1. Day 59 Sensationalism- a type of editorial bias in mass media in which events and topics in news stories and pieces are over-hyped to increase viewership or readership numbers. Agenda-setting- the ability of the news media to influence the importance of topics on the public agenda. “having an agenda”- the act of affecting situations in a way to benefit you or your desires. HOW DOES THIS AFFECT CONGRESS, PRESIDENT, THE COURTS? Daily update: 24 class periods until the AP EXAM on MAY 10 at 8AM ---TEST FRIDAY--- Objective: War Powers Resolution Question Notes on purpose of the media Media activity (present term to class) Pass out study guide

2. Congress adopted the War Powers Resolution to (A) give the president additional powers in case of military emergencies (B) delineate a clear chain of command in the event of nuclear war (C) criticize the president for declaring war without authorization from Congress (D) enable the president to commit troops to United Nations peacekeeping forces (E) limit the president’s authority to commit troops overseas

3. Purpose of the media Way to get information (any news story ever) Way to expose problems (unit 5 investigation) or (Kim Kardashian tabloid news) Way to sway opinions (Rachel Maddow) Source of entertainment (CNN or Full Frontal with Samantha Bee) Source of political socialization (info about candidates, issues, and the state of the world)

4. Answer these questions for each section- Answer the questions on the study guide 1.Define the term 2.What does the media do in this role? 3.How does this role of the media affect the general public? 4.How does the media in this role affect Congress/President

5. Liberal bias- Liberal bias is the belief that the media as a whole has a liberal perspective and generally believe in the liberal agenda. MSNBC, Time, The New York Times are all examples of media sources commonly believed to be part of the “liberal media bias” Why can we not totally trust the above sources? 1.What does the media do in this role? 2.How does this role of the media affect the general public? 3.How does the media in this role affect Congress/President

6. Conservative spin- Conservative spin is the counter to the liberal bias. There are media outlets that use a conservative spin or bias to counter act the liberal bias. FOX NEWS is an example. Why can we not totally trust FOX NEWS 1.What does the media do in this role? 2.How does this role of the media affect the general public? 3.How does the media in this role affect Congress/President

7. Trial Balloons Trial balloon- intentional news leak for the purpose of assessing the political reaction. What would an example be? 1.What does the media do in relation to trial balloon? 2.How does this role of the media affect the general public? 3.How does the media in this role affect Congress/President

8. Media= a Company The media is not part of the government but they inform, reveal corruption, praise, and criticize the government. They will be biased They exist to make a PROFIT They have a major impact on our understanding of the government 1.What does the media do in this role? 2.How does this role of the media affect the general public? 3.How does the media in this role affect Congress/President

9. Media=Linkage institution Media is a linkage institution (link the people to the government) Link the people to government by – Interviewing citizens – Presenting poll results – Covering protests – Covering important topics/events 1.What does the media do in this role? 2.How does this role of the media affect the general public? 3.How does the media in this role affect Congress/President

10. Media=Linkage institution II Links the government officials to the people by – Interviewing political leaders – Reporting on government programs – Reporting on government activities 1.What does the media do in this role? 2.How does this role of the media affect the general public? 3.How does the media in this role affect Congress/President

11. Media= agenda setter(Gatekeeper) The media gives attention to some issues and not others. The media has control over what issues the people are informed on. The media play an important role in drawing public attention to particular issues while avoiding others 1.What does the media do in this role? 2.How does this role of the media affect the general public? 3.How does the media in this role affect Congress/President

12. Media= watchdog They observe the government, corporations, and the people to check for appropriate behavior. They will expose the negative actions of government. Government has to act properly in order to not face scrutiny. Why does the media watchdog the government? 1.What does the media do in this role? 2.How does this role of the media affect the general public? 3.How does the media in this role affect Congress/President

13. Day 60 Daily update: 23 class periods until the AP EXAM on MAY 10 at 8AM ---TEST FRIDAY--- Objective: Finish media information Start working on President/media study guide Narrowcasting: media programming on cable TV or the Internet that is focused on one topic and aimed at a particular audience. Examples include ESPN, Fox News, MSNBC, The Golf Channel

14. Daily update: 23 class periods until the AP EXAM on MAY 10 at 8AM ---TEST tomorrow--- Objective: Example of news Finish study guide Answer any questions Day 61

