1. Think, Pair, Share Think about what you see in the picture, and answer the following questions on a sheet of paper: - What do you believe is going on in the photograph? - What evidence is there to support your belief? Once you have answered the questions share your findings with a partner.

2. British Rule in India CH. 14 SECTION 3

3. The Great Rebellion

4.  During the 18 th century British rule in India significantly increased  The British East India Company became actively involved in political and military affairs in India - had their own soldiers and forts - as well as Indian soldiers called sepoys

5. The Great Rebellion Events Leading to the Rebellion  In 1857 there was an Indian revolt due to Indian distrust of the British  This event became known as: - The Sepoy Mutiny to the British - First War of Independence to the Indian

6. The Great Rebellion Causes of this revolt  Two dominant religions in India, Hinduism and Islam - In Hinduism the cow is very sacred - In Islam the pig is considered taboo  Rumor concerning the new rifle cartridges - Greased with cow and pig fat - Soldiers were required to bite off the end of the cartridge

7. The Great Rebellion  Many sepoys refused to load the guns - British officials charged them with mutiny, publicly humiliated them, and put them in prison  This leads to a sepoy rampage that killed 50 men, women, and children  The rebellion was put down by the British within a year

8. Effects of the Rebellion  Due to the rebellion, power was taken from the British East India Company and given to the British government.  Queen Victoria proclaims herself as Empress of India  The rebellion helped fuel Indian nationalism

9. British Colonial Rule  After the rebellion India is ruled directly  A British official, called a viceroy, was put into place - A viceroy is a governor who rules as a representative of a monarch  Along with a viceroy a British civil service staff was put into place.

10. British Colonial Rule  Benefits for colonial subjects - It brought order and stability - honest, and efficient government - New school system set up by Thomas Macaulay a. Served only elite, upper class Indians b. Taught them how to serve in the government and army - brought jobs to the Indians - Roads, canals, universities, medical centers, and postal services were built - Health and sanitation improved

11. British Colonial Rule  Negatives of colonial rule - The economy: only British entrepreneurs and very few Indians reaped the financial benefits - Manufactured goods destroyed local industries, British textiles: a. Put women out of work b. Damaged the India textile Industry - Zaminders, local officials, were asked by the British to collect taxes a. Abused their power and increased taxes b. Forced peasants to become tenants

12. British Colonial Rule  Negatives Continued - Indian farmers were forced to grow cotton instead of food a. Food supplies could not keep up with the growing population b. 1800-1900 30 million Indians died due to starvation - Indians felt degraded by British rule a. The British who lived there received the best jobs and houses

13. Colonial Indian Culture  The British had no respect for India’s culture EX: Taj Mahal  The lack of respect for the Indian culture leads to a cultural awakening among the Indian people  This cultural awakening began with the creation of a British college in Calcutta - Publishing house creates textbooks with subjects such as the sciences, Sanskrit, Western literature, printed grammars, and dictionaries in Indian languages

14. Colonial Indian Culture  The Indian people began to search for a new national identity an modern literary expressions - Indian novelists and poets wrote historical romances and epics in their own regional languages  Newspapers were also printed in reginal languages, and this helped arouse support for nationalists causes - Rubindranath Tagore- Nobel Prize in literature in 1913 a. He promoted pride in national Indian consciousness in the face of British domination b. He was for human dignity, world peace, mutual understanding, and the union of the East and West

15. Indian Nationalists  British arrogance and discrimination leads to an Indian nationalist movement  First nationalists were upper class and English educated - Preferred reform over revolution - Slow process leads to them wanting more  In 1885 they meet in Bombay and form the Indian National Congress - They call for a share in the governing process - Face difficulties due to religious differences  The Congress wanted independence for all Indians, but many of the leaders were Hindu and always seemed to reflect Hindu concerns  Muslims soon call for a separate Muslim League

16. Indian Nationalists Mohandas Gandhi  In 1914 Mohandas Gandhi returned to India from South Africa  He was born in 1869 in Western India  He studied in London and became a lawyer  In 1893 he went to South Africa to work in a law firm serving Indian workers there - While he was in South Africa he saw the racial exploitation of his people  When he returned he became active in the independence movement and brought new life to it - He practiced non violent resistance - His aim was for the British to improve the lot of the poor and grant independence to India

17. Historical Tweet @Gandhi1916 Our languages are part of who we are! We deserve an education in our own tongue! #DontBindOurTongues #FreeIndia