1. An Integrated English Course Book 1 Unit 1

2. Learning Objectives Learning Objectives By the end of this unit, you are supposed to grasp the author’s purpose of writing and make clear the structure of the whole passage through an intensive reading of Text 1 Never Say Goodbye. comprehend the topic sentences in Text 1 thoroughly and be able to paraphrase them. get a list of new words and structures and use them freely in conversation and writing. be aware of the cross-cultural differences in the social behavior of Giving Gifts.

3. Teaching Procedures Pre-reading Questions Text I. Never Say Goodbye ● Passage ● Structure analysis ● Main idea of the passage ● Language points ● sentence studies ● vocabulary studies Text II. The Dinner Party

4. Pre-reading questions Have your family ever moved from one place to another? If you have, how did you feel when you were going to be away from the old house for good?

5. Text 1. Never Say Goodbye When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the only home I had ever known. My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations.confrontedanguishMy whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house gracefullylaughter and tears When the final day came, I ran to the haven of the small back porch and sat alone, shuddering, as tears welled up from my heart. Suddenly I felt a hand rest upon on my shoulder. I looked up to see my grandfather. “It isn’t easy, is it ， Billy?” he said softly, sitting down on the steps beside me.havenporchshudderinwelled up I felt a hand rest upon on my shoulder “Grandpa,” I replied through my tears, “how can I ever say goodbye to you and all my friends ？ ”through my tears For a moment he just stared off into the apple trees. “Goodbye is such a sad word,” he said. “It seems too final, too cold, for friends to use. We seem to have so many ways of saying goodbye and they all have one thing in common: sadness.”stared off into have one thing in common I continued to look into his face. He gently took my hand in his. “Come with me, my friend,” he whispered.look into gently whispered We walked, hand in hand, to his favorite place in the front yard, where a huge red rosebush sat conspicuously alone.hand in handrosebush conspicuously “What do you see here, Billy?” He asked I looked at the flower, not knowing what to say, and then answered, “I see something soft and beautiful, Grandpa.” KneelingKneeling, he pulled me close. “It isn’t just the roses that are beautiful, Billy. It is that special place in your heart that makes them so.” His eyes met mine again. “Billy, I planted these roses a long, long time ago------ before your mother was even a dream. I put them into soil the day my first son was born. It was my way of saying thank-you to God. That boy’s name was Billy, just like yours. I used to watch him pick roses for his mother.”before your mother was even a dreamI used to watch him pick roses for his mother I saw my grandfather’s tears. I had never seem him cry before. His voice became hoarse.hoarse.

6. “One day a terrible war came, and my son, like so many sons, went away to fight a great evil. He and I walked to the train station together … Three months later a telegram came. My son had died in some tiny Village in Italy. All I could think of was that the last thing I said to him in this life was goodbye.”like so many sons, went away to fight a great evil. tiny Grandpa slowly stood up. “Don’t ever say goodbye, Billy. Don’t ever give in to the sadness and the loneliness of that word. I want you to remember instead the joy and the happiness of those times when you first said hello to a friend. Take that special hello and lock it away within you ------ in that place in your heart where summer is an always time. When you and your friends must part, I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that first hello.”give in Take that special hello and lock it away within you I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that first hello.” A year and half later, my grandfather became gravely ill. When he returned from several weeks in the hospital, he wanted his bed next to the window, where he could see his beloved rosebush.gravelybeloved Then the family was summoned and I returned to the old house. It was decided that the oldest children would be allowed to say their goodbyes.summoned When it came to my turn, I noted how tired he looked. His eyes were closed and his breathing was slow and hard. I took his hand as gently as he had once taken mine. “Hello, Grandpa,” I whispered. His eyes slowly opened. “Hello, my friend,” he said, with a brief smile. His eyes closed again and I moved on. I was standing by his rosebush when an uncle came to tell me that my grandfather had died. Remembering Grandpa’s words, I reached deep within me for those special feelings that had made up our friendship. Suddenly, and truly, I knew what he had meant about never saying goodbye ------ about refusing to give in to the sadness.Remembering Grandpa’s words, I reached deep within me for those special feelings that had made up our friendship 676 words