15. President/media Test (Friday) Day 62

16. Example FRQ The public policy process is complex. The formation, enactment, and implementation of public policy involve many government institutions. (a) Explain the importance of each of the following in the formation of the policy agenda. x Media x Elections (b) Describe the roles of each of the following in the enactment of public policy. x Congressional committees x Executive orders (c) Explain the importance of each of the following in the implementation of public policy. x Bureaucratic discretion x Issue networks OR iron triangles 2013 #4

17. Day 63 Civil service- a system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service. Pendelton Civil Service Act- it created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage. Daily update: 21 class periods until the AP EXAM on MAY 10 at 8AM Objective: Bureaucracy – What is it? Story about Mr. Van’s dad Who is a Bureaucrat? Watch Futurama

18. Vocab for Friday’s quiz Civil Service Bureaucratic Discretion Government Corporation patronage Merit System Red tape Independent Executive Agency Independent Regulatory Agency Securities and Exchange Commission Food and Drug Administration Environmental Protection Agency Federal Communication Commission Federal Election Commission NASA Non-governmental organization (NGO)

19. Vocab for Friday’s quiz Civil Service Bureaucratic Discretion Government Corporation patronage Merit System Red tape Independent Executive Agency Independent Regulatory Agency Securities and Exchange Commission Food and Drug Administration Environmental Protection Agency Federal Communication Commission Federal Election Commission NASA Non-governmental organization (NGO)

20. Bureaucracy definitions system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. A government entity that provides services for the people Provide a service that the market would not normally provide (protect the environment, test water supplies)

21. Story about Mr. Van’s Dad

22. Bureaucracy Red tape- the excessive regulation or rigid conformity to formal rules that is considered redundant or bureaucratic and hinders or prevents action or decision-making.

23. Who is a Bureaucrat? 1.Postman 2.IRS worker 3.Teacher 4.Dentist 5.Aaron Hotchner (FBI detective) 6.Derrick Rose 7.Coast Guard Helicopter pilot 8.Kim Kardashian 9.ATF agent 10.Dick Durbin 1.Yes 2.Yes 3.Yes 4.No 5.Yes (even though fictional) 6.No (he plays basketball) 7.Yes 8.NO- Just no 9.Yes (Probably a cool job) 10.He is part of the government but does he fit the qualifications?

24. Day 64 Merit system- A system of public employment in which selection and promotion depend on demonstrated performance rather than political patronage Patronage - The dispensing of government jobs to persons who belong to the winning political party. Daily update: 20 class periods until the AP EXAM on MAY 10 at 8AM Objective: (I’m not here tomorrow-Bureaucracy activity, study for quiz) Define, Provide an example, explain the role of the example, explain how it is a bureaucratic agency, explain how that type of bureaucracy is different than the others

25. Word Number for Bureaucracy/Interest Groups/Public Policy 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 46, 47, 73, 74, 80, 88, 90, 101, 104, 105, 106, 114, 115, 116, 121, 128, 133, 142, 143, 147, 148, 149, 156, 164, 165, 167, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 184, 193, 194, 195, 196, 203, 237, 239, 249, 257, 259, 273, 274, 275, 276, 287, 293, 294

26. Bureaucracy notes/ tips Fiscal Policy vs. Monetary policy – Fiscal policy- refers to taxing and spending policies(laws and regulations) the executive and legislative branches are responsible – Monetary policy- refers to the money supply(how much money is in use) and interest rates. The Federal Reserve Board is responsible. Issue network vs. Iron Triangle – Issue network- includes policy experts, media pundits, congressional staffs, and interest groups. The president will often appoint members of issue networks who agree with him to positions. – Iron triangle- the 3 interlocking points of congressional committee, an interest group, and an administrative agency – Iron triangle 3 parts and issue network is much broader

27. Types of Bureaucracies Cabinet Departments Government Corporation Independent Regulatory Commissions(Agencies) Independent Executive Agencies Explain why the independent ones are independent Define, Provide an example, explain the role of the example, explain how it is a bureaucratic agency, explain how that type of bureaucracy is different than the others

28. Cabinet Department Define Example Role as an agency How is it independent How it is different than the other 3 Independent Regulatory Agency Define Example Role as an agency How is it independent How it is different than the other 3 Independent Executive Agency Define Example Role as an agency How is it independent How it is different than the other 3 Government Corporation Define Example Role as an agency How is it independent How it is different than the other 3

