1. World War II Pacific Theater

2. Japan attacked Wake Island, Guam, and Philippines 1941 1942 Pearl HarborDec AprilPhilippines Bataan Death March Doolittle Raid May Battle of Coral Sea Battle of Midway June

3. Japanese leaders Emperor Hirohito Forced to admit not divine when war over Hideki Tojo  Prime Minister during war  Military leader

4. Japanese Path to War 1931 Mukden incident/Seized Manchuria  League of Nations investigated—Japan withdrew  Renamed Manchukuo 1937  Chiang Kai-shek led the Nationalists  Tried to avoid war with Japan—allowed them some rule in China (appeasement)  Communists and Nationalists formed united front against Japan  War broke out  Rape of Nanking

6. Japanese Path to War 1939-  After Soviet-German Non Aggression Pact, Japan needed new strategy (had originally hoped to invade USSR and take resources  Needed raw materials—looked to SE Asia  US threatened sanctions 1941  December 7 Pearl Harbor

7. Day of Infamy Speech http://www.umkc.edu/lib/spec- col/ww2/PearlHarbor/fdr-speech.htm#doi http://www.umkc.edu/lib/spec- col/ww2/PearlHarbor/fdr-speech.htm#doi

8. Japanese Victories Conquered 1 million square miles of land and 150 million people Japan seized Guam and Wake Island Took Philippines Seized Hong Kong, Malaya and Singapore from GB Indonesia and Burma

9. Philippines 10 hours after Pearl Harbor Japan attacked Philippines Bataan surrendered April 9 Corregidor—last US position in Philippines to surrender. Known as “the rock”. Surrendered in May "with broken heart and with head bowed in sadness, but not in shame, I report... that today I must arrange terms for the surrender of the fortified islands of Manila Bay, Corregidor, Fort Hughes, Fort Drum, and..." (end of message) ~Lt Gen Jonathan M. Wainwright, USA Last message from Corregidor May 6, 1942

10. Douglas MacArthur Synonymous with war in the Pacific Lost the Philippines to Japan but vowed “I will return” (will fulfill promise and liberate Philippines by end of war)

11. Bataan Death March Began after surrender of Bataan April 9, 1942 70,000 Filipinos and Americans surrendered 5000-11000 never made it Secret until 3 years after war General Masaharu Homma convicted of war crimes after war and executed

12. Philippine resistance Japanese took over islands  Teaching of Japanese became mandatory in schools  Radios were adapted so they could not pick up American stations  All political parties abolished  Pro-Japanese puppet governtment  Wanted P. to be in East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere But resistance fierce—guerrilla warfare

13. “Island hopping” Douglas MacArthur—Commander of Allied land forces in the Pacific Storming each island would be too costly and take to long. Instead “island hop” past Japanese strong points and seize islands that were not well defended.

14. Allies fight back April 1942 Doolittle Raid —mission to bomb Tokyo and other Japanese cities.  Did little damage,  Americans captured— those in captivity treated harshly, 3 put to death.  BUT was important psychologically—the Japanese could be attacked  Doolittle believed he would be court martialed for failure Doolittle We started to doubt that we were invincible” –Japanese citizen

15. Allies fight back May 1942 Battle of Coral Sea  New type of warfare—Opposing ships did not fire a single shot at each other—used as aircraft carriers  More Allied ships lost, but stopped Japanese southward expansion  First Japanese setback of WWII

16. Allies fight back June 1942 Battle of Midway  Turning point in the war  Japan targeted Midway for proximity to Hawaii  Admiral Chester Nimitz Commander in Chief of Pacific Fleet. Admiral Yamamoto for Japan  Intercepted code (water story)  “the Americans had avenged Pearl Harbor” Yorktown

17. Midway Battleship Yorktown was sunk 1998 Divers tried to locate it  Midway @ nationalgeographic.com Midway @ nationalgeographic.com

18. Allies fight back Guadalcanal (operation Watchtower) Aug 1942  1 st US offensive  Japan was building an air base on Guadalcanal  Allies had to strike before it was completed  19000 Marines (with Australians) landed  Took airfield, but struggle for island  Became known as “island of death” “hell”  After 6 months, Japanese deserted island and lost 23,000 men (out of 36,000) (9000 of disease and starvation)

19. Guadalcanal “Hell was furry red spiders as big as your fist, giant lizards as long as your leg, leeches falling from trees to suck blood, armies of white ants with bites of fire, scurrying scorpions inflaming any flesh they touched, enormous rats and bats everywhere, and rivers with waiting crocodiles. Hell was the sour, foul smell of the squishy jungle, humidity that rotted a body within hours”

20. Navajo Codebreakers CODE BREAKING.ppt navajo code.xbk

21. Philippines October 1944 Leyte (in Philippines) General MacArthur returned Japanese navy destroyed and left army and kamikazes to fight Allies

23. Iwo Jima Feb 1945 Iwo Jima (Operation Detachment)  One of bloodiest of war (casualty rate was 20-30%)  Strategic location—660 miles from Japan—so was well defended. Japanese airfields  US spent 74 days shelling it in preparation of invasion

24. Statue depicting Marines raising American flag on Mt Surabachi

25. March-April 1945 Okinawa (Operation Iceberg)  Japan desperate. Amassed huge numbers on the island  US wanted as base in case of a land invasion of Japan  1900 Kamikazes flown April- July and sank 260 ships  Bloodiest land battle of war—  FYI—26,000 Americans suffered “combat fatigue” AKA post-traumatic stress disorder for ferocity and intensity of fighting here and the almost nonstop artillery and mortar fire

26. USS Indianapolis Delivered Atomic Bomb to Tinian Island Hit by a Japanese torpedo Ship sank in 12 minutes Rescued men from water after five days http://www.ussindianapolis.org/resolu tion.htm

27. Hiroshima and Nagasaki Operation Downfall – The Invasion of Japan