1. World War II

2. WWI and the Treaty of Versailles
Germany lost land to surrounding nations
War reparations
Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to US
Germany pays $57 trillion (modern day equivalent)
Germans are bankrupt, embarrassed, guilt ridden, and angry.
Desperate people turn to desperate leaders

3. Causes of World War II After WW I – Great Depression
People blamed govt. leaders for their hardships
Totalitarian government arose that had the people’s support
Totalitarian leader Joseph Stalin of Soviet Union

4. Totalitarian Leaders Germany – Adolf Hitler Italy – Benito Mussolini
The Third Reich
Italy – Benito Mussolini
Fascism – state is more important than the people
Japan – Emperor Hirohito
Military Leader took control of the country

6. Adolf Hitler-Germany
Hideki Tojo -
Japan
Benito Mussolini-Italy
Josef Stalin-USSR

9. What did Hitler Want?
Militarism- soon after becoming chancellor he begins rearming Germany breaking the Treaty of Versailles
Rhineland- moves troops into the Rhineland territory again breaking the Treaty of Versailles
Lebensraum- “living space”
Austria - annexed peacefully in 1938
Sudetenland – territory in Czechoslovakia
Given to Germany by Great Britain and France
Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
What’s this called? ______________________
On to Poland
Sudetenland

10. Aggression Begins
Kellogg-Briand Pact – agreement after WW I to negotiate rather than to go to war over future disputes
Germany, Italy, and Japan disregarded the pact
There was no way to enforce the pact

11. Appeasement
Giving someone something to make them happy and leave you alone.
Hitler demanded land that wasn’t Germany’s and others just gave it to him.
Nations were trying to prevent war…it didn’t work. (Isolationism)
Appeasement just showed Hitler that he could do whatever he wanted.

12. The Munich Conference
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain – Appeasement policy (give in to an aggressor’s demands, to preserve peace)
Munich Pact – Britain and France agreed to Hitler taking part of Czechoslovakia
British people relieved (they did not want to go to war “peace with honor”)

13. “Peace in Our Time!”
Munich
Agreement

15. Nazi-Soviet Pact Hitler wanted to conquer Soviet Union
He wanted lebensraum (living space)
Could not attack Soviet Union with France to the west
Hitler and Joseph Stalin sign a non-aggression pact not to attack each other

17. Japanese Aggression Japan takes over Manchuria in 1931
In 1940, Japan, Germany, and Italy allied with one another and became known as the Axis Powers

18. U.S. Remains Neutral US practiced isolationism
Fixing problems of Great Depression was main concern
Neutrality Act – prohibited selling weapons to warring nations
FDR Quarantine Speech – stop economic and diplomatic sanctions with aggressive nations

19. The War in Europe Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invades Poland
Blitzkrieg – “lightning war” tanks and planes attack hard & fast
Soviet Union attacked Poland from the east
Britain and France declared war on Germany

20. Who was on each side? Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan Allied Powers
Great Britain
Soviet Union
United States
France
Surrendered to Germany in 1940 after 6 weeks

22. Britain – Winston Churchill takes Chamberlains place as Prime Minister
Fiery & inspiring speaker
Germany takes over France
Battle of Britain – Germany bombed British cities
People of London hid in subways to avoid bombing
Royal Air Force successful in stopping the German air attacks

25. Lend-Lease Act Britain - inability to pay cash for supplies
Roosevelt announced a new plan to provide war supplies to Britain and allies without any payment in return
This act authorized the President to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security.

26. Italy Africa Allies vs. Axis Free N. Africa and Suez Canal from Axis
Allied forces - Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
Axis forces – Gen. Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox)
Casablanca, Morocco meeting to discuss the next move
There would unconditional surrender (victors to set conditions of surrender with losers having no say)
Gen. George S. Patton
Took just 38 days to arrest Mussolini
In May of 1944, all of Italy captured by allies

27. US Enters WW II
US imposed an embargo on Japan (refused to ship certain products: oil & steel)
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941
US declares war on Japan

33. Battle of Stalingrad
Operation Barbarossa – Hitler’s plan to attack USSR
Germans lost due to cold weather
Turning point of war in European Theatre

34. Doolittle Raid
Led by Jimmy Doolittle, April 18, 1942, US bombed Japanese mainland
Some pilots landed in China while some were captured

35. D-Day Tehran Conference – Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
Operation Overlord
June 6, 1944 – D-Day invasion on Normandy

40. Battle of the Bulge
Germany’s last offensive strike
It failed

41. Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)
The Big Three met again to discuss military strategy and postwar policy
Churchill did not trust Stalin and wanted US to get to Berlin before USSR
April – Hitler commits suicide (April 30)
VE Day – Victory in Europe Day
President Roosevelt dies April 12, 1945
Tehran Conference and Potsdam Conference all were meeting to deal with war torn Europe in WW II.

42. How did WWII end in Europe?
Allies divide Germany up between them.
This helps start the Cold War.
Nuremberg Trials are held in Germany (and Japan) to try the people responsible for the war.
Many are executed and jailed for war crimes.

44. Holocaust Hitler’s final solution to the “Jewish problem”
Mass genocide – murder of a race of people
Jews placed in concentration camps
Around six million Jews died during the Holocaust
Nuremburg Trials – Nazi’s tried for war “crimes against humanity”

45. What was the Holocaust? Nazi plan to kill all Jews.
Why? Hitler’s provided a to Germany’s problems
6 million Jews murdered in camps in Europe.
5 million others (gypsies, mentally ill, homosexuals)
Total of 11 million exterminated
What is genocide?
Purposely trying to exterminate an entire group of people (ethnic, religious, racial).

47. What about the Pacific War?
The US (mostly) fought the Japanese.
December 7, 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii to sink US ships there.
Two hours = most US navy destroyed and 2,000 sailors killed

48. War in the Pacific Japan controlled islands in the Pacific
Gen. Douglas MacArthur to lead fight in Pacific after abandoning the Philippines
“Island hopping” – attack and conquer one islands at a time
Iwo Jima, Guadalcanal, Okinawa,
Midway (turning point of war in Pacific Theatre)

50. Island Hopping strategy used by US to defeat Japan
Too many US soldiers were lost
How is the US going to save lives to an enemy who would not surrender?

51. Kamikaze pilots – Japanese pilots who committed suicide by intentionally crashing their planes into US ships in an attempt to sink them

52. The Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project – work on atomic bomb
Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer
New Mexico – test site in desert
Potsdam Conference – unconditional surrender “Potsdam Declaration”
Japan never surrendered – they wanted the position of the emperor be protected
Harry S. Truman used the bomb

53. Japan surrenders after US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

54. Aug. 6, 1945 – Enola Gay dropped the 1st atomic bomb on Hiroshima
Aug. 9, Nagasaki hit with 2nd atomic bomb
Aug. 14 Japan surrendered
V-J Day

55. Name given to all women who helped in war production effort
Rosie Riveter

56. Japanese Americans
All Japanese Americans living on west coast moved by the military to internment camps.
Korematsu sued the US.
Korematsu vs. United States – ruled that it is constitutional to suppress rights during war time.