29. Bureaucracy Types Cabinet Departments (Department of Energy) Reports to the president Has a budget Government Corporations (U.S. Postal Service) Essentially a business owned and operated by the gov Will most likely charge for its service Independent Regulatory Commission (FCC) Regulates some part of the economy Enforces the rules of the gov on that sector Independent Executive Agencies (NASA) The rest of the gov Doesn’t regulate and is not a business Totally funded by the government

30. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are examples of (A) cabinet departments (B) independent agencies (C) Executive Office bureaus (D) congressional committees (E) White House staff agencies

31. Day 65 Bureaucratic discretion - the ability of bureaucrats to use their own judgment and make choices concerning the best way to implement federal laws Public Policy- the course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem Daily update: 19 class periods until the AP EXAM on MAY 10 at 8AM Objective: Work on Bureaucracy flyer Watch bureaucracy crash course Study for vocab quiz

32. Bureaucratic Agency flyer Pick any Bureaucratic agency Create a goal for the agency that describes what the group does Provide a picture that illustrates the goal of the agency Provide 3 specific things the agency has done recently (hearing, enforcing a regulation, creating a regulation) Describe how the agency picks its leadership Describe how Congress checks this specific agency Describe how the president checks this specific agency Create a motto for the agency (have fun with it!) Put on a normal sheet of computer paper- make it look pretty This will be collected and graded

33. Day 66 Nongovernmental organization (NGO) - A nonprofit association or group operating outside of government that advocates and pursues policy objectives. Political Action Committee (PAC) - The political arm of an interest group that is legally entitled to raise funds on a voluntary basis from members, stockholders, or employees to contribute funds to candidates or political parties. Daily update: 18 class periods until the AP EXAM on MAY 10 at 8AM Objective: Take vocab quiz, yesterday’s activity, interest group notes, interest group activity

34. What is an interest group? Who is safer from the lion? Hyena 1 Hyena 2 A group of people with the same beliefs, job, or interest that attempt to influence the government through money, votes, and influence. Safety in numbers/ power in numbers

35. The Goal of AARP Help members People pay dues and they receive benefits AARP card (% off goods) Lobbyists working to influence the government in favor of its membership Interest groups are not necessarily bad They are a mechanism for a group’s voice to be heard The louder and more wealthy voices are heard first

36. What is lobbying? Congressman Industry, corporation or interest group of the lobbyist Lobbyist (who works for interest group or business) Campaign of the Congressman Congressman gets reelected b/c of the money Lobbyist reminds Congressman of the campaign contribution Congressman works to create regulation and legislation to help the industry of the lobbyist/interest group $ - Paycheck

37. What are the different types of interest groups? Professional Environmental Public interest Labor Business Agricultural Political Find an interest group that fits into each of the above categories. What would that type of interest group do in Washington?

38. Day 67 Collective action- How groups form and organize to pursue their goals or objectives, including how to get individuals and groups to participate and to cooperate. Public choice - Synonymous with “collective action,” it specifically studies how government officials, politicians, and voters respond to positive and negative incentives. Free rider - An individual who does not want to join a group representing his or her interests yet receives the benefit of the group’s influence. Daily update: 17 class periods until the AP EXAM on MAY 10 at 8AM Objective: Analyze interest group and lobbying political cartoons

39. Upcoming Schedule After school Review (4/18, 4/21, 4/25, 4/28) April 21- Review Bureaucracy, Interest Groups, Policy April 25- Take B, IG, PP Test April 29- Supreme Court cases test Something for Civil Rights/Civil Liberties May 4- FRQ part of Final May 5 MC part of final May 6,9 review for AP Exam May 10 AP EXAM at 8am

40. One of the best strategies that interest groups can use to achieve their goals is (A) pressing for changes in high-profile public policies (B) lobbying members of Congress to make small changes in existing policy (C) using the judiciary to invalidate federal legislation (D) encouraging states to use their Tenth Amendment rights and ignore federal law (E) running candidates for office

41. Day 68 Daily update: 16 class periods until the AP EXAM on MAY 10 at 8AM Objective: Go over president Test Go over FRQ from President Test Details of the Iron Triangle Make your own Iron Triangle Soft money- Money raised in unlimited amounts by political parties for party-building purposes. Unlimited, unregulated, and unreported. Hard money- Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amounts and fully disclosed. -regulated, limited, and reported

42. Multiple Choice Answers 1.D 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.E 10.C 11.E 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.E 16.E 17.C 18.E 19.C 20.E 21.A 22.A 23.A 24.B 25.D 26.E 27.A 28.A 29.A 30.C

43. 1.The Constitution of the United States creates a government of separate institutions that share power rather than a government that delegates power exclusively to a single branch. Frequently, this means that presidents and Congress struggle with each other. A. For each of the presidential powers below, explain one way that congressional decision making is affected by that power. Veto power Power to issue executive orders Power as commander in chief B. For each of the congressional powers below, explain one way that presidential decision making is affected by that power. Legislative oversight power Senate advice and consent power Budgetary power

44. Iron Triangle/Issue Network Iron Triangle-A policy-making alliance that involves a very strong ties among a congressional committee, an interest group, and a Federal Department or agency. Issue Network -An informal and relatively open network of public officials and lobbyists who have a common interest in a given area and who are brought together by a proposed policy in that area. Unlike an iron triangle, an issue network disbands after the issue is resolved.

45. Iron Triangle

46. Make an Iron Triangle Pick an agency Pick a committee that would work with the agency Find an interest group that would work with the agency and committee Create an iron triangle with the relations between the groups

47. The three points of an iron triangle include a.An independent agency, a state, and a member of congress b.An administrative agency, an interest group, and the House majority leader c.A regulatory commission, a corporation, and the White House Office d.The Executive Office of the President, an interest group, and a Senate committee e.A regulatory commission, a corporation, and the White House Office

48. Day 69 Policy in one day Economic Policymaking Social Welfare Policymaking Healthcare Policymaking Environmental Policymaking National Security Policymaking

49. Policy making POLICY-Policy differs from rules or law. While law can compel or prohibit behaviors (a law requiring the payment of taxes on income), policy merely guides actions toward those that are most likely to achieve a desired outcome. POLICYMAKING- The creation, by government, of guidelines designed to protect and improve the country for its citizens.

50. Economic Policymaking The laws, bureaucratic regulations, and executive orders that regulate and control the economy The Fed (Federal Reserve System) – makes monetary policy by regulating the lending practices of banks and thus regulating the supply of money. Monetary policy- the manipulation of supply of money (regulations either increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation) Fiscal policy- the regulations associated with the federal budget (taxing, spending, and borrowing) – Fiscal policy is determined by Congress and the President

51. Social Welfare Policymaking the policies/programs through which the government provides support and assistance to specific groups of people Entitlement programs- benefits that certain qualified individuals are entitled to by law, regardless of need. (not controversial) – People pay into entitlement programs & get money later – Social Security & Medicare – Do not have to be poor and being rich does not disqualify Means tested programs- programs available only to individuals under the poverty line (controversial) – Medicaid – medial and hospital aid – Food stamps – coupons that can be used to buy food – TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) – payment

52. Social Welfare Policymaking II Taxation – Progressive tax- a tax by which the government takes a greater share of the income of the rich than the poor (30% rich/ 5% poor) US uses a type of this – Proportional tax- government takes the same share of income from everyone (20% from all) – Regressive tax- the opposite of progressive tax

53. Healthcare Policymaking the policies designed to run/partially regulate the market based health care system The government & the American people spend A LOT on healthcare (many times more than other western countries) Health insurance- Americans (60%) buy insurance through their employer Medicare- government funded (partially) insurance for older Americans Medicaid- government funded insurance for poor Americans The Government(national/state/local) pays for 46% of the US “health bill” – Other countries 77% – Americans are told/believe we have a private healthcare system – In reality, we have a split system which is largely ineffective

54. Environmental Policymaking the policies designed to protect the air, water, land, and environment as a whole from people/corporations EPA- an agency charged with administering all of the government’s environmental policies. It is a federal independent executive agency that regulates the environment. Clean Air Act of 1970- The law that charged the Department of Transportation with the responsibility to reduce automobile emissions Water Pollution Control Act of 1972- a law that intended to clean lakes and rivers. It required industries, municipalities, & other polluters to pollute less. The government creates policy to protect waterways, endangered species, farmland, the air, & to reduce pollution in general. (created to help PEOPLE then other reasons)

