1. THREE PHASE LOCOMOTIVE By K.SRIKANTH – (07891A0246) Project Guide: N.Rajasekhar, Sectional Engineer E4 section, SCR Internal Guide: B.Raju, M.tech Assistant professor

2. Min p History of Indian Railways 1853 First railway train journeyed distance of 22 miles between Bombay and Thana. Initially, operated by private companies of Englishmen. 1925-1950 GOI took over the all the private railway companies. Development accelerated with the 5-year Plans INDIAN RAILWAYS have now become a largest unified State- enterprise.

3. Railway Zones in India S.NoNameHeadquartersDate of Establishment 1.Northern RailwayDelhiApril 14, 1952 2.North Eastern RailwayGorakhpur1952 3.Northeast Frontier RailwayMaligaon (Guwahati)1958 4.Eastern RailwayKolkataApril 14, 1952 5.South Eastern RailwayKolkata1955 6.South Central RailwaySecunderabadOct' 2, 1966 7.Southern RailwayChennaiApril 14, 1951 8.Central RailwayMumbaiNov' 5, 1951 9.Western RailwayMumbaiNov' 5, 1951 10.South Western RailwayHubliApril 1, 2003 11.North Western RailwayJaipurOct' 1, 2002 12.West Central RailwayJabalpurApril 1, 2003 13.North Central RailwayAllahabadApril 1, 2003 14.South East Central RailwayBilaspur, CGApril 1, 2003 15.East Coast RailwayBhubaneswarApril 1, 2003 16.East Central RailwayHajipurOct' 1, 2002 17.Konkan RailwayNavi MumbaiJan' 26, 1998

4. Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda First established in 1893 Closed in 1992. Renamed as Electric Loco Shed on September 6 th, 1995 Best loco shed in India Maintenance cost has been reduced from Rs 16.73lacs/loco to Rs 12.24 lacs/loco Call for maintenance of loco has raised to 45 days and 30,000kms.

5. What is this seminar about? Introduction about Locomotives Supply system for the loco Basic equipments in the loco How a loco works? A comparative study of three phase locomotive and a conventional locomotive

6. Designation of Locomotives FIRST TERM SECOND TERMTHIRD TERM LetterGauge Distance b/w the rails (m) LetterPowerLetterLoad WBroad1.676DDieselM Mixed traffic YMeter1.000C DC Traction PPassenger ZNarrow0.762A AC Traction GGoods NNarrow0.609BBattery Electric SShunting Some of the names of locos:::: WAG9, WAP7 etc

9. Supply system DC supply using third rail system  1.5KV DC  H azard of electric shock 1 -Φ AC system  2 5 KV AC  P oor regulation

11. Over Head Equipment C atenaries D roppers 1.Constant tension type 2.Cable goes over pulley terminated by weight 3.Height 5.5m from rail 4.Current section of contact wire 107sq.mm

12. Components of Locomotive P antograph V acuum circuit breaker E arthing switch S urge arresters H armonic filters M ain transformer T raction motor B attery T raction converter A uxiliary converter

13. Pantograph c ollects power from OHE T wo pantographs for one loco A ir pressure is used to raise or lower s trips are made of manganese steel s upported by insulators

15. Vacuum circuit breaker Disconnects the loco from OHE in case of o ver voltages o ver currents s hort circuit p ower surges

17. Surge Arresters Two surge arresters One to roofline second to High voltage bushing protects from lightening

18. Transformer Make: ABB 5400 KVA 6 secondary windings converter : 4 Auxiliary converter : 1 Harmonic filter : 1 Two motors for cooling and oil pumping

20. Traction motor Make : ABB's 6FRA 6068 Power output : 850kW Rated voltage : 2180V Min / max speed : 1283/2484 rpm Current ratings : 270/310A. Weight :2100kg Axle-hung, nose-suspended.

