2. What is the kinetic molecular theory? In what three ways is thermal energy transferred? How are thermal conductors and insulators different? Particles in Motion

3. The kinetic molecular theory explains how particles move and has three major points: All matter is made of particles. Particles are in constant, random motion. Particles constantly collide with each other and with the walls of their container. Kinetic Molecular Theory

4. Particles that make up all matter are in constant motion. On average, solid particles move slowest, liquid particles move faster, and gas particles move the fastest.

5. The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material is temperature.temperature When the particles that make up a material move slowly, they occupy less volume than they do at a higher temperature. Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of a material due to a temperature increase. Kinetic Molecular Theory (cont.)

6. When water is cooled to near its freezing point, interactions between water molecules push the molecules apart. Kinetic Molecular Theory (cont.)

7. As the kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material increases, the thermal energy of the particles increases. As the kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material decreases, the thermal energy of the particles decreases. Kinetic Molecular Theory (cont.)

8. When you put a warm bottle of water in a cold refrigerator, thermal energy is transferred.

9. The movement of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature is called heat.heat When the temperatures of materials that are in contact are the same, the materials are said to be in thermal equilibrium. Kinetic Molecular Theory (cont.)

10. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter. Conduction Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves. Radiation Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of the particles from one part of a material to another. Convection Heat Transfer

11. Conduction, radiation, and convection are ways in which thermal energy is transferred.

12. A thermal conductor is a material in which thermal energy moves quickly.thermal conductor A thermal insulator is a material in which thermal energy moves slowly.thermal insulator Conductors and Insulators