1. Atlanta Chapter April 12, 2016 Atlanta, Georgia Bruce D. Hunn, Ph.D Fellow, ASHRAE

2. ASHRAE is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

3. GBCI cannot guarantee that course sessions will be delivered to you as submitted to GBCI. However, any course found to be in violation of the standards of the program, or otherwise contrary to the mission of GBCI, shall be removed. Your course evaluations will help us uphold these standards. Course ID: 0090010881 Best Practice for Evaluating and Improving Commercial Building Performance Bruce D. Hunn, Ph.D. Approved for: x General CE hours x LEED-specific hours

4. Best Practice for Evaluating and Improving Commercial Building Performance This presentation describes the implementation procedures for the performance measurement protocols documented in the 2012 ASHRAE publication Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings: Best Practices Guide. This how-to guide provides practical steps and tools for continuously monitoring, evaluating, and improving the performance of commercial buildings throughout their service life. It supports integrated commissioning and all activities of the O&M team to ensure that their buildings are green, energy efficient, highly productive, and healthy. A process and tools are provided to quantitatively evaluate building performance at three levels of application. Course Description

5. Learning Objectives 1.Explain why the Best Practices Guide is needed to supplement the 2010 protocols 2.Describe the three-Level sequential process and how it is integrated with the Cx process 3.Identify the six performance categories in the three-level process and describe selected examples thereof 4.Apply the seven steps in the process to the six performance categories

6. Presentation Outline 1)Characteristics of 2010 performance measurement protocols 2)The need for Best Practices Guide 3)Best practices 3-Level sequential process for energy, water, IEQ 4)Relationship to commissioning 5)Examples of Basic Evaluation, Diagnostic Measurement, Advanced Analysis 6)Conclusions/Questions

7. The Challenge We need a standardized, consistent set of measurement protocols to Substantiate claims of performance to establish credibility Facilitate appropriate, rigorous, and reliable benchmarking of measured performance Assure that improved energy efficiency does not degrade building services (IEQ) Provide feedback to designers and building operators

8. The Challenge Is Met Two ASHRAE Publications are presented Part A: Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings (2010) – with CIBSE and USGBC Part B: Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings: Best Practices Guide (2012)

9. Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings Published as ASHRAE Special Publication, May 2010

10. Why is it measured? The objective What is to be measured and how is it to be measured? The metric Instrumentation Spatial resolution Temporal resolution What are the appropriate benchmarks? Performance Evaluation/Benchmarking

11. Energy Water IEQ Thermal Comfort IEQ Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) IEQ Lighting/Daylighting IEQ Acoustics Measure Categories

12. Levels of Performance Objectives Basic (indicative – low cost and simple) Annual, Whole Building Data Intermediate (diagnostic – medium cost and intermediate technical skill level) Monthly, Major System Data Advanced (investigative – Higher cost and accuracy, requiring experts to conduct) Weekly/Daily/Hourly, