1. Britain and the slave trade (Wealth and Profits) Lesson starter 1.Give two detailed examples of how Africa was affected by the Slave Trade. 2.Can you see how any of them have affected present day Africa? Give examples.

2. We are learning to… Explain how Britain benefitted from the Slave Trade I can… Teach a summary of the effects on one British city Teach a summary of the effects on one British city Research Glasgow & the slave trade for HW Research Glasgow & the slave trade for HW Complete a fact file on the profits from one slave voyage Complete a fact file on the profits from one slave voyage

3. Background Many British ports shared in the money made from the Slave Trade However – 90% of the ships in the slave trade left from three British cities London London Bristol Bristol Liverpool Liverpool

4. Task One – 3 Stay, 1 stray ‘expert’ Your teacher will give you one city to become an ‘expert’ on You should create a detailed resource (your choice) to teach others with involvement of your city in the slave trade how the city benefitted It should explain the involvement of your city in the slave trade as well as how the city benefitted ‘stray’ One person from each group will then be picked at random to ‘stray’ to 3 other groups to teach them about the impact on their city. Once the ‘stray’ person returns, it is up to the rest of the group to teach them about the cities they have learnt about.

5. The Tobacco Trade and Glasgow Homework: The Tobacco Trade and Glasgow Use the factsheet on Glasgow to create a detailed revision guide of how Glasgow benefitted from the tobacco trade You will complete an assessment on the effects of the slave trade on all four cities on //2016

6. Recap of Info (Revision/ Consolidation)

7. London Banking and Insurance Britain’s major port Because London was Britain’s major port, ships owned by London merchants dominated the trade during the 17th and early 18th centuries. Only London was allowed to participate in the slave trade until 1698! Bristol Liverpool. Later, London's position was challenged by Bristol and then Liverpool. banking and insurance industry grew The banking and insurance industry grew - the City of London provided the money for many slaving voyages and other London institutions insured cargoes and traded plantation goods.

8. Bristol Sugar Bristol Bristol is situated on the River Avon which flows into the River Severn and from there into the Bristol Channel before joining the Atlantic Ocean. Bristol developed into one of the major trading ports in Britain. Wealth was created Wealth was created – merchants profited from the sugar trade as the sugar grown on European owned plantations was shipped to Bristol providing new industries and markets for the city. Employment opportunities Employment opportunities – shipbuilding, sail – makers, chefs to service the ships and crew. Growth of industry Growth of industry - To support the expansion of trade, Bristol had a shipbuilding industry and a financial industry, as well as a network of merchants. The surrounding manufacturing industry produced goods to trade for slaves in Africa.

9. Liverpool – cotton Wealth was created Wealth was created – Liverpool earned £300,000 a year from the slave trade. Individual wealth and power - Liverpool’s slave merchants rose to positions of power and influence in the town. At least 26 of Liverpool’s mayors between 1700 and 1820 were slave merchants. Population growth Population growth - In 1700 Liverpool was a small fishing port of 5000 people. One hundred years later over 78,000 people lived and worked in Liverpool. Employment opportunities Employment opportunities - Thousands of people found work because of the slave trade: Work in the cotton mills of Lancashire (providing goods to trade for slaves), ship building, carpentry, rope – making and sailors, banking and insurance. Industry grew Industry grew - Docks and cotton mills of nearby Lancashire were developed.

10. Individual wealth example: Thomas Leyland Thomas Leyland Thomas Leyland was a slave merchant who entered the trade after winning £20,000 in a lottery. ships for the slave He invested the money in ships for the slave trade. After 20 years he was a millionaire, founding his own bank and serving as mayor of Liverpool three times.

11. Glasgow and the Tobacco Trade River Clyde When the trade routes between Europe and the Americas were opened up, the River Clyde found itself well positioned for trade in tobacco. 20 days less than the journey from London to Virginia. The journey from Glasgow to Virginia (in the USA, where many plantations were and slaves worked) took 20 days less than the journey from London to Virginia. almost half of the tobacco coming into Europe was distributed through Glasgow. This 20 day advantage meant that almost half of the tobacco coming into Europe was distributed through Glasgow.

12. In 1735 sixty seven ships sailed up the Clyde for destinations such as Virginia and Jamaica. The Glasgow merchants were now amongst the wealthiest in Europe.

13. Glasgow – became rich Wealth was created Wealth was created – Glasgow also earned about £300,000 a year from the tobacco industry (produced by slaves). Individual wealth and power Individual wealth and power – Glasgow’s ‘tobacco lords’ (merchants) became very wealthy. They bought large estates and plantations in the America’ and employed Scottish emigrants in every position, from estate/plantation managers, to slave drivers and overseers. They then transported the tobacco back to Scotland where it was sold on for huge profits. Industry grew Industry grew – The shipping and shipbuilding industry developed. Merchant wealth from this time period can still be seen in Glasgow today.

14. Individual Wealth example: William Cunninghame William Cunninghame & Company. William Cunninghame was the principal partner in tobacco company William Cunninghame & Company. It grew to become one of Glasgow’s largest importers of tobacco. He made an even greater fortune from the tobacco scarcity caused by the American War of Independence.American War of Independence On the outbreak of war, Cunningham stockpiled cheap tobacco, correctly betting that Britain would not be able to retain control over her rebellious colonies, and selling at high prices after war interrupted the trade. He made a fortune! Gallery of Modern Art today. Like many wealthy Glasgow merchants, Cunninghame used his profits to build property, such as his Queen Street mansion. Built in 1778, it is the Gallery of Modern Art today. It cost £10,000 to build at the time It cost £10,000 to build at the time

15. George Buchanan Bought 300 African slaves bought them for £25 each Took them to Maryland, America Brought tobacco to Glasgow and sold Andrew Buchanan

16. Glasgow streets are named after those involved in the slave trade and locations: Glassford Street(John Glassford) Glassford Street(John Glassford) Virginia Place Virginia Place Jamaica Stree t Jamaica Stree t Buchanan Street (Andrew Buchanan) Buchanan Street (Andrew Buchanan)

17. How much money could actually be made on a slave voyage? Case Study: The Voyage of the Enterprise Task: Task: You work for the Bank of England and have been asked to investigate the profits being made by traders from slavery. You should fill out the following report on the voyage of the Enterprise in 1803. Use pages 37-38 of the textbook.

18. Ship Name: Where/ when it left Britain: Captain: Chief Mate: No. of crew: Cost of crew: Goods carried to trade: Trading for: How many slaves taken aboard: No of slaves who died on voyage: Goods purchased after slaves sold: Date arrived back to Britain: Total Profit Made:

19. Debate: Was Scotland as much to blame as England for the slave trade? YES! Atlantic slavery was an English trade Scotland only became part of Britain in 1707 Many Scots made a fortune from the slave trade (Lyle of Tate & Lyle was Scottish) 1/3 of Jamaican plantations where slaves worked were Scots owned Many Scots (i.e. Richard Oswald had shares in slave ships) NO! Glasgow merchants made a lot of money dealing tobacco (not slaves) The tobacco trade collapsed after the American Wars of Independence in 1775 No more than 30 slave voyages left from Scotland (mainly Greenock) There was more opposition to the slave trade in Scotland than in England In 1778 Slavery was banned in Scotland