1. English Settlement of the Americas

2. English Settlements In 1588, England defeated the Spanish Armada which ended Spain’s dominance Unlike the Spanish, English colonies were funded and maintained by joint stock companies. With the first English settlement being attempted by Sir Walter Raleigh – The Lost Island of Roanoke – though being unsuccessfulLost Island of Roanoke

4. England’s Foothold in America King James I granted a charter to two joint stock companies (The Virginia Company) who were interested in the challenge. The investors would receive 4/5 of the gold and silver founded by the colonists with the king receiving the remaining 1/5.two joint stock companies 1607:The Virginia Company’s 3 ships with 150 passengers left for the shores of Virginia…Named after Elizabeth “the virgin queen” The Colonists named the settlement Jamestown and the river the James, in honor of their king

5. Jamestown It was a disastrous start for the settlement of Jamestown and John Smith. Disease from contaminated river hit the colonist first. Unaccustomed by a life of labor, the settlers refused to clear fields, plant crops, or gather shellfish By winter time, only 38 colonists remained alive. Smith persuaded the nearby Powhatan to help provide food for the winter

6. Jamestown’s Further Demise In 1609, about 600 new colonists arrived Clashes with the Native Americans over the growing threat of settlers. Jamestown had deteriorated to the point of famine. “Starving Time” – the colonists ate roots, rats, snakes, boiled shoe leather. Of the 600 new colonists only about 60 survived

7. Jamestown Begins to Flourish 1: Peace agreement between natives and settlers formed. Due to John Rolfe marrying the famous Pocahontas 2 : Stabilized colony by expanding farther inland along the James River. 3. Important to the colony’s growth was the strain of tobacco founded by John Rolfe. Saving Grace

8. Brown Gold By the 1620’s, colonist exported more than 1.5 million pounds of “brown gold” to England each year. colonists needed a key ingredient: Field laborers. Slavery of Native Americans begins, later, Africans

9. 10:2 Give 3 Reasons why Jamestown flourished

10. Virginia Colony Continued hostilities between Powhatan and English after starving time Makes James I angry –James I revokes Co.’s charter and made Virginia a royal colony: under the direct rule of the King.

11. First Representative Body Problems within Virginia leads to town meetings leading to: House of Burgesses: first met in Jamestown on July 30, 1619. Included two citizens from each of Va. 11 districts Raise taxes, make laws. English governor had the authority to veto anything passed

12. Bacon’s Rebellion Uprising of Va. frontiersmen by Nathaniel Bacon. Arose due to the rich elite v. poor farmers Farmers said Governor Berkley was not providing protection against Native raids Berkley fled the capital and Jamestown was burned. Rebellion collapsed when Bacon died

13. Luring Settlers:1618 Headright System: under this system, anyone who paid their own way or another’s way to the colony received 50 acres of land Indentured servant: person would agree to a limited term of servitude ~ 4 to 7 years.

14. Puritan New England Puritans wanted to “purify” the church of Catholic ritualsPuritans Puritans wanted to create a “holy” community. This group founded the 2 nd permanent English settlement in North America Some Puritans wanted to separate from any church affiliation, they became known as Separatist Separatist One of the most popular groups of Separatist were the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony. Pilgrims The Mayflower Compact signed by the Pilgrims was the first written form of government.Mayflower Compact

16. “City Upon a Hill” John Winthrop obtained a charter for a joint – stock company known as the Massachusetts Bay Co.Massachusetts Bay Co. The colony was based on religion instead of a get rich colony Puritans believed they should be a moral example for others to follow The colony believed that drunkenness, swearing, and idleness were all crimes. All male church members could vote. Church and state were not separate.

17. 10:2 In 5 sentences explain the difference between Puritan New England and the Jamestown colony.

18. Boston was named the capital city for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

19. Dissenters Roger Williams banished from colony, fled to a place south of Massachusetts: Providence, Rhode Island Providence, Rhode Island Preached separation of church and state… Practiced religious toleration. Stealing land from Natives Ann Hutchinson people did not need ministers and could and should interpret the Bible for themselves. banished from the colony, fled to Rhode Island

20. Conflict between the colonists and Native Americans Major conflict was over: RELIGION and LAND Pequot War and King Phillip’s War

21. Native American Culture Trade Routes Religious Beliefs Land Use Social Organization - Contact - Transcontinental -many spirits -Dead guide living -Supreme being – “Great Spirit” -life source -Not for sale -Specific uses -kinship bonds -Division of labor -Family as basic unit Native Americans

22. Native American Relations Colonists brought disease such as small pox to the America’s. More natives were killed through disease than weapons

23. Pequot War 1637, Pequot Indians took a stand against the colonists Colonists surrounded Fort at Mystic River Pequot were massacred

24. King Philip’s War: 1675 An attempt to unite all natives to defeat the English. Native Americans resisted colonial laws and revolted After a year long battle & food shortage the Indians were forced to give up. 52/90 colonial towns were attacked with 16 being destroyed. Puritans displayed Metacom’s (King Philip) severed head in Plymouth for 20 years.

25. 10:2 List 5 reasons why turmoil between the colonists and the natives existed.

26. Settlement of the Middle Colonies New Netherland Founded by Dutch in 1621 – to expand fur trading Diversity: Slow to colonize Germans and Scandinavians join English takeover 1664 Duke of York gets permission from king to push out the “Dutch Wedge” Later gives land to friends calls it New Jersey

27. Pennsylvania William Penn’s father died,King Charles II owed his father money…Penn asked for the money to be exchanged for land in America Quakers: Protestant sect whose religious and social beliefs were radical for the time period. believed that God’s inner light burned inside everyone. held services without formal ministers, dressed plainly, refused to refer to persons of rank, opposed war, and refused to serve militarily

28. Holy Experiment Penn guaranteed every adult male 50 acres of land and the right to vote. The government called for a representative assembly and freedom of speech Planned the capital city of “City of Brotherly Love” Philadelphia

29. Pennsylvania Native American Relations Penn treats Native American fairly, no conflict for over 50 years Had court to settle any disputes A Thriving Colony Penn recruits immigrants; thousands of Germans go to Pennsylvania Quakers become minority; slavery is introduced

30. 10:2 In 3-5 sentences explain the difference between the middle colonies and the New England colonies.