1. Chemistry Mass and Energy

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10. 9.9. The table below lists three characteristics of an atom of an element. An atom of which element is described by the data in the table? A Radon (Rn) B Cadmium (Cd) C Rubidium (Rb) D Astatine (At)

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15. 14. Some students conducted a laboratory investigation to learn more about the physical properties of different elements. They observed four samples and recorded their observations in the table below

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17. 16. A model of an atom is shown below. An atom of which element is represented by this model? A Boron (B) B Carbon (C) C Neon (Ne) D Sodium (Na)

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24. 23. The model of the periodic table below shows the locations of four elements A student is asked to identify an element that is a pale-yellow brittle solid and does not conduct electricity. At which location in this periodic table would the element most likely be found? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

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28. 27. During an investigation, a student combined the two clear, colorless solutions shown below The student observed that the temperature changed from 25°C to 23°C when the solutions were combined and that a white substance rapidly formed and settled to the bottom of the container. What most likely happened to produce these results? F One of the original compounds came out of solution G The solutions reacted chemically H Some of the water froze into ice crystals. J Rapid evaporation of water occurred, leaving a solid

29. Physics Force and Motion

30. 28. A student lets a toy car roll four times down a ramp that is 1 m long. Each time the student covers the surface of the ramp with a different material. The student measures the time it takes the car to roll down the ramp and records the results in the table below. Which of these would be the best conclusion based on the data in the table? A Different surfaces affect how fast a toy car accelerates. B Different toy cars travel at different speeds. C Gravity has little effect on the speed of toy cars on different surfaces. D Air resistance is the greatest factor in limiting the acceleration of different toy cars.

31. 29. Four students were asked to classify the activities of four people as examples of either potential or kinetic energy. Which student correctly classified the activities?

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38. 36. In which sections of the track will the sled experience an unbalanced force? A Sections 1 and 3 B Sections 2 and 3 C Sections 2 and 4 D Sections 3 and 4

39. 37. The masses of four vehicles and the net forces acting on them as they enter a highway are recorded in the table below. Which vehicle has the greatest acceleration as it enters the highway? A Sedan B Coupe C SUV D Truck

40. 38. Four students volunteered to help a librarian move containers of library materials. The graph shows the amount of force used to lift the containers. The numbers in the bars show the mass of each container. The results for each student helper are shown in the table. Based on this information, which student helper did not do any work on a container? A Helper W B Helper X C Helper Y D Helper Z

41. 39. The diagram shows a homemade car being pushed with a force of 25 N. The force causes the car to move at a constant speed of 3 m/s. What will happen if the force is changed to 35 N? F The car will move at a constant speed of 13 m/s. G The speed of the car will not change. H The speed of the car will increase. J The speed of the car will decrease to 1 m/s.

42. 40. The three vehicles shown below are all traveling at a speed of 15 m/s, but only the pickup truck has a changing velocity. The pickup truck has a changing velocity because the pickup truck — A can accelerate faster than the other two vehicles B is traveling in the opposite direction from the other two vehicles C is traveling on a curve in the road D needs a large amount of force to move

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44. 42. For an investigation, a student measures the speed of a cart as it rolls down a ramp. The student then records data in the table below. Which of these best explains the student’s data? F The speed of the cart decreases as the cart rolls down the ramp because of friction between the cart and the ramp. G The speed of the cart increases as the cart rolls down the ramp because the force acting on the cart is greater than the force of gravity. H The speed of the cart increases as the cart rolls down the ramp because the forces acting on the cart are unbalanced. J The speed of the cart decreases as the cart rolls down the ramp because the forces acting on the cart are balanced.

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46. 44. In the classroom demonstration shown below, a rubber ball is dropped from Position 1. The ball bounces as shown. At which of these positions does the ball have both the greatest kinetic energy and the least potential energy? A Position 1 B Position 2 C Position 3 D Position 4

47. 45. Four students raced toy cars on a track. The mass and the acceleration of each car is recorded in the table below. Which toy car had the greatest applied force? F 1 G 2 H 3 J 4

48. 46. A car travels at a constant speed of 15 m/s for 2 minutes. The car increases its speed from 15 to 25 m/s during the next minute and then travels at a constant speed of 25 m/s for 2 more minutes. Which of the following graphs best represents the car’s motion during this 5-minute period?

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50. 48. Some students measure the acceleration of a wheeled cart being acted on by varying forces. The students record their data in the table shown above. According to the data table, how much force is acting on the cart when the students measure an acceleration of 2.6 m/s2 ? F 13 N G 7 N H 8 N J 12 N

51. 49. The diagram below shows a hot air balloon rising. Propane gas tanks are seen at the bottom of the balloon. What energy transformations occur when propane gas is used to lift the balloon? A Mechanical light chemical B Chemical mechanical thermal C Thermal chemical light D Chemical thermal mechanical

52. 50. Sometimes tectonic plates do not move easily past one another, and the plates become stuck. Forces build up, and when the plates finally move, tension is released, as shown below. The sudden movement of the plates is caused by — A the mass of the plates B the weight of the plates C unbalanced forces D gravitational force

53. 51. The diagram below shows a boat moving north in a river at 3 m/s while the current in the river moves south at 1 m/s. How will the boat be affected if it enters a part of the river where the current is moving south at 2 m/s? F The boat will move slower. G The boat will move faster. H The boat will stop. J The boat will move to the west

54. Earth Science

55. 52. The model below shows two continental plates. The folded mountains in this model form at which type of plate boundary? F Transform boundary G Divergent boundary H Subduction boundary J Convergent boundary

56. 53. The satellite photograph below shows a large meteorite crater that is 1200 m in diameter and 170 m deep. This crater is located in a flat, arid part of northeastern Arizona. How will this crater most likely change over time? F It will get deeper as it fills with water. G It will rise up like a volcanic crater. H It will become less deep as the rim erodes. J It will widen as it fills with lava.

