1. What does this source tell us? Who wrote it? A beautiful tipi is like a good mother. She hugs her children to her and protects them from heat & cold.

2. What is Manifest Destiny? Manifest Destiny is the historical belief that the United States is destined, even divinely ordained, to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. Advocates of Manifest Destiny believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was obvious ("manifest") and certain ("destiny"). Originally a political catch phrase of the 19th century, "Manifest Destiny" eventually became a standard historical term, sometimes used as a synonym for the expansion of the United States across the North American continent and justified what they were doing was right and ‘God ordained’.It led to Government legislation like the Homestead Act. "(It is)..our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty" In 1845 these words were written by John O'Sullivan, a democrat leader and editor of the New York newspaper 'The Morning Post'.

3. What role did Mountain Men play in the settlement of the West?

4. Why did the early pioneers go to California & Oregon?

5. The Danger question!!! Similar question that can be about anyone having to cross the Plains… ~ Early pioneers going to California & Oregon ~ Mormons going to Salt Lake ~ Homesteaders going to the Plains ~ Cowboys herding cattle What dangers did X face when crossing the Plains?

6. Why did the Mormons go West? or Why were the Mormons so hated?

7. K irtland Economic crash People were angry about this because… M issouri Equality: Indians & slavery People were angry about this because… N auvoo Polygamy People were angry about this because…

8. What do Mormons believe? The Mormon religion (Mormonism), whose followers are known as Mormons and Latter Day Saints (LDS), was founded less than two hundred years ago by a man named Joseph Smith. He claimed to have received a personal visit from God the Father and Jesus Christ who told him that all churches and their creeds were an abomination. Joseph Smith then set out to begin a brand-new religion that claims to be the “only true church on earth.” The problem Christians had with Mormonism is that it contradicts, modifies, and expands on the Bible which they consider blasphemy. Mormons believe that there are four sources of divinely inspired words, the main two are: 1)The Bible “as far as it is translated correctly.” 2)The Book of Mormon, which was “translated” by Smith and published in 1830. Smith claimed it is the “most correct book” on earth and that a person can get closer to God by following its precepts “than by any other book.” They also believe that… * Jesus came to the America's shortly after his resurrection. * Jewish people settled in the Americas 500 BC. * Joseph Smith was a prophet that translated the golden plates into the Book of Mormon. * That after a person dies they will be in a spirit world to be reconditioned to go to heaven. * There are three levels of heaven.

9. How did Brigham Young solve the problems of the journey to Salt Lake? ProblemSolution Poorly prepared In Spring 1846, mobs looted Mormons' workshops, forcing them to leave Nauvoo before they were ready for their long trek to Salt Lake. Brigham Young (Mormon leader) sent advance 'pioneers' ahead, to plant crops, build houses, set up staging posts for the travellers. The journey The Mormons faced a journey of 2,250km, which made them 'weary and footsore'. They endured 'stormy weather' in winter; and 'excessive heat' in summer. No solution, Mormons had to 'endure'. Organisation On the journey 15,000 Mormons faced accidents, breakdowns, mouldy food, fever, lack of medical facilities, Native American attacks Young taught Mormons how to manage a wagon train, and how to defend themselves against attack at night.

10. How successful were the Mormons at Salt Lake? Nine times out of ten, this requires a balanced answer and then reaching a judgment

11. On arrival at Great Salt Lake things didn't get easier straight away. The Mormons faced further problems, which they also had to overcome. Life at Salt Lake was hard, and the Mormons were 'tired out and worried'. Salt Lake was a 'desolate and forsaken spot'. There was little rain. “The climate is severe and changeable... the cattle die. Crickets and grasshoppers swarm in myriads... Frost is very destructive...” Unknown Mormon traveller The Mormons had to develop irrigation schemes, using snow water from the mountains - by 1859 Salt Lake was "well-filled with peach, apple and other fruit". There were no trees in Salt Lake, so the Mormons had to make houses from mud bricks - by 1855 there were 'warm, comfortable, neat' houses and a 'magnificent' city, with a temple, a tabernacle and hall. There were not enough people for the community to be entirely self-sufficient - so the Mormon leader Brigham Young called Mormons from all over the world to go to Salt Lake to help out. As a result, large numbers of Mormons migrated to Salt Lake City (although many died on the way). The Mormons had no manufacturers, and although they tried to set up industries, they failed - so necessary items often had to be made by hand. In 1848 the US occupied New Mexico, where Salt Lake was situated, and the US government refused Young's attempt to have a 'free and independent' Mormon state of 'Deseret'. In 1857 he sent in 1,500 troops - so the Mormons prepared for war, but eventually came to a compromise. As a result, Salt Lake City became the US state of Utah.

12. Who do you think produced this poster and how USEFUL is it?