55. National Security Policymaking the polices designed to protect the country from foreign and domestic threats as well as to prepare for US involvement in military action Foreign policy- laws, regulations, and decisions made that impact the rest of the world 3 instruments of foreign policy – Military- the threat of war – Economic- the threat of economic sanctions or the positive of economic relations – Diplomacy- policies, economically and otherwise, used to improve relations Policymakers – The president – main policymaker as the chief diplomat/commander in chief (the president has most contact with rest of the world) – Diplomats- those selected to work with foreign governments – The National Security Establishment- the CIA, Joint Chiefs of Staff, secretary of defense, NSA, and FBI are all involved in the protection of the country – Congress- have the powers of oversight and appropriation of funds

56. Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (McCain- Feingold Act) It is a law that attempted to reduce the influence of people giving soft money to politicians. The law limits the amount of soft money that can be given to a political party and how much can be spent on political advertising. Challenged and overturned by Citizens United v. FEC

57. Day 70 Bureaucracy, Interest Group Public Policy Review time

58. Day 71 Take B, IG, PP test

59. Day 72 The facts of the Supreme Court Members of the court How a court case gets to the Supreme Court? – What do the federal government, Colorado, and the Supreme Court have to do with marijuana Stare decisis - The rule of precedent, whereby a rule or law contained in a judicial decision is commonly viewed as binding on judges whenever the same question is presented. Writ of certiorari- A formal writ used to bring a case before the Supreme Court. –Granting Cert- The court agrees to hear the case.

60. Marbury v. Madison Word of the day refresh: Judicial review- The power of courts to decide whether a governmental institution has acted within its constitutional powers and, if not, to declare its action null and void. Like the forward pass in football or racing on the beach in Daytona.

61. Words to know Judicial restraint- Philosophy proposing that judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect what the framers intended and what its words literally say. Judicial activism- Philosophy proposing that judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect current conditions and values. Rule of Four- An unwritten Supreme Court custom in which four of the nine justices can grant certiorari. This is done to prevent a majority of the court from controlling the docket.

62. The facts of the Supreme Court 9 justices (1 chief and 8 associates) Congress determines the # of justices Nominated by President/Approved by Senate (simple majority) Life terms unless, retire, resign, or are impeached & removed No Constitutional requirements (I could be a justice) NON-Partisan Less than 5% of cases sent to the court are granted certiorari Named in eras by the chief justice (Marshal court, Warren court, Burger Court, Rehnquist court, Roberts Court) Vote from newest justice to most tenured (Chief always last) President nominates/senate approves district and appellate judges

63. Cases involving: Foreign diplomats Between U.S. & a state Between 2 or more states Between a state and a citizen of another state Between a state and foreign country Cases involving: U.S. Court of Appeals Court of Appeals for the Federal Courts Legislative Courts STATE LAWS FEDERAL LAWS

64. Federal District Courts

65. The Federal District Court system 94 FEDERAL LAWS

66. The Current Court

67. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Roberts GW Bush (2005)

68. Current Members Antonin Scalia (Reagan 1986) Anthony Kennedy (Reagan 1988)

69. Current Members Clarence Thomas (HW Bush 1991) Ruth Bader Ginsburg (Clinton 1993)

70. Current Members Stephen Breyer (Clinton 1994) Samuel Alito (GW Bush 2006)

71. Current Members Sonia Sotomayor (Obama 2009) Elena Kagan (Obama 2010)

72. Day 73 Important cases Important words and concepts Dissenting Opinion-A Supreme court opinion by 1 or more justices in the minority to explain the minority's disagreement with the Court's ruling Concurring Opinion- A Supreme Court opinion by 1 or more justices who agree with the majority's conclusion but for different reasons Majority Opinion- Opinion of the majority of the court in a case- it is legally binding

73. INCORPORATION & Nationalization The incorporation of the Bill of Rights is the process by which the Supreme Court applied portions of the U.S. Bill of Rights to all of the states. Prior to the 14 th amendment and its Due Process clause the Bill of Rights was held only to apply to the federal government. Most rights in the Bill of Rights are now incorporated to all of the states Incorporation doctrine = the concept that the Bill of Rights should be incorporated to the states Prior to the ratification of the 14 th amendment and the development of the incorporation doctrine, the Supreme Court in 1833 held in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal, but not any state governments. (Same thing as incorporation) Selective Incorporation

75. Gideon V. Wainwright Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Incorporated the 6 th Amendment with the 14 th State courts and all courts are required to provide counsel for defendants who are unable to pay their own attorney

76. Day 74 Work on Supreme Court cases packet McDonald v. Chicago Wolf v. Colorado and Mapp v. Ohio Obscenity- Quality or state of a work that taken as a whole appeals to a prurient interest in sex by depicting sexual conduct in a patently offensive way and that lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Prior restraint- Censorship imposed before a speech is made or a newspaper is published; usually presumed to be unconstitutional.