57. 54. Which of these locations on Earth experiences the least change in the number of daylight hours throughout the year? F Equator G North Pole H Tropic of Cancer J Tropic of Capricorn

58. 55. The diagram below shows four phases of the moon as it revolves around Earth. A student builds a model based on this diagram. The student uses foam balls to represent the moon and Earth and a flashlight to represent the sun. The student should shine the flashlight on the model of Earth from Position — A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

59. 56. The thick black lines on the map below show the locations of mid- ocean ridges. Which geologic feature is most likely to form at a mid-ocean ridge? A Peninsula B Volcano C Delta D Plateau

60. 57. 360 A section of a topographic map is shown below. What is the difference in elevation in meters between Point X and Point Y on the map? Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.

61. 58. A student keeps a record of the phases of the moon for one month. On the first night of the student’s observations, the full moon is visible in the sky. After the full moon, which of these phases will the student observe next? F Waxing crescent moon G Waxing gibbous moon H Waning crescent moon J Waning gibbous moon

62. 59. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows how the brightness, surface temperature, and color of stars are related. Which of these observations of Barnard’s Star is most likely accurate? A Barnard’s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature below 3,800 K, and is red. B Barnard’s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature above 3,800 K, and is red. C Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature below 5,300 K, and is yellow. D Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature above 5,300 K, and is yellow

63. 60. Earth would not have seasons if it — A no longer tilted on its axis B stopped rotating on its axis C took an additional month to orbit the sun D revolved around the sun in the opposite direction

64. 61. Why does Earth get more energy from the sun than from all the other stars in the universe combined? A The sun is much larger than the other stars. B The sun is much hotter than the other stars. C The sun is much more dense than the other stars. D The sun is much closer than the other stars.

65. 62. A student sets up the investigation shown below. The movement of colored water through the gravel best models — F condensation of water vapor G surface runoff of precipitation H conservation of water J pollution of groundwater

66. 63. A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is shown below. Based on this diagram, which type of stars would belong to spectral class M and have the highest luminosity? F Main-sequence stars G Giants H White dwarfs J Supergiants

67. 64. The Rio Grande Valley is located at the southern tip of Texas at the end of a long river known as the Rio Grande. How did the delta at the end of the Rio Grande form? F Sand and mud from the Gulf of Mexico were washed ashore by tsunamis. G The river cut through the solid bedrock of the valley. H The river deposited large amounts of sediment from land erosion. J Hurricanes pushed soil and debris from the Gulf of Mexico onto the land.

68. 65. Scientists recently discovered that rocks collected from the Franklin Mountains in West Texas and rocks collected from mountains in eastern Antarctica were exactly the same age. Further research showed that the rocks were chemically and geologically the same and came from the same magma source. This discovery provides evidence of — F coastal erosion G plate tectonics H ocean currents J glacial melting

69. 66. The satellite image below shows a ship channel between South Padre Island and Boca Chica beach in South Texas. Sand is sometimes removed from the ship channel through a process called dredging to make it easier for ships to travel through. Recently sand from the bottom of the channel was moved to area beaches. Without this transfer of sand, what would most likely occur in this area in the future? A The ship channel would become deeper, and the island would move west toward the mainland. B The ship channel would become shallower, and the beach would become narrower. C The ship channel would become narrower, and the island would become completely covered with water. D The ship channel would become wider, and the island would sink into the Gulf of Mexico.

70. 67. A student draws the model shown below. Which of these best compares the conditions at Location X and Location Y? F It is day at Location X and night at Location Y. G It is winter at Location X and summer at Location Y. H There are more hours of daylight at Location X than at Location Y. J The moon is brighter when viewed from Location X than when viewed from Location Y.

71. 68. Some students used records from the U.S. Naval Observatory to make the table below of the percent of the moon that was visible on each night in January 2011. Based on these data, what part of the lunar cycle occurred between January 5 and January 7? F Waxing crescent moon G Waning crescent moon H Full moon J New moon

72. 69. The diagram below shows a model of the movement of two tectonic plates. When the plates collide, one plate often moves below the other plate. The rising magma that can result from this type of plate movement may produce — F fossil layers G volcanic islands H deep-sea sediment J seafloor spreading

73. 70. The diagram below shows four positions in Earth’s orbit around the sun The Northern Hemisphere experiences the beginning of autumn when Earth is in — F Position 1 G Position 2 H Position 3 J Position 4

74. 71. Four students are asked to describe a nebula and a star. Their responses are shown in the table below Which student described these two celestial bodies correctly? F Student 1 G Student 2 H Student 3 J Student 4

75. 72. The Himalayan mountains are shown on the map. Four students were asked to identify the geologic process that caused this mountain range to form. Their responses are shown below. Which student correctly identified the geologic process that formed the Himalayan mountains? F Student 1 G Student 2 H Student 3 J Student 4

76. 73. The diagram below models Mercury and Venus orbiting the sun What force causes Venus to travel along a curved path instead of moving in a straight line as indicated by the dashed line in the diagram? F Electromagnetic attraction between the sun and Venus G Gravitational attraction between the sun and Venus H Electromagnetic attraction between Mercury and Venus J Gravitational attraction between Mercury and Venus

77. Life Science

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