1. Publishing within the Institutional Repository (IR) Tim Tamminga, The Berkeley Electronic Press ALA Midwinter - 2009

2. Scholarly publishing today Changing role of Libraries Convergence of Institutional repositories (IRs and Publishing) IRs as archives alone tend to fail Strategies for Publishing as a Service Examples of Publishing within the IR

3. Issues with scholarly publishing

4. Historical perspective Scholarly publishing was largely based on the principle of gifts: authors give their treatises to others in exchange for access to theirs. In the 1960s, commercial publishers began to produce scholarly journals and charge prices that produced a profit for them. This profit motive now drives many scholarly societies as well David Shulenburger, Vice President for Academic Affairs, National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges (NASULGC), in the closing keynote, SPARC Digital Repositories meeting, November 2008

5. Publishing today “Vice Chancellors for Research and Deans are witnessing the gradual diminution of publishing options and opportunities for UC faculty, particularly in the arts and humanities.” “Junior faculty are beginning to struggle to get the book contracts they need for tenure and promotion; faculty working in innovative fields or non-traditional projects are constrained by a publishing model that cannot serve their needs; and campus resources are increasingly compromised by the commercial publishing culture” University of California taskforce on University Publishing. 2008 by Catherine Candee & Lynne Withey

6. Small scholarly publishers are struggling Many small publishers struggle with declining subscription bases, particularly domestically and even research libraries report regular journal cancellations projects. Most of the journals that are lagging in the development of electronic formats are from publishers who print one or a handful of titles Research Library Publishing Services: New Options for University Publishing. Karla Hahn, March 2008. Published by ARL

7. Small societies are struggling Most small societies have a journal or newsletter. The societies cannot sustain these publications in print form. They also are losing members, especially younger members. They don’t know how to transition from print to electronic Publications tend to lack the credentials of more mainstream journals Additional services are needed to retain members and keep them involved

8. Libraries are struggling economically January 19, 2009. Email from the International Coalition of Library Consortia (ICOLC) to the world: “The ICOLC library consortia consider the current [economic] crisis of such significance that we cannot simply assume that libraries and publishers share a common perspective about the magnitude of the crisis and the best approaches to cope with it.”

9. Role of the Library in Changing publishing paradigms

10. Role of the Library and the University in Publishing “UC faculty would like to see the university play a more active role in blunting the effect of the commercialization of academic publishing, but they will not and cannot risk their own academic lives to make it happen. The university must step in.” University of California taskforce on University Publishing. 2008 by Catherine Candee & Lynne Withey

11. Library publishing services are happening now 65% of ARL libraries are delivering or planning to provide publishing services Of these, 88% were publishing journals 79% were publishing conference papers & proceedings 71% were publishing monographs Research Library Publishing Services: New Options for University Publishing. Karla Hahn, March 2008. Published by ARL

12. Publishing Services not isolated “Publishing services are not usually treated as an isolated operating unit, the way a university press might be. They are typically embedded in an emerging program of related services – digital repository development…” Research Library Publishing Services: New Options for University Publishing. Karla Hahn, March 2008. Published by ARL

13. Convergence of Publishing and Institutional Repositories (IRs)

14. The IR as a repository alone has limited value for the university -Faculty don’t care and don’t contribute -Provosts and Deans don’t bless or fund because the IR doesn’t seem relevant to their strategic mission

15. Paul Royster’s initial approach to get faculty content I started out armed with a slick PowerPoint presentation showing 1) the advantages of having your articles online in an open-access repository, and 2) how easy it was to do. I went to dozens of department meetings and gave my spiel seeking to recruit participants who would upload their own articles. Response rate: <10% Maybe I need a new metaphor?

16. “If you build it, they will come.” W. P. Kinsella, Field of Dreams A baseball fantasy....

17. Yogi Berra (looking at the empty seats in Cleveland’s Municipal Stadium): “If people wanna stay away, nobody can make ‘em.” Baseball reality....

18. “IR deposit is not an end in itself… It should be a byproduct of the services you provide to your institutions. You provide services, you solve problems, and as a byproduct of that you get content in your repository.” IR initiatives are “ambitiously striving to make advancements in both [collection and service] areas, by offering alternatives to publisher-controlled access to scholarship, enhancing dissemination of grey literature and management of data sets, and building tools and services to promote growth and exploitation of content.” Catherine Mitchell, CDL. from Mellon Report on IR CIC success, Palmer et al.

