1. EUROPEAN STRATEGY FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES NORBERT KROO HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES and The EUROPEAN RESEARCH COUNCIL GRAVITATION, 23.11.2010

2. LIVING IN A CHANGING WORLD Rapid technological, political, social und cultural changes Rapid technological, political, social und cultural changes Financial, economic, political, social, cultural crises Financial, economic, political, social, cultural crises Decline of old industries (with their value system) Decline of old industries (with their value system) Increase of the knowledge added value of products and services Increase of the knowledge added value of products and services Increasing competition combined with decreasing social safeguarding Increasing competition combined with decreasing social safeguarding Increasing need for making use of the full range of human capacities Increasing need for making use of the full range of human capacities Increasing need for „creative“ labour forces Increasing need for „creative“ labour forces Increasing heterogenity of national populations Increasing heterogenity of national populations Increasing unproductivity of national education systems Increasing unproductivity of national education systems

3. GROWING SIGNIFICANCE OF KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY (ECONOMY). COMPETITION!  INNOVATION ORIENTED SOCIETY RESOURCES (LABOUR, MATERIALS, ENERGY, CAPITAL, KNOWLEDGE). SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE! (danger to treat knowledge as a tradable commodity) NEW PRACTICES IN RESEARCH (multidisciplinary,groups) NEW PRIORITIES (sustainable development,jobs, competitiveness) DRYING OUT TECHNOLOGIES GLOBALIZATION. CRITICAL SIZE. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION NEW POTENTIAL REVOLUTIONS (BIO-, NANO-, INFO-TECHNOLOGIES )

4. SCIENCE IS IMPORTANT AND CHANGING SCIENCE IS IMPORTANT AND CHANGING * THE COMPLEXITY OF KNOWLEDGE INCREASES  DEEPER * THE COMPLEXITY OF KNOWLEDGE INCREASES  DEEPER KNOWLEDGE IN NARROWER FIELDS KNOWLEDGE IN NARROWER FIELDS * INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH EXPANDS.(COMPLEX PROBLEMS) * INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH EXPANDS.(COMPLEX PROBLEMS) * THE COST OF RESEARCH (INFRASTRUCTURE) SKYROCKETS. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT NEEDED. * THE COST OF RESEARCH (INFRASTRUCTURE) SKYROCKETS. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT NEEDED. * INCREASING CRITICAL SIZE IN RESEARCH. NETWORKING. * INCREASING CRITICAL SIZE IN RESEARCH. NETWORKING. (BOTH FINANCIALLY AND IN HUMAN POTENTIAL) (BOTH FINANCIALLY AND IN HUMAN POTENTIAL) * STRONGER INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ECONOMY E.G. THROUGH INNOVATION * STRONGER INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ECONOMY E.G. THROUGH INNOVATION * NEW WAYS OF DOING SCIENCE: „KNOWLEDGE BORN IN CYBER- * NEW WAYS OF DOING SCIENCE: „KNOWLEDGE BORN IN CYBER- SPACE” THROUGH THE INTERACTION OF DISLOCATED SCIENTISTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE SPACE” THROUGH THE INTERACTION OF DISLOCATED SCIENTISTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE * DEVELOPMENT COSTS BEYOND THE POSSIBILITIES OF COMPANIES  REQUEST FOR STATE INTERVENTION, COMPANY * DEVELOPMENT COSTS BEYOND THE POSSIBILITIES OF COMPANIES  REQUEST FOR STATE INTERVENTION, COMPANY CONSORTIA (JTI!) CONSORTIA (JTI!) * SCIENCE HAS BECOME FULLY INTERNATIONAL. GLOBALIZATION. * SCIENCE HAS BECOME FULLY INTERNATIONAL. GLOBALIZATION.

5. PILLARS OF EUROPEAN SCIENCE POLICY - BASED ON THE KNOWLEDGE TRIANGLE - BASED ON THE KNOWLEDGE TRIANGLE EDUCATION, RESEARCH, INNOVATION EDUCATION, RESEARCH, INNOVATION - THE LISBON STRATEGY - THE LISBON STRATEGY Knowledge-based economy – competitiveness and jobs Knowledge-based economy – competitiveness and jobs - THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA (ERA) VISION - THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA (ERA) VISION Harmonization, freedom of researchers, knowledge, technology. Harmonization, freedom of researchers, knowledge, technology. ERC! and ESFRI! (EIT, Tech. Platforms,…) ERC! and ESFRI! (EIT, Tech. Platforms,…) - THE LJUBLJANA PROCESS - THE LJUBLJANA PROCESS Joint programming; Fifth freedom; ERA governance Joint programming; Fifth freedom; ERA governance - THE BOLOGNA PROCESS - THE BOLOGNA PROCESS European Higher Education Area (EHEA) European Higher Education Area (EHEA)

6. THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA (ERA) (the European response to the challenges) IT SHOULD BE AN AREA WHERE  the scientific capacity and material resources can be optimized in synergy,  where national and European policies can be implemented more coherently, and  where people and knowledge can circulate freely; IT SHOULD BE  attractive both to European researchers and the best researchers from outside the EU (talents), and  be based on common social and ethical values, rooted in European traditions.