7. Structure Analysis The passage can be divided into three parts. Part One: (Paragraphs 1-4)Part One bringing up the problem the author was confronted with: it is hard to overcome the sadness as the moment of parting drew near. So he turned to his grandpa for help. – Para. 1: beginning of the story ---introducing the background – Para. 2-4: the author learned from his grandfather the implication of GOODBYE

8. Part Two: (Paragraphs 5-13) Part Two By narrating his sad experience of the loss of his eldest son during the war, the grandpa illustrates how one can overcome the sad feeling resulting from the loss of someone dear to him by recalling not the moment of parting but the happy times spent together. – Para. 5-9: the grandpa’s intention of saying “it isn’t just the roses that are beautiful; it is that special place in your heart that makes them so.” – Para 10-13: The telling of the story related to the rosebush. The message of the text is conveyed in Para. 13

9. Part Three : (Para. 14-20):Part Three By the way he behaved when confronted with another sad moment---the loss of his grandpa, the author shows us that he came to understand what his grandpa had taught him. Main Idea of the passage The text is the author’s recall of his most important and unforgettable experiences that came about when he was between 10 and 12. He had learned from his grandfather the profound meaning of “ Never say goodbye” and became firm and strong-willed as a child. The author wants to tell us that we should never give in to sadness, that we should always be firm and strong-willed, and that we should always remember the joyful and happy events of life as well as our cherished friendship. This message is conveyed through his grandfather’s narration of his own life experience.

10. LANGUAGE POINTS Confront – 1) be faced with and have to deal with E.g. The actress was confronted by a large group of reporters as she left the stage door – 2)force to deal with or accept the truth of; bring face to face with E.g. When the police confronted her with the evidence, she confessed she was guilty.

11. Touched with the laughter and tears of four generations – touched with the happiness and bitterness of four generations. The sentence implies that “…the house which had seen and/witnessed the joys and sorrows of the four generations of my family.” – touch: have an effect on one’s feelings; to cause one to feel pity, sympathy, etc. E.g. His sad story so touched us that we nearly cried. – * be touched with: have a certain amount of quality E.g. Her hair is touched with gray.

12. Well (of liquid) flow or start to flow E.g. Blood welled (out) from the cut. She was so moved that tears welled (up, forth, out) in her eyes. To rise or surge from an inner source Anger welled up in me.

13. rest on/upon – 1)lean on; to be supported by – E.g. The girl’s head rested on her hands. – 2)(esp. of a proof, argument, etc.) be based on; be grounded on; depend on E.g. Your argument rests on a statement than cannot be proved. through one’s tears – With tears in one’s eyes; while shedding tears – Through: among or between the parts or members of E.g. I searched through my papers for the missing documents.

14. stare – 1) look steadily for a long time, esp. in great surprise or shock E.g. He sat staring into space, thinking deeply. – 2) be very plain to see; to be obvious E.g. The lies in the report stared out at us from every paragraph. – * stare off: stare away; to move one’s eyes

15. whisper – 1) speak or say very quietly so that only a person cloze by can hear E.g. She whispered a warning to me and then disappeared. – 2) (of the wind, etc) make a soft sound E.g. The leaves of the trees were whispering in the wind.