77. D.C. v. Heller(2008) & McDonald v. Chicago(2010) The second amendment was incorporated The Second Amendment is now extended to all states and localities. These cases reduced the restrictions on guns (especially handguns) saying that the restrictions were a violation of the second amendment

78. Day 67 Wolf v. Colorado and Mapp v. Ohio Work on Supreme Court Cases

79. Wolf v. Colorado (1949) 4 th Amendment Incorporation Police cannot search you without a warrant But they can use evidence received in an illegal search…. (no Exclusionary rule) “the Court held that the Fourth Amendment was applicable to the States through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, however, the exclusionary rule was not.”

80. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) 4 th Amendment Incorporation Police cannot search you without a warrant Police cannot use evidence received in an illegal search –evidence is inadmissible in court (exclusionary rule is incorporated) “the Supreme Court stated that the 4 th Amendment’s protection against unreasonable searches and seizures must be extended to the states as well as the federal government. The Court also incorporated the exclusionary rule.”

81. Day 75 Supreme Court Cases Test Civil Rights v. Civil Liberties

82. Day 76 civil rights/liberties Government and religion Should the gov be able to do that? Start posters Know the civil rights act, voting rights act, and Americans with disabilities act. Ex Post Facto Law- "after the fact." An ex post facto law is one which makes a particular act illegal, and punishes people who committed that crime before the law was passed, i.e., when the act was legal. (denied to state/national)

83. What are civil rights and civil liberties Civil rights – policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals. Examples Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples' physical and mental integrity, life and safety; protection from discrimination on grounds such as physical or mental disability, gender, religion, race, national origin, age, status as a member of the uniformed services, sexual orientation, or gender identity; and individual rights such as privacy, the freedoms of thought and conscience, speech and expression, religion, the press, and movement. Write down definition and examples that help you

84. Civil Liberties- the legal constitutional protections against government. Civil liberties include the freedom from slavery and forced labor, freedom from torture and death, the right to liberty and security, freedom of conscience, freedom of religion, freedom of expression, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and association, freedom of speech, the right to privacy, the right to due process, the right to a fair trial, the right to own property, the right to defend one's self, the right to bodily integrity, and the right to keep and bear arms What are civil rights and civil liberties Write down definition and examples that help you

85. What are civil rights and civil liberties They are “essentially” the same. Civil rights and civil liberties protect people’s rights we believe they should have. We all have them! If they ask for a difference Civil Rights: protection against others for discriminatory reasons Civil Liberties: Protection against the government for usually personal freedom reasons

86. Religion and the First Amendment Establishment clause- Clause in the First Amendment that states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. The Supreme Court has interpreted this to forbid governmental support to any or all religions. Free exercise clause- Clause in the First Amendment that states that Congress shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion.

87. Should you be able to… Go to church Worship any god or gods Believe any book’s message Sacrifice an animal Not work on Friday Marry multiple women Sacrifice a virgin anonymous voting, then discussion How can the government regulate that?

88. Term posters Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Equal Rights Amendment Affirmative Action De-facto Segregation De-jure Segregation Picture Definition Impact How it affects the states How it affects congress How it affects people Extended details Specifics of the term

89. Day 72 Libel and slander Work on term posters Present posters Libel - Written defamation of another person. For public officials and public figures, the constitutional tests designed to restrict libel actions are especially rigid. Slander- spoken defamation of another person.

90. Libel v. Slander Libel - Written defamation of another person. For public officials and public figures, the constitutional tests designed to restrict libel actions are especially rigid. Slander- spoken defamation of another person.

91. Is it libel, slander, or neither?? Crazy man yelling on the street that the president is a terrorist Chicago Tribune publishes an article stating that Justin Bieber kills dogs around his neighborhood Talking with your parents about how Donald Trump will “destroy America” Rachel Maddow saying that all Republicans hire illegal Mexican immigrants to raise their children and carry them around their houses FOX NEWS proving that everything Maddow said was slander

92. Day 73 Finish presentation Example FRQ

93. Day 75 Work on Civil rights study guide Bipartisanship- A policy that emphasizes a united front and cooperation between the major political parties, especially on sensitive foreign policy issues. Unilateralism - A philosophy that encourages individual nations to act on their own when facing threats from other nations.

94. Day 76 Go over study guide (you will turn it in) Answer 12 multiple choice questions together – Review on how to answer the M/C questions Pass out FRQ packet

95. Rest of the semester Monday 12/7: Civil rights “quiz” Get FRQ packet and final study guide Tuesday: Policy in a day Wednesday: Work on FRQ packet/ study guide Thursday: Work on FRQ packet/ study guide Friday: Constitution Test (work on study guide) turn in FRQ packet Monday: review for final REMINDER: turn in any missing work, turn in extra credit current event

96. Day 78 FRQ work Vocab work

97. Day 79 Study guides

98. Day 78 Vocab review for test #3 Primary election-An election held by the two political parties designed to choose the candidates that will run against the other party in the general elections. (ex. Republicans pick 1 Republican to run against the 1 candidate the Democrats picked) Caucus primary- A meeting of people, often in an auditorium or church basement, where they vote on who they would like their party's nominee to be.

99. Day 80 Work on study guides

100. Day 81 Tips for the test Work on study guides

101. Tips for the AP Exam There is only one correct answer in the M.C. – So pick the one that seems the most right Take your time. There is way more time than you need Fill in all bubbles (no penalty for guessing) The test readers have to read everything you write down If there is a difficult M.C. question, see if another question could help answer it

102. Multiple Choice Tips Write on the test/ cross of stuff and put your thoughts on the pages Understand the question first – Is it a definition – Is it partly opinion based – Is it an EXCEPT question – It is a roman numeral question – Find what do you need to know in the question Find what do you know Find what do you NOT know Find the logical answer options – Eliminate the options that do not make sense – Use the government clues (the things name tells you want it is) (Ex. Office of Management and Budget) – Make smart guesses by improving odds Come back to hard questions (plenty of time) – Use clues in the other questions to try and answer the hard ones Think positively of government – AP views the system as good, efficient, and correct – Pick answers that would please AP – Pick answers that you think AP would pick

103. General Definition Question The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an example of a.A regulatory agency b.An independent agency c.A government corporation d.A government department e.A federal board NEED TO KNOW: Definition of an independent agency Definition (or description) of NASA

104. “Best describes” Question Which of the following best describes gerrymandering? a.The party in power wins four or five surrounding districts by very small margins. b.The Supreme Court requires that state legislatures must adopt the doctrine of one person, one vote. c.The party in control of the state legislature draws district boundaries in such a way as to favor its own candidates in subsequent elections. d.By polling voters, party officials are able to determine how citizens will vote. e.The public decides which issues are most important and tells the elected officials how to vote on specific bills. NEED TO KNOW: Definition of Gerrymandering Understanding that the “best” was the most descriptive and accurate

105. Specific Questions (cases, bills, etc) The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (McCain-Feingold) did which of the following? a.It created interest groups known as 527s b.It made it illegal for unions to donate to presidential campaigns. c.It banned soft money donations to national parties. d.It banned candidates from running negative advertisements. e.It banned third-parties from federal funding. NEED TO KNOW: Definition of soft money McCain-Feingold Act OR HOW COULD WE GUESS TO THE BEST ODDS??

106. EXCEPT Question Enumerated powers of the federal government include all of the following EXCEPT the power to a.Coin money b.Declare war c.Regulate interstate commerce d.Regulate intrastate commerce e.Tax NEED TO KNOW: Definition of enumerated powers List of enumerated powers HOW TO GUESS – find the 2 that are opposites (one has to be the right response because it is an EXCEPT question)

107. Roman Numeral Question Under the Articles of Confederation, which of the following were true? I.Congress could not tax the states directly. II.The executive branch of government exercised more power than Congress. III.Congress was a unicameral body. IV.States were represented in Congress proportionally according to population. NEED TO KNOW:Answer without answer first Articles of confederation Compare options to how it is currently because ARTICLES WERE AWFUL and WRONG in EVERYWAY almost a.I and II b.I and III c.I and IV d.II and III e.II and IV

108. Can I guess the answer questions? YES! A prominent example of the process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is a.Immigration reform b.Trade reform c.Welfare reform d.Campaign finance reform e.National security reform HOW TO GUESS Look at the question – notice all the generalizations in this question Could make an argument for a couple of them BUT find the right one

109. General Info for Exam The free response section contains 4 questions and is 1 hour and 40 minutes long. When responding to free response questions, it is suggested that you take a few minutes to plan and outline each answer. Read the question carefully and answer clearly and completely. You are expected to follow the question directions and to provide the same number of examples, explanations, or selections (i.e., tasks) that the question requests. In addition, pay close attention to the task verbs in the question, for each directs you to complete a specific type of response. Use substantive examples where appropriate. Use complete sentences.

110. Be positive (The AP writers view our government as a generally positive institution) If the essay asks for 1 or 2 answers in the task – Give 3,4, 5 or 10 if you are unsure – You will not be punished for wrong content – Only awarded for right content Use complete sentences in the essays If you don’t remember something’s name then describe it (like the case that established judicial review = Marbury v. Madison) Tips for the AP Exam

111. AP Task Verbs Identify: provide a specific answer, which does not require causal explanation Define: provide a specific meaning for a word or concept Describe: show understanding of a particular concept or political phenomenon Explain: demonstrate understanding of how or why a relationship exists by clearly articulating the logical connection or causal pattern between or among various political phenomena Compare: provide an explicit statement which connects two or more concepts

112. Strategy 1.Label the question # at top of page you are working on 2.Read the whole question 3.Determine how many points there are 4.Determine what you need to do to receive the points 5.Break down the question into its parts 6.Label the sections 7.Answer in complete sentences 8.Double check when done that you have all of the points answered 9.Move on to next question

113. Tips COUNT YOUR POINTS! If you don’t know…keep writing. If it asks for 2 and you think you know maybe a few (write all 7-hopefully 2 are right) Don’t know the name of something? – Describe the case, bill, power of Congress, etc don’t – Use it – Use sentence fragments – Neglect to explain in detail (detail is good) – Worry about wrong information if the right info is present – Worry about spelling – Leave a question blank – Neglect to try to get a point

114. Example Question 4. Interest groups seek to influence political processes in ways that benefit their members. In doing so, however, they may not act in the overall public interest. (a) Describe two techniques interest groups use to influence elections. (b) Explain how interest groups use each of the following to influence government decision making. – Issue networks (also known as iron triangles) – Amicus curiae briefs (c) Explain how each of the following serves to limit interest group influence. – The media – Pluralism

115. A One point is earned for each correct description of a technique used by interest groups to influence elections. – Techniques include: campaign contributions candidate ratings endorsements 501(c)4 527 funneling volunteers to campaigns GOTV efforts independent expenditures issue ads PACs SUPER PACs providing information on issue and candidates Notes: Must describe a technique, not merely identify it. No double dipping on PACs and Super PACs. (a) Describe two techniques interest groups use to influence elections. 2 POINTS

116. B One point is earned for an acceptable explanation that demonstrates how interest groups use issue networks (iron triangles). One point is also earned for an acceptable explanation that demonstrates how interest groups use amicus briefs: – Interest groups participate in issue networks by providing money, information, and resources in hopes of obtaining political support from Congress, the bureaucracy, or the White House. – Interest groups use amicus briefs to inform the Court in hopes of influencing the acceptance of cases, Court reasoning, or decisions. (b) Explain how interest groups use each of the following to influence government decision making. Issue networks (also known as iron triangles) Amicus curiae briefs 2 POINTS

117. C One point is earned for a correct explanation of how the media acts to limit interest group influence. An additional point is earned for a correct explanation of how pluralism acts to limit interest group influence: – Media can act as a gatekeeper of information or a watchdog of interest group behavior. – Pluralism limits interest group influence because of the competition among a vast number of groups. (c) Explain how each of the following serves to limit interest group influence. The media Pluralism 2 POINTS

118. Day 82 AP Exam Jeopardy FINAL EXAM TOMORROW! 60 multiple choice questions (actual AP Exam) 2 FRQs – have to answer both 25% curve – 100 points for M/C – 50 points per FRQ – + 50 points