7. ERA AND RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES Research infrastructures are major instruments of world- class research and innovation -serving all fields of sciences, -being single sited or distributed, -national or international, -including e-infrastructures and databases -and networks of (mainly smaller) facilities Like e.g. CERN, ESO, EMBL and other members of the EIRO- forum, GEANT,…

8. RI-s CONTRIBUTE TO -EUROPEAN COMPETITIVENESS ON GLOBAL SCALE, -THE STIMULATION OF EUROPEAN INDUSTRIES, -THE DEVELOPMENT OF CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGIES (ESS, ITER, ELI,etc.), -STRATEGIC SCIENTIFIC PLANNING, -THE TRAINING OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS, etc. AND BY THIS INFLUENCE THEY CREATE EUROPEAN ADDED VALUES, AND STIMULATE THE MUTUAL ACCESS TO THE MOST ADVANCED NATIONAL RI-s

9. STRASSBOURG: ~9+1 proposals, one (ESFRI) realized but all the others were discussed in Versailles (2009) After 1 year of the completion of the document (Developing World-class Research Infrastructures for the European Research Area) A vision for strengthening world-class research infrastructures in the ERA (2010) Conclusions:- ESFRI-s positive impact - Strengthening the legal aspects -and the international dimensions -Preparation projects of FP7 (10 completed)

10. TODAY’S CHALLENGES IN WORLD CLASS RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES  WE NEED A PROCESS THAT TURNS IDEAS (ESFRI, E-IRG, MEMBER STATE ROADMAPS, REGIONAL PLANS) INTO PRACTICE  -Structural funds Strong ERC support  -ERC like agency  (MC + EC commitment needed)  Complement the “WHAT”(44 units) with the “WHO+HOW”  ISSUES TO BE DISCUSSED IN THIS CONNECTION:  -PRIORITIZATION within the roadmap;  -MORE AND BETTER FUNDING (for construction and exploration);  -LEGAL FRAMEWORK (e.g.European Res Infrastruct Consortia);  -MANAGEMENT AND ACCESS;  -E-INFRASTRUCTURES (including data and paper depositories);  -THE GLOBAL LEVEL (the largest facilities, data).

11. PRIORITIZATION: -Some sort of preference is needed in the list of the 44 research infrastructures of the ESFRI Roadmap; -National roadmaps should be created and be in harmony with that of the ESFRI roadmap. -E.g. Hungarian roadmap (definitions, combination of bottom up and top dawn steps, cataster, strategic RI-s,..) -Long term strategic goals (vision) and realities (budget, human resources) should be harmonized; -The private sector should be involved in the future infrastructure activities; CREATION OF CONSORTIA (ESS, ELI,…)

12. FUNDING: -To use the existing research infrastructures and funds more efficiently before asking for additional funds; -There should be a larger proportion of the Structural Funds used for RI-s and the mandatory self contribution in such cases should be lower; -The RI Community Budget should be significantly increased (participation both in building and running the RI-s. Cooperation of EC directorates); -Synergy of different funding schemes (Structural Funds+FP, MC+EC:to influence countries e.g.by lower mandatory national contribution); -Finantial stability: planning, construction, upgrade, operation; -Return of investment: no juste retour practice.

13. LEGAL (and related) ISSUES: -To find the best solutions joint efforts of the scientific and the legal communities are needed -To simplify the finantial and bureaucratic processes -To exploit the possibilities offered by the ERIC scheme. -To harmonize legal regulations e.g. for easier mobility ADDITIONAL LEGAL SCHEMES: -International organizations (CERN), -Non-profit companies (ILL, ESRF), -Multi-party agreements (JET). KNOWLEDGE SHARING SITE SELECTION

14. MANAGEMENT AND ACCESS: -Pan-European decision making processes should be invented -Independent refereeing processes should be worked out (this is still a missing instrument) -To get different user committees together to find harmonized solutions in planning and operation (e.g. physics and biology) -To gain the necessary political support, the finance ministers should also be involved in the decisions -Bi-annual review of national reports on the implementation of the Lisbon strategy to enable corrections, if needed -To use existing experience (e.g. that of the EIROforum) -Coordination of member states (inclusive the EC)

15. E-INFRASTRUCTURES (basic significance for ERA) -Enormous change in the world of science-data : -exponentially increasing amount of data -GEANT, Grid, modelling -the need for labeling of data and quality assurance -The need to structure scientific data more carefully -An instrument to support networking of RI-s (and research)

16. THE GLOBAL LEVEL -One single European voice in order to be competitive on global scale -The lesson of CERN and(!) ITER: -the winner should not take all, -leadership needed, -without a proper budget, success is not imaginable. But proper planning!? The existing experience (again e.g.EIROforum) The regional impact is also important (economic effect) Networking of infrastructures More homogeneous geographic distribution

17. THE ROLE OF THE COMMISSION -The Access programme of FP6 and FP7 (fine, but underfinanced). The expected new call! -The Preparatory Programmes for facilities in the ESFRI Roadmap -The green book and the expert reports -Coordination -Higher share of the RI budget in the next FP-s AND FINALLY A BRIEF EXAMPLE:

18. SOME GENERAL REMARKS (instead of a summary) CRISIS (not only threats but new chances too) CRITICAL SIZE (Sárközi:even the biggest European country is not big enough to be competitive on global scale, but the smallest country is also needed) BALANCE betveen long and short term goals should be reached and properly communicated to the society REGIONAL aspects (local economy, Structural Funds)

19. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EUROPEAN RESEARCH COUNCIL