16. Before your mother was even a dream – before your mother was born / before we thought of having a daughter. pick – 1) take what one likes or considers best, or more suitable from a group. E.g. He has been picked to head the planning committee. – 2)gather; pull or break off (part of a plant) from a tree or a plant E.g. He picked some roses and gave them to his girlfriend. – 3) take up or remove something separately or bit by bit using the fingers, a beak, a pointed instrument, etc. The dog picked the bone clean. Idioms: pick out, pick over, pick up pick out: to choose somebody/something from a number of people/things pick over: to look carefully at (vegetables, fruit, clothing, etc.) in order to select the best or throw away the bad ones pick up: to become better, improve; to give somebody a lift in a car

17. lock it away within you – Fasten it firmly in your mind; imprint it on your mind; bear it in your mind and never forget it. …in that place in your heart where summer is an always time. – In that place in your heart where there is always sunlight and warmth. / which is always filled with joy and happiness. Here SUMMER is a metaphor. – “Always” here is used by the Grandpa as an adjective, which revealed that he was not well- educated. *Sociolinguistic knowledge: Your accent betrays you.

18. TEXT 2: The Dinner Party Mona Gardner The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests------ army officers and government attaches and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist ------ in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters, and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.A colonial official attaches A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a colonel who says that they haven’t.that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era “A woman’s unfailing reaction in any crisis,” the colonel says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of nerve control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what counts.” while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of nerve control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what counts The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead her muscles contracting slightly. With a slight gesture she summons the servant standing behind her chair and whispers to him. The servant’s eyes widen, and he quickly leaves the room.

19. The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing ------ bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters ------ the likeliest place ----- but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left ------ under the table.The American comes to with a start His first impulse is to jump back and warn others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so arresting that it sobers everyone. “I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred --- --- that’s five minutes ------ and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit fifty rupees. Ready!”rupees The twenty people sit there like stone images while he counts. He is saying “… two hundred and eighty …” when, out of the corner of his eye he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut. “You were right, Colonel!” the host exclaims. “ A man had just shown us an example of perfect control.” “ Just a minute,” the American says, turning to his hostess. “Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?” A faint smile lights up the woman’s face as she replies,”because it was crawling across my foot.”

20. Comprehension questions 1. On what topic did the colonel and the young girl disagree? 2. What kind of expression did the American notice came over the face of the hostess? 3. What did the American realize the bowl of milk meant? 4. What did the American realize was happening? 5. How did the American react to the crisis? 6. What did the American say to make sure that everyone remained perfectly still? 7. Why did the hostess’s face light up with a faint smile? 8. What qualities did both the American and the hostess display?

21. Main Idea The Dinner Party, one of the best known short stories of Mona Gardner, takes place in India earlier last century, when India was still a colony ruled by Great Britain. At the very beginning, there is a disagreement between the colonel and a young girl as to whether women are still easy to be scared. Then a snake came into the room, the hostess, with the help of an American, escaped the danger of a possible attack by the cobra. In the story, both the man and the woman demonstrated the marvelous quality of self- control.

22. Notes to text II Mona Gardner (1990---1981) was born in Seatle, Washington. She lived in Hong Kong, South Africa, and California, among other places, and she also traveled widely. Many of her novels and stories are in India. The Dinner Party, her best known short story, take place in India earlier last century, when India was still a colony ruled by Great Britain. Colonial official: a British citizen appointed to a governmental position in India, a British colony for many, many years until 1947. Attaches: persons with special duties on the staff of an embassy to another country. … that woman have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of- a-mouse-era: …that women have passed the time when they would jump on a chair at the sight of a mouse. Here the word, a typical example of journalistic style, “jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a- mouse” is a compound adjective formed from an attributive clause. Back to the text

23. And while a man may feel like it he has that ounce more of nerve control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what counts. Even though a man is also likely to “jump on a chair at the sight of a mouse”, he has at least the last bit of self-control to refrain himself from jumping up. And it is the self-control that matters. The American comes to with a start. The American becomes aware of the potential danger with a sudden shock. This sentence is grammatically loose for the phrase “comes to”, being used to express that somebody begins to realize something is not followed by a necessary object, i.e., something happening etc. Rupees: Indian coins. Ten rupees was worth about one US dollar at the time of the story. Back to the text