19. One of those services can and should be Publishing “This suggests a role for the IRs beyond that of archival storage and accessibility enhancement: in fact, they are well-suited to become online publishers giving voice to a wide range of authors normally excluded, put off, or ill-served by the vagaries, idiosyncrasies, delays, obligations, and hoops-jumping of the conventional publication routes.” Paul Royster, "Publishing Original Content in an Institutional Repository" Serials Review (2007).

20. Strategies for publishing as part of the Library’s portfolio of IR services

21. October 10, 2008 Developing the Service Model Positioned not as a technology but a set of services Profile creation, digitization, copyright clearance, description & upload on behalf of the faculty Out with jargon & in with benefits Assertive & persistent outreach methods Use of several different methods to contact faculty Institutional Repository Colloquium Building an Institutional Repository For Your Campus Colloquium, by Marisa Ramirez. San Luis Obispo, CA, October 10, 2008.

22. October 10, 2008 Early Wins Thought leaders (administration) Opinion leaders (key faculty) Unexpected champions (campus entities) Institutional Repository Colloquium

23. October 10, 2008 Original photograph by Jesse MillanJesse Millan

24. Examples of publishing services

25. Size of institution is no barrier

27. Collaborative projects between the university and external partners

28. Regional and collaborative publishing

29. A collaboration between the UC Davis John Muir Institute of the Environment, the State of California The Resources Agency and the US Federal Dept of the Interior.

30. Preservation of discontinued publications

31. Contributions in Black Studies: A Journal of African and Afro-American Studies (CIBS) was launched in 1977. CIBS was a Five College collaboration of Africana Studies scholars at UMass Amherst, Hampshire, Mount Holyoke, Amherst, and Smith Colleges. that lasted over two decades. The journal ceased publication in the 1999.

32. Issue page

33. Collaborations with the university press

34. Open access journals: University Presses looking for low-cost options and collaborations with the Library.

35. Reviews and outreach to external communities that need to share in the University’s expertise

37. Editors and small societies looking for a home for their journals and publications

38. The Electronic Green Journal (EGJ) is one of the first peer- reviewed environmental on- line journals promoting an open access publishing model. Since its inception in July of 1994, the EGJ has allowed all Internet users unrestricted access to original articles, book reviews, and information on international environmental topics.

39. Scholarly niche or specialty journals

40. Originally started in 1971 as a print journal. The Library persuaded the editors to switch to electronic format in 2003. This is a subscription-based journal

41. Publishing within DC allows additional content, providing a rich context for the journal

42. University centers or institutes who need a forum to share their research

43. UMass Amherst’s Center for Etruscan Studies

44. DC supports creation of valuable collections as part of the publishing service

45. New sources of original content – student journals

46. Journals for or about students. Student-run journals Journals page at Illinois Wesleyan University

47. Res Publica is a nice example of a journal celebrating the scholarship of undergraduate students. Faculty selected those papers that make the most contribution to Political Science

48. ETDs

49. The ability to store and disseminate original research by Masters & PhD students is powerful, both for the student and the university

50. “Cal Poly's President Baker sees the repository as a place to show off Cal Poly students' senior portfolios. He got excited when he understood that he could point prospects and their parents to the portfolios as examples of what their student can accomplish at Cal Poly.” Paraphrased from a speech by Michael Miller, Dean of Library Services, Cal Poly, Closing Remarks, Putting Knowledge to Work: Building an Institutional Repository for Your Campus, October 10th, 2008.

51. Conferences, proceedings & workshops Events Handling submissions Peer review for selection of papers Proceedings and presentations – managing and displaying

52. An annual conference at UMass that is expanding to a journal and supporting materials – like a downloadable poster

53. A one-time conference. The library hosted a Colloquium on IRs on Oct 2008. The presentations by Marisa Ramirez and Brian Kennelly are particularly interesting.

54. Non-journal publications e.g., dictionaries

55. Dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference works

56. Could even provide alternative revenue streams

57. As of Jan 22, 2009, SPARC has established a resource center for library publishing

58. The Library has the structure in place: You have the people. Your subject librarians talk to your faculty. They know where the research is happening. You have the expertise. The library is an expert in the management, preservation and dissemination of scholarly communications. You have the technology. The repository is the technology that can preserve, publish, and publicize. As a publisher and service-provider, the library has the chance to establish itself as the “hub” of campus wide scholarly communications. Why should the library care?

59. Basic principles of having a successful publishing service Establish a business case aligned with the university mission and mandates Ensure that Provosts and Deans are partners and stakeholders Align customer-facing librarians with the project Research, plan, market, publicize and sell on an ongoing basis