-write) files on different storage

21. Consider Using WITH TABLOCK, go Single-User, or Read-Only Probably not feasible in your environment Database is not available to regular users No snapshot needed, nor one is created

22. Consider Using Trace Flags Trace Flags 2549 and 2562 were specifically created to increase performance of CHECKDB on very large databases Documented in this KB: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2634571http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2634571 Aaron Bertrand has a list of builds that support these trace flags here: http://www.sqlperformance.com/2012/11/io-subsystem/minimize-impact-of- checkdb - the _entire_ article is a must read http://www.sqlperformance.com/2012/11/io-subsystem/minimize-impact-of- checkdb Although developed specifically to increase WITH PHYSICAL_ONLY performance, the KB acknowledges that they can also increase the performance of full checks – and we have observed that they do help a bit in our environment [CAUTION] Test carefully – these might have a negative impact on performance!

23. Consider Disabling/Dropping Certain Non-Clustered Indexes On Computed Columns http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/dbcc-checkdb-performance-and- computed-column-indexes/ http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/dbcc-checkdb-performance-and- computed-column-indexes/ Filtered on Sparse Columns http://sqlblog.com/blogs/argenis_fernandez/archive/2013/06/16/dbcc- checkdb-on-vvldb-and-latches-or-my-pain-is-your-gain.aspx http://sqlblog.com/blogs/argenis_fernandez/archive/2013/06/16/dbcc- checkdb-on-vvldb-and-latches-or-my-pain-is-your-gain.aspx Blame the expression evaluator

24. Consider Limiting The Memory Available to CHECKDB Wait, WHAT??? CHECKDB grossly overestimates the amount of memory it will need to execute, stealing pages from the Buffer Pool and decreasing overall performance Use Resource Governor to limit. Enterprise Edition only http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/jonathan/dbcc-checkdb-execution- memory-grants-not-quite-what-you-expect/ http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/jonathan/dbcc-checkdb-execution- memory-grants-not-quite-what-you-expect/ Our tests point to a 1GB of execution memory is usually optimal

25. Questions?

26. Thank You!

27. Resources Ola Hallengren’s Maintenance solution: http://ola.hallengren.comhttp://ola.hallengren.com Paul Randal’s blog, CHECKDB category: http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/category/checkdb-from-every- angle/ http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/category/checkdb-from-every- angle/

28. Contact Information argenis@gmail.com @DBArgenis http://www.sqlblog.com/blogs/argenis_Fernandez/