24. Confront: be faced with and have to deal with Confront Anguish: very great pain and suffering Gracefully: politely and pleasantly Laughter and tears: happiness and unhappiness Haven: a place of calm and safety Porch: a roofed entrance built out from a house Shudder: shake uncontrollably for a moment ot of fear, coldor dislike; to make a strong shaking movement Well up/ out: (of liquid) flow or start to flow Rest: to lean on; to be supported by ; (esp. of a proof, argument, etc.) be based on; to be grounded on; depend on Through one’s tears: when someone is crying Stare off into: stop watching sth. and look at sth. else steadily/ to stare away; to move one’s eyes from a point nearby to a farther place and fix them on it or look at it steadily Have sth. in common: share the same quality or interest Look into: to try to find out about; to examine the meaning or cause of Gently: in a manner or way that is not rough, violent, or severe Back to the TextBack to the Text

25. Whisper: speak or say very quietly, so that only a person close by can hear; (of the wind, leaves, etc.) make a soft sound Hand in hand: holding each other’s hand; happening together and closely connected Conspicuously: easily seen or noticed Kneel: go down onto one’s knees Hoarse: sounding rough and hard. e.g. have a hoarse voice Evil: great wickedness or misfortune; morally bad; wicked Tiny: extremely small Give in: to allow oneself to be beaten; to agree to do something that you had at first opposed Lock sth. away: keep sth. Secret Part: be no longer together (part from somebody; part with something; part company with somebody/something) Bring back: make sb. remember sth.; to cause to return Gravely: very seriously Beloved: deeply loved Summon: to order officially to come Back to the textBack to the text

26. My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big house, gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations. I spent my whole life, although it was so brief, in that big house, in which four generations had lived harmoniously and experienced both happiness and sadness. Brief as it was: In a formal style, as can be used in a special word order to mean although. The construction suggests a very emphatic contrast. Cold as it was, they went out. (Although it was so cold, they went out.) Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning. (Although they fought so bravely they no chance of winning.) I felt a hand rest on my shoulder. The word feel can be followed by the “object + infinitive without to” structure in an informal style. Did you feel the earth move? He felt her hand tense up in his. Back to the TextBack to the Text

27. Rosebush: 玫瑰丛 I planted these roses a long, long time ago – before your mother was even a dream: I planted these roses a long, long time ago before your mother was born. I used to watch him pick roses for his mother. The word watch can be followed by the “object + infinitive without to” or “object + -ing” structure. There is often a difference of meaning. We use infinitive after watch tro indicate the whole of an action or event, and we use an –ing form to suggest part of an action. I watched her cross the road. (from one side to the other) I watched her crossing the road. (in the middle of the road, on her way across) so many sons, went away to fight a great evil: Many sons left home to fight against the Fascist Nazi. Back to the Text

28. Take that special hello and lock it away within you ------ in that place in your heart where summer is an always time. Take the first friendly greeting and always keep it deep in your heart/ Remember that special hello and keep it to yourself so that you will be always filled with the joy and happiness of summer. By the way the word always is an adverb, hardly ever used as an adjective. it is used as an adjective, however, by the writer in the meaning of “everlasting”, an always time means an everlasting season. I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that first hello: I want you to get to the bottom of your heart and recall that first hello. / I want you to think deeply and recall the friendly occasions on which you met your friends and said hello to them for the first time. Remembering Grandpa’s words, I reached deep within me for those special feelings that had made up our friendship. Remembering Grandpa’s words, I tried to bring back to my mind the joy and happiness that I had shared with him. Back to the Text

29. Cultural information Prior to the 1960s, the national optimism was one of American’s main characters. It was so distinctly American that it set the United States apart from all other nations. In no other countries were people so optimistic about their own lives, their own future, their own government as those in the United States. Americans had a firm faith in the possibility, even the probability, of progress. They believed that everything would naturally change for the better. This attitude was based upon the past experiences of their own and their country. In the early times, American settlers had to depend on their own hands in doing everything in order to survive. In the vast wilderness and in the constant struggle against nature, they gradually got the habit of trying something new to make life easier and better. They habitually had the faith in automatic improvement. As a result, the invention of countless work- saving devices and ready-made products did improve the quality of their lives.

