1. Guruprasad Aphale. Sept. 10th, 2010 Guruprasad Aphale 1 Avionics Applications Comp -790 http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/predator/predator5.html

2. Goals of Presentation Guruprasad Aphale 2 Learn about application space  where real-time research could be helpful  E.g. knowing which algorithms they want to run, we can look at the ways to schedule those algorithms along with existing software Go through publicly available information  Not much technical information available  Some of it is outdated

3. Avionics in Civilian Applications Guruprasad Aphale 3 Boeing 787 Dreamliner http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_787first_flight.jpg

4. Avionics in Civilian Applications Guruprasad Aphale 4 Boeing 787 Dreamliner  Long range, mid-sized twin-engine jet airliner  Approx. $160 -170 million Flight System  Honeywell and Rockwell-Collins  avionics systems (flight control, guidance)  Thales  integrated standby flight display  electrical power conversion system  Integration by Boeing

5. Flight deck of the Boeing 787 Guruprasad Aphale 5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:787-flight-deck.jpg

6. Boeing 787 Dreamliner Guruprasad Aphale 6 RTOS  Uses COTS OS by  Green Hills Software (Integrity 178-B??)  Wind River Systems (VxWorks 653)  Time and Space Partitioned  Certification: DO 178B, Level A and ARINC 653  Catastrophic  VxWorks 653 for the Common Core System (CCS)  CCS hosts applications such as crew alerting, display management, health management software etc.

7. Common Core System (CCS) Guruprasad Aphale 7 Central computing function  Replaces almost 80 line replacement units (LRU) and hosts up to 80 avionics applications Includes  Dual Common Computing Resource (CCR) cabinets  Common Data Network (CDN)  Expected to be adopted under ARINC 664  Remote Data Concentrators (RDC)

8. Communication Guruprasad Aphale 8 Communication within aircraft systems  Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) 1  Based on IEEE 802.3 Ethernet  Dedicated bandwidth to provide deterministic QoS  For safety critical applications  Cascaded Star Topology  Dual Link Redundancy  Full Duplex 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avionics_Full-Duplex_Switched_Ethernet

9. AFDX Example System Guruprasad Aphale 9

10. Avionics in Military and Scientific Applications Guruprasad Aphale 10 MQ-1 Predator

11. Avionics in Military and Scientific Applications Guruprasad Aphale 11 Has both manned as well as unmanned aircrafts We focus on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Reusable, Uncrewed vehicle capable of controlled, sustained, level flight and powered by a jet or reciprocating engine Also called  Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV)  Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) E.g.  R4 Global Hawk  Predator

12. Brief History Guruprasad Aphale 12 A. M. Low's "Aerial Target" of 1916 World Wars accelerated the development  Mostly used to train antiaircraft gunners  To fly attack missions Birth of US UAVs  1959  Concern over losing pilots in “hostile” territories  “Red Wagon” program launched in 1960  First mission – Vietnam war (1964)  Highly kept secret

13. History Continued… Guruprasad Aphale 13 Admitted to use of UAVs in 1973  “...we let the drone do the high risk flying...the loss rate is high, but we are willing to risk more of them...they save lives!” – Gen. John C. Meyer Grown interest in UAVs in 1980s and 1990s Initial Interest  Surveillance aircraft  Search and Rescue Future Interests  Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles (UCAS)

14. Surveillance UAVs Guruprasad Aphale 14 Surveying  Enemy territories  Areas dangerous for piloted craft  E.g. Fly into a hurricane and provide near-real-time data (hurricane hunters)  Extreme climate such as Antarctic Search and Rescue  used for search and rescue in Louisiana and Texas during 2008 hurricanes RQ4 Global Hawk

15. Surveillance UAV RQ-4 Global Hawk Guruprasad Aphale 15 RQ-4 Global Hawk http://files.air-attack.com/MIL/globalhawk/rq4block40.jpg

16. Surveillance UAV: RQ-4 Global Hawk Guruprasad Aphale 16 RQ-4 Global Hawk  Northrop Grumman  R: reconnaissance, Q: unmanned aircraft system, 4 : the fourth of a series of purpose-built UAS.  Used by US Air Force, US Navy and NASA  High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) High resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)  penetrates cloud-cover and sandstorms

17. Improvements over Previous Generation Guruprasad Aphale 17

18. Surveillance UAV: RQ-4 Global Hawk Guruprasad Aphale 18 Dimensions  Length: 44 ft 5 in (13.54 m)  Wingspan: 116 ft 2 in (35.41 m)  Height: 15 ft 2 in (4.62 m)  Empty weight: 8,490 lb (3,851 kg)  Gross weight: 22,900 lb (10,387 kg) Can cover 40,000 sq miles per day $35 million (actual aircraft cost)  Rises to $123.2 million with development costs

19. Combat UAVs Guruprasad Aphale 19 Surveying as well Attack  Sensors, cameras  Missiles or other ammunition Used in high risk areas to hit ground targets Not perfect  Several incidences of misfiring or misunderstanding the target  E.g. Israeli UAVs failed to differentiate between combatants and civilians resulting in killing of 48 civilians

20. Combat UAVs MQ-1 Predator Guruprasad Aphale 20 MQ-1 Predator  General Atomics  M: Multi Role, Q: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, 1: first of a series  Used by US Air Force and CIA  Medium Altitude, Long Endurance (MALE)  Can fly 400 nautical miles(740 kms), loiter for 14 hours and come back Initially was only RQ-1A (1995)  Only for surveillance  Later converted to combat UAV (2002)  RQ-1 B became MQ-9 Reaper Cost  Approx. $40 million

21. MQ-1 Predator Guruprasad Aphale 21 Complete system, not just an aircraft  Four aircrafts  Ground Control System (GCS)  Predator Primary Satellite Link (PPSL)  Spare equipment with the crew Dimensions  Wingspan: 55 feet (16.8 meters)  Length: 27 feet (8.22 meters)  Height: 6.9 feet (2.1 meters)  Weight: 1,130 pounds ( 512 kilograms) empty Future: Unmanned Combat Air System (UCAS)

22. Space Shuttle Guruprasad Aphale 22 First orbital spacecraft designed for reuse  Orbiter Vehicle (OV),  External tank (ET)  Two reusable Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) Functions  Carry different payloads to low Earth orbit  Provide crew rotation for International Space Station(ISS)  Perform servicing missions  Software and Hardware known as the Data Processing System (DPS)

23. Space Shuttle Guruprasad Aphale 23 Hardware Specifications  Five IBM AP-101 central processing unit (CPU)  Same architecture as IBM System 360  Also called General Purpose Computer (GPC)  IO Processor (IOP) and Bus System  Redundantly connected subsystems (24 buses)  Bus Control Element for each bus (24 BCEs), dedicated processor  Master Sequence Controller (MSC) 25 th processor IO to each computer controlled in two modes Command (CM) Listen  Display Unit: CRTs controlled by special purpose computer  Mass Memory Unit (MMU)

24. Space Shuttle Guruprasad Aphale 24 Shuttle Orbiter Avionic System

25. Space Shuttle Guruprasad Aphale 25 Software Architecture  Systems Software  Flight Computer OS (FCOS)  System Control  User Interface  Applications Software  Guidance, Navigation and Control  Systems Management  Vehicle Checkout

26. Space Shuttle: Systems Software Guruprasad Aphale 26 Flight Computer OS (FCOS)  Process Management  Priority queue structure  I/O Management  Redundancy results in complex data network  Management of communication  Initialization, status checks and memory management  Loading of General Purpose Computer memories  Transfers between mass memory and main memory

27. Space Shuttle: Systems Software Guruprasad Aphale 27 System Control  Initialization and configuration control of DPS  Establish relationship among GPCs User Interface  Command Input Processing  Operations Control  Output Message Processing  Maintain communication among GPCs

28. Space Shuttle: Applications Software Guruprasad Aphale 28 Guidance, Navigation and Control (GN&C)  Six Operation Sequences (OPS)  Include 200 important functions called principle functions  Cyclic process (executive)  Controls initiation and phasing of principle function and associated I/O  Table driven  Three executive structures in design of GN&C

29. Space Shuttle: Applications Software Guruprasad Aphale 29 Systems Management  Status monitoring  Controls not involved with flight control Vehicle Checkout  Initialization and checkout under control of crew  Three ground checkout OPSs, One in-flight OPS  Redundant computer configuration

30. References Guruprasad Aphale 30 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_787 http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/categories/commercial/932.htm l http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/categories/commercial/932.htm l http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/categories/commercial/Product- Focus-COTS-Operating-Systems-Boarding-the-Boeing- 787_832.html http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/categories/commercial/Product- Focus-COTS-Operating-Systems-Boarding-the-Boeing- 787_832.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RQ-4_Global_Hawk http://www.defense-update.com/products/g/globalhawk.htm http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/global/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app2/q-1.html http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/computers/Ch4- 2.html http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/computers/Ch4- 2.html

31. Thanks!! Guruprasad Aphale 31 Questions??