23. Traction motor Battery Cell typeNickel/ Cadmium No. of cells per battery3 No. of batteries per box13 No. of battery boxes2 Nominal voltage of each cell1.4v Total Battery voltage1.4 x 3 x 26 = 110v U sed to generate power to rise or lower the pantograph C abin lighting C ab heaters H ead lights P arking lights C ontrol electronics Functions: Specifications :

24. Battery Block diagram of Locomotive

25. Traction Converter  L ine converter  I ntermediate DC link  D rive converter It’s a combination of the following:::: I ts purpose is to convert available single phase power to three phase power

26. Line converter G G module is used to convert AC to DC T wo modules are present with GTOs F iring pulses are given using control electronics 2 Χ 14 GTOs are used 2 X 1269 Volts is the output

27. GG module GTO

28. DC Link F ormed by series of large capacitors V oltage rating : 2800V DC Application: M aintains constant voltage B locks line voltage if it exceeds the rated value (2800V DC) A cts as source for some time if the line voltage falls below the rated value

29. Drive converter C onverts DC power to three phase power which is fed to traction motors A lso converts generated 3-phase power to DC power under regenerative braking. Output parameters: v oltage : 2800V (line to line) c urrent : 740 A P ower : 2105 KW F requency : 65-132 Hz

30. Over head linesPantographSurge arresters Vacuum circuit breaker Voltage measurements Earthing switch Current measurement Transformer Rectifier module DC link Inverter module Traction motors Power Flow in a loco

34. Auxiliary converter functions S upplies power to all the cooling equipment T otal of 13 three phase induction motors are used E xample: oil cooling blowers – 2 Traction motor blowers – 2 Transformer oil pump - 1 Traction converter oil pumps – 2 Compressors – 2 Scavenger blowers – 2 Machine room blowers - 2

35. Speed control V/F control is used to control the speed

36. Braking Systems Mechanical braking D ynamic braking R egenerative braking

37. Mechanical Braking C ontrolled using air pressure generated by compressor. W hen pressure falls below 10kg/m^2 brakes are applied Advantages: s peed of the loco can be reduced to zero completely Disadvantages: F requent maintenance E xcessive generation of heat D ifficult to apply in rainy season

38. Dynamic Braking S upply is cut off to the motors and high resistances are added in series B raking is achieved with the dissipation of heat through resistors N ot used in modern locomotives Disadvantages: p ower generated is wasted in the form of heat m ore chances of sparking

39. Regenerative braking A dvanced braking system in modern locomotives T he motors act as generators and the loco becomes a small power generation unit. P ower is fed back to OHE. Advantages: S imple in operation Z ero ware and tare s mooth controlling Disadvantages: L oco can be stopped up to 0 Kmph but cannot be held stopped.

40. General Features of 3-phase loco D igital Electronics control system o n board fault diagnosis system S imulation mode of operation E lectronic speedometer E lectronic energy meter F ire detection and alarm system S pacious driving cabs E lectronic brake system E lectronic controlled vigilance system

41. Advantages of 3-phase loco over conventional s ize of traction motor is less M aintenance cost is low I nduction motors are very robust F ull power is available up to the maximum speed R egenerative braking is more effective o perates nearly at unity power factor V ery less weight

42. Gear Traction motor Where is the change???

43. Analysis & conclusion C onventional locos has less advantages compared to modern locos M aintenance is very high for conventional loco G TOs has the following disadvantages LL arge turn on and turn off times LL ow power rating CC urrent controlled devices IGBTs can be replaced with GTOs to overcome the disadvantages.

44. Any queries ?

45. Points to be cleared:: Series motor will have high starting torque when compared to induction motor. How can this be compensated? Why two pantographs? why only the rare panto is raised always? How the train stops when someone pull the chain?

46. sh

47. Mr. N.Rajasekhar, sectional Engineer Mr. K.Laxman (conventional loco assistant pilot) Dr. M.Venkata Ramana sir Mr. R.Durga Rao sir, Mr. C.Harinatha Reddy sir, Mr. B.Ankaiah sir, Mr. B.Raju sir, And my other batch mates for their kind cooperation and support. My sincere thanks to:::