1. Water Loss Seminar Ankara January 21st 2009 PROWAT’s PRODUCTS: THE BASIC WATER LOSS BOOK AND LATEST TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING AND CONTROLLING WATER LOSS IN THE EU Presented by : Richard Pilcher Water Management Consultant EDUCATION AND CULTURE TURKISH NATIONAL AGENCY

2. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control One of the products from the PROWAT project will be: PROWAT: PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING A NON-REVENUE WATER REDUCTION STRATEGY IMPROVES THE PERFORMANCE OF WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS. Outcome of a Leonardo da Vinci Project: Project No: TR/06/B/F/PP/178065 PRINCIPAL AUTHORS: Richard PILCHER Altan DIZDAR Selcuk TOPRAK Elmo DE ANGELIS A. Cem KOC Cuneyt DILSIZ Kylene DE ANGELIS Fatih DIKBAS Mahmut FIRAT Ulker GUNER BACANLI THE BASIC WATER LOSS BOOK A GUIDE TO WATER LOSS REDUCTION STRATEGY AND APPLICATION The Basic Water Loss BookThe Basic Water Loss Book - Part 1 for senior managers and decision makers - Part 2 for engineers and technicians The Basic Water Loss BookThe Basic Water Loss Book - Part 1 for senior managers and decision makers - Part 2 for engineers and technicians

3. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control The Basic Water Loss Book Part 1 Essentially non - technicalEssentially non - technical Explains water loss in a wide contextExplains water loss in a wide context Outlines the benefits of water loss reduction from:Outlines the benefits of water loss reduction from: –Political point of view –Financial or economic aspect –Improved public relations and level of service to customer –Provision of training for engineers and technicians

4. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control The Basic Water Loss Book Part 2 Technical section providing detail on:Technical section providing detail on: –How to assess water loss –Plan and implement a strategy –Leakage reduction and control activities –Managing commercial losses –Water efficiency for customers –Sustainability –3 Case studies from Italy, Cyprus and FYR Macedonia

5. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Types of water loss Examples of Real (Physical) Losses:Examples of Real (Physical) Losses: - Background leakage on joints and fittings - Reported and unreported bursts on pipes - Leakage and overflows from reservoirs Examples of Apparent (Commercial) Losses:Examples of Apparent (Commercial) Losses: -Errors on source and production meters -Errors in customer meters -Illegal connections and theft Examples of Unbilled Authorised Consumption:Examples of Unbilled Authorised Consumption: -Fire fighting -Operational use by water utility

6. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Practical Process for Water Loss Management How much water is being lost? Use IWA Water Balance & terminology to calculate Non Revenue Water components How are we doing? Check and compare Real Losses management performance using the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) Identify, prioritise and implement most effective actions to reduce losses

7. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Establishing an IWA standard water balance

8. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Developing A Typical NRW Reduction Strategy Understand the timescale and funding for the reduction Set target – interim and final Determine the appropriate mix of NRW reduction activities Implementation of activities – pilot stage, main stage Monitor and maintain (sustainability)

9. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Developing a NRW Reduction Target Examine where the major losses are occurring – typically of total losses 75-80% are physical and 20-25% are commercial lossesExamine where the major losses are occurring – typically of total losses 75-80% are physical and 20-25% are commercial losses Often a water utility will want to reduce the level of loss to the economic target i.e.Often a water utility will want to reduce the level of loss to the economic target i.e. “that level of leakage where the marginal cost of active leakage control equals the marginal cost of the leaking water” After assessing water loss a target needs to be set

10. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control The Four Pillars of Leakage Management

11. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control The Stages of a Modern Leakage Reduction Programme Monitoring – District Meter Areas (DMAs), data logging, telemetry telemetry Localising – step testing noise logging Localising – step testing noise logging Pinpointing – leak noise correlation, ground microphones Pinpointing – leak noise correlation, ground microphones Repair – prompt good quality repair Repair – prompt good quality repair Pressure Management Pressure Management Assessment of whether to repair or replace Assessment of whether to repair or replace

12. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Leakage Monitoring To divide the network in sectors or District Meter Areas (DMAS) Flow continuously monitored Flow continuously monitored Easier location of non-visible leaks Easier location of non-visible leaks Efficient use of leakage manpower Efficient use of leakage manpower

13. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Leak Localising Leak localising is the narrowing down of a leak in a section of networkLeak localising is the narrowing down of a leak in a section of network Use of ‘step test’ or acoustic (noise) loggersUse of ‘step test’ or acoustic (noise) loggers A good leak noise will produce a steady concentrated sound. Typically a high peakA good leak noise will produce a steady concentrated sound. Typically a high peak with a narrow spread with a narrow spread

14. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Leak Location or Pinpointing Leak location or pinpointing is the act of precisely locating a leak once it has been identified by one of the methods of leak localisingLeak location or pinpointing is the act of precisely locating a leak once it has been identified by one of the methods of leak localising Modern correlating techniques are often used in conjunction with the traditional listening stickModern correlating techniques are often used in conjunction with the traditional listening stick

15. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Pinpointing - Digital Correlating Logger The digital correlating logger combines the process of noise logging (leak localising) and leak noise correlation (pinpointing) into one operation.The digital correlating logger combines the process of noise logging (leak localising) and leak noise correlation (pinpointing) into one operation. This results in improved operational efficiency with reduction in manpower costsThis results in improved operational efficiency with reduction in manpower costs

16. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control New and Emerging Technology Multi-point system for leak locationMulti-point system for leak location Acoustic logging with SMSAcoustic logging with SMS Statistical analysis of frequency spectrum of leak noiseStatistical analysis of frequency spectrum of leak noise Improved systems for locating leaks on non-metallic pipesImproved systems for locating leaks on non-metallic pipes Accurate leak detection and sizing of leakAccurate leak detection and sizing of leak

17. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Leak Repair A prompt and good quality repair is essential to: Maximise savings To avoid damage to property, other utility services and the highway To prevent further damage to the leaking pipe itself To minimise the disruption caused to members of the public

18. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Pressure Management Many practitioners consider pressure management to be the foundation of water loss reduction and control Reduce surges and excess pressures: -Reduce burst rates and background leakage, cut repair costs -Reduce the flow rates of all leaks -Reduce some components of consumption -Effects of change can be predicted

19. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Pressure management The benefits of flow modulated pressure reducing valves

20. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Pressure management An example of the reduction of bursts following pressure reduction

21. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Commercial Loss Component Analysis meter under- registrationmeter under- registration meter reading errorsmeter reading errors errors in managing metered consumption dataerrors in managing metered consumption data water theftwater theft Current Annual Apparent Losses Economic Level Unavoidable Apparent Losses Meter under- registration Data transfer errors between meter and billing system Data analysis between archived data and data used for billing/ water balance Unauthorized consumption

22. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Apparent or commercial loss reduction strategies Development of strategies and company policies for managing apparent lossesDevelopment of strategies and company policies for managing apparent losses -Replacement -Sizing, classes -Change of ownership procedure -Internal procedures -Policy on splitting & merging of premises -Reduction of illegal connections

23. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Automated Meter Reading (AMR) What is AMR? AMR is the collection of flow data from a customers’ meter to a central location via communications link meter to a central location via communications link Changes in flow pattern of customer usage may Changes in flow pattern of customer usage may indicate a suspected leak on a service connection or indicate a suspected leak on a service connection or close by in the DMA. close by in the DMA. AMR will also reduce apparent or commercial losses by AMR will also reduce apparent or commercial losses by identifying a meter that has stopped or an illegal identifying a meter that has stopped or an illegal connection. connection.

24. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Case Study – Skopje, FYR Macedonia Skopje is the capital city of FYR MacedoniaSkopje is the capital city of FYR Macedonia The city is situated on the banks of the Vardar riverThe city is situated on the banks of the Vardar river Skopje has a population of 555,000Skopje has a population of 555,000 Water and wastewater services are provided by Vodovod Skopje founded in 1907. it is a public non-profit making organisationWater and wastewater services are provided by Vodovod Skopje founded in 1907. it is a public non-profit making organisation Skopje is the capital city of FYR MacedoniaSkopje is the capital city of FYR Macedonia The city is situated on the banks of the Vardar riverThe city is situated on the banks of the Vardar river Skopje has a population of 555,000Skopje has a population of 555,000 Water and wastewater services are provided by Vodovod Skopje founded in 1907. it is a public non-profit making organisationWater and wastewater services are provided by Vodovod Skopje founded in 1907. it is a public non-profit making organisation

25. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Case Study – Skopje, FYR Macedonia – assessment of water loss Vodovod Skopje realised that the amount of water being put into the system was increasing but the amount of water being sold was notVodovod Skopje realised that the amount of water being put into the system was increasing but the amount of water being sold was not In 2005 the water company decided to accurately assess the level of water loss using the IWA methodologyIn 2005 the water company decided to accurately assess the level of water loss using the IWA methodology The level of water loss was estimated to be 56% of water put into the systemThe level of water loss was estimated to be 56% of water put into the system

26. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Case Study – Skopje, FYR Macedonia – assessing water loss The reasons for the large level of water loss or NRW were:The reasons for the large level of water loss or NRW were: -Age of water supply network -Low cost of water resources -Passive leakage control policy i.e. only visible leaks were repaired -Increase in the customer tariff -No meter change out policy

27. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Case Study – Skopje, FYR Macedonia – strategy development A hydraulic model was built and calibrated for the city in 2006A hydraulic model was built and calibrated for the city in 2006 The water company decided that district metering would be am appropriate methodologyThe water company decided that district metering would be am appropriate methodology A pilot area that would contain 16 District Meter Areas (DMAs)A pilot area that would contain 16 District Meter Areas (DMAs) These 16 DMAs were designed and implemented in 2007These 16 DMAs were designed and implemented in 2007

28. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Case Study – Skopje, FYR Macedonia – methodology ANALYZE THE DATA AZNP AND MNF ON SITE MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE AND FLOW DMA DESIGN VISUAL INSPECTION OF WATER, SEWERAGE SYSTEM, ON SITE SURVEY FOR ILLEGAL CONNECTIONS ACOUSTIC SOUNDING SURVEY LEAK LOCATION REPAIR, ANALYZE DETECTION ACTIVITIES EFFECTIVENESS

29. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Case Study – Skopje, FYR Macedonia – results 80 leaks located and repaired 1 open flushing valve into sewer network1 open flushing valve into sewer network 19 illegal connections located19 illegal connections located 58 faulty meters located58 faulty meters located Water saved – 1.58 MldWater saved – 1.58 Mld Increase in revenueIncrease in revenue

30. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Case Study – Skopje, FYR Macedonia – conclusions For the first time in Macedonia, a Water Loss project was designed and carried out without any consultancy from abroadFor the first time in Macedonia, a Water Loss project was designed and carried out without any consultancy from abroad Introduction and calculation of IWA standard Water balance terminology and the IWA suggested performance indicatorsIntroduction and calculation of IWA standard Water balance terminology and the IWA suggested performance indicators Deciding that the of establishment of DMAs as the most appropriate method for water loss reduction and controlDeciding that the of establishment of DMAs as the most appropriate method for water loss reduction and control Adopt IWA WLTF “best practice” approach to leakage managementAdopt IWA WLTF “best practice” approach to leakage management Reduction of water loss by approximately 38 % of each DMA’s input volumeReduction of water loss by approximately 38 % of each DMA’s input volume Identification of opportunities for pressure managementIdentification of opportunities for pressure management The Water Loss activities will be ongoing...The Water Loss activities will be ongoing...

31. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control The Basic Water Loss Book Covers all aspects of water loss reduction and controlCovers all aspects of water loss reduction and control Provides guidance on assessing water loss and how to develop an appropriate reduction strategyProvides guidance on assessing water loss and how to develop an appropriate reduction strategy Incorporates international best practice as developed by the IWA and other water associationsIncorporates international best practice as developed by the IWA and other water associations Provides 3 good case studies where successful water loss reduction strategies have been undertaken in EuropeProvides 3 good case studies where successful water loss reduction strategies have been undertaken in Europe

32. Water Loss Reduction and Control Water Loss Reduction and Control Thank you Thank you EDUCATION AND CULTURE TURKISH NATIONAL AGENCY