30. Word comparison Group 1: A. anger B. discomfort C. unhappiness D. anguish A. Anger means a strong and sometimes violent feeling of displeasure, usu. leading to a desire to hurt or stop the person or thing causing it; it also means extreme annoyance. E.g. Paul’s face was filled with anger. B. Discomfort means lack of comfort, or a feeling of worry or embarrassment. E.g. If the exercise causes discomfort, stop immediately. C. Unhappiness means a feeling of being sad, being not pleased or satisfied. E.g. Unhappiness in work may lower efficiency. D. Anguish means great mental suffering or physical pain. e.g. The anguish of knowing what had happened to her was almost unbearable

31. Group 2: A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. concrete A.Special means not ordinary, or different from what is normal. E.g. School will only allow this in special circumstances. B.Peculiar means strange or unusual, especially in a way that is unpleasant or worrying. E.g. There was a peculiar smell in the kitchen. C.Particular means greater than usual, deserving special notice or attention; it can also be used to emphasize that one is referring to an individual person, thing, or type of thing and not others. E.g. Most students choose one particular area for research. D.Concrete means definite and specific. E.g. Have you got any concrete proposals as to what we should do?

32. Group 3: A. spend B. cost C. take D. waste A.Spend means to use one’s money to pay for goods or services, or to use time to do a particular thing. E.g. I can’t afford to spend any more money this week. B.Cost means to pay the amount of money to buy, to do, or to produce something. E.g. A full day’s activities will cost you £45. C.If something takes a particular amount of time, money, effort, etc., that amount of time, etc. is needed for it to happen or succeed. E.g. It took a few minutes for his eyes to adjust to the dark. D.Waste means to use something in a way that is not effective, useful, or sensible. E.g. Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity.

33. Group 4: A. conspicuously B. gracefully C. lonely D. truly A.Conspicuously means easily seen or noticed. E.g. The notice must be displayed conspicuously. B.Gracefully means politely and pleasantly. E.g. She rose gracefully to her feet and went to the door. C.Lonely means unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to. E.g. Don’t you get lonely being on your own all day? D.Truly means in an exact or correct way. It is also used to emphasize that a particular statement, feeling, etc. is sincere or genuine. E.g. I’m truly sorry that things had to end like this.

34. Group 5: A. last B. final C. ending D. concluding A. Last means happening or coming after all other similar things or people. E.g. We caught the last bus home. B. Final means being or happening at the end of a series of actions, events, statements, etc. E.g. The project is in its final stages. C. Ending is used when a process stops or is finished, or when one finishes it. E.g. Cookies and coffee are the perfect ending to a meal. D. Concluding is often used to refer to the last remark, etc. in an event or a piece of writing. E.g. This is the concluding section of Chapter 6

35. Group 6: A. alone B. hoarse C. grave D. lonely A.If one is alone in a place, there is no one with him or her. E.g. You shouldn’t leave a child alone in the house. B.If you are hoarse, or if your voice is hoarse, you speak in a low rough voice, for example, when your throat is sore. E.g. He was hoarse from over laughing. C.Grave means very important and serious, giving you a reason to feel worried. E.g. The police have expressed grave concern about the missing child’s safety. D.Lonely means unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to. E.g. She spent all those lonely nights at home watching TV.

36. Group 7: A. give up B. give in C. stop D. retreat A. Give up means to stop trying to do something. E.g. We spent half an hour looking for the keys, but eventually gave up and went home. B. Give in means to finally agree to do or accept something that you had at first opposed, especially because somebody has forced or persuaded you to. E.g. They refused to give in to their demands. C. Stop means to no longer move, no longer continue to do something. E.g. I was worried that the security guards would stop us at the gate. D. Retreat means to move away from the enemy after being defeated in battle. E.g. They were attacked and forced to retreat to the mountains.

37. Group 8: A. believe B. notice C. note D. decide A. Believe means to be sure that something is true or that somebody is telling the truth. E.g. You shouldn’t believe everything you read. B. If you notice something or somebody, you realize that they exist, especially because you can see, hear, or feel them. E.g. I noticed that her hands were shaking C. Note means to mention something because it is important or interesting. E.g. The judge noted that Miller had no previous criminal record. D. Decide means to make a choice or judgment about something, especially after considering all the possibilities or arguments. E.g. It was decided that four hospitals should be closed.

38. Word transformation 1. industry Other forms of industry: industrial, industrialism, industrialist, industrialize, industrialization 1) 劳资关系 industrial relationships 2) 工业行动 industrial action 3) 工业革命 industrial revolution 4) 来自主要工业国家的财政部长会议 a meeting of finance ministers from the major industrialized countries industrious: hard-working, diligent

39. 2. Describe Other forms of describe: description, descriptive 1) 软件的简要 / 概括描述 a brief/general description of the software 2) 警方发布的通告对那个失踪女人的特征作了 详细的描述。 The police have issued a detailed description of the missing woman. 3) 这出戏乏味得令人难以形容。 This play was boring beyond description. 4) 小说中的描写段落 the descriptive passages in the novel

40. 3. suspect Other forms of suspect: suspicion, suspicious 1) 他涉嫌谋杀。 He is under suspicion of murder. 2) 她总是对我们疑神疑鬼的。 She always treated us with suspicion. 3) 可疑的行为 suspicious behaviour 4) 他的老板怀疑他的用心。 His boss is suspicious of his intentions. 5) 我对一直放在走廊里的那个包裹有点怀疑。 I am a bit suspicious about that package which has been left in the corridor.

41. 4. assist Other forms of assist: assistance, assistant 1) 我能帮上什么忙吗？ Can I be of any assistance? 2) 给低收入者的经济援助 financial assistance for people on low incomes 3) 尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。 Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance. 4) 高级研究助理 a senior research assistant 5) 一名百货公司的售货员 a sales assistant in a department store

42. 5. Employ Other forms of employ: employee, employer, employment 1) 这家公司有 500 多名雇员。 The firm has over 500 employees. 2) 这个地区最大的雇主之一 one of the largest employers in this area 3) 雇用条件 / 条款 conditions/terms of employment

43. 6. Prove The noun form of prove: proof 1) 保存发票，作为购物凭证。 Keep the receipt as proof of purchase. 2) 2) 没有证据证明那把刀子是属于她的。 There is no proof that the knife belongs to her.

44. Phrase practice 1. be confronted with: to be faced with and need to be dealt with 1)When confronted with the evidence of his guilt, he confessed at once. 面对罪证，他立刻坦白了罪行。 2)The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable. 我们 所面临的困难似乎是无法克服的。 3)The problems confronting the new government were enormous. 新政府面临着严峻的问题。

45. 2. have … in common: to share the same characteristic 1)They have nothing in common with one another. 他们彼此毫无相同 之处。 2)The two cultures have a lot in common. 这两种文化有很多共通之 处。 3)Britain, in common with many other industrialized countries, has experienced major changes over the last 100 years. 和很多其他工业 国家一样，英国在过去的一百年间经历了重大的变革。

46. 3. an always time: an everlasting season 1) You’d better not have an always hatred in your heart. 你最好不要总是心怀仇恨。 2) Our always complaints over shortages and high prices fell on deaf ears. 我们对物资短 缺和物价高昂的一贯怨言被置若罔闻。 3) Their new cottage was an always admiration of the whole village. 他们新建的 农舍一直为全村人所羡慕。

47. 4. give in: to accept the fact that you are defeated; to agree to do something that you had at first opposed 1)You must never give in to pressure. 你决不能屈 从于压力。 2)The government refused to give in to their demands. 政府拒绝满足他们的要求。 3)Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms. 最终我还是屈服了，按照他们提出的条 件接受了工作。

48. 5. lock something away: to keep something in one’s mind; to put something in a safe place 1)The secret was locked away in her heart. 她把秘密藏在心里。 2)He locked his money away in the safe. 他把 钱锁在保险柜里。 3)She locked away all her jewellery before going on vacation. 在外出度假前她把珠宝都锁藏起来。

49. Grammar Exercises 1. 1. The infinitive and the present participle as object complement: Some transitive verbs can have a complement after their object. This complement is often called the object complement. Both the infinitive and the present participle may function as object complement describing the action of the object or the state the object is in. Verbs indicating physical perceptions such as notice, see, watch, hear, feel, and other verbs like make and let require an infinitive without to in this pattern, which implies that the action was completed. The present participle can also be used as the object complement after verbs indicating physical perceptions such as notice, see, watch, hear, feel, and make and let, which denotes that the action lasts for a period of time.

50. 2. The usages of as (1) used in comparison: as... as e.g. They want peace as much as we do. Helen comes to visit me as often as she can. (2) in the way somebody says or something happens, or in the condition something is in e.g. We’d better leave things as they are until the police arrive. The money was repaid, as promised. (3) used to say that what you are saying is already known or has been stated before e.g. David, as you know, has not been well lately. As Napoleon once said, attack is the best method of defence. (4) while or when e.g. As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home. We asked Philip to come with us, as he knew the road. (5) Though e.g. Happy as they were, there was something missing. Try as she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.

51. 3. The emphatic structure When we want to emphasize the subject, the object or the adverbial in a sentence, we can use the construction “it is (was) … that (who, where, etc.) …” The relative pronoun which is not normally used in it. e.g. It was Benjamin Franklin who invented the lightning conductor. It was a group of young children that I read my poems to. It was in 2004 that we went to Perth. It was by sheer accident that they found the evidence.

52. 4. The present participle as adverbial modifiers The present participle is another non-finite verb form. And the present participle phrase can be used adverbially to denote: (1) simultaneous events: His father was standing beside his bed, feeling for him, pulling away the cover. (2) an action immediately followed by another: Arriving at the station, she found the train gone. (3) reason: Being the only child, she is much spoilt. (4) manner: I want you to grow up good, not lying and gambling and stealing.

53. Sample essay for the topic: The Old House is Better than the New one New houses have their charms. They provide us with a spacious home with an open floor plan, state-of-the-art technologies, and low- maintenance comfort. Many of us long for old homes built with solid construction, quality craftsmanship and beautiful details. Maybe it has something to do with a childhood home we fondly remember. Typically, old houses sit on generous plots of land in or near town. Mature trees and plantings provide shade and beautify the property and neighborhood streets. New homes are generally found in developments outside town. Homeowners who have bought into an early phase in a development can expect to contend with dust and construction sights and sounds as the remaining phases are being built. Landscaping may be skimpy or nonexistent.

54. According to an article in the Charlotte Observer, wood used by builders comes from young, fast-growing forests. With growth rings spaced far apart, the wood is inherently weaker and more prone to rot. Before the 1980s, commercially available wood was harvested from old-growth forests, which produced dense and durable lumber. Some owners of new homes complain about flimsy materials, thin plasterboard walls and shoddy workmanship. It is true that old houses were not built with our electronics-crazed families in mind. Entertaining was more formal in times past. Architects now design homes for informal living. Many arrangements found in old homes have been replaced with updated layouts that feature family kitchens, walk-in closets, family rooms with built-in entertainment centers, and two- or even three-car garages, which fit the modern life. However, an old home always wins our heart with its cosy rooms, tight closets, and especially the old-fashioned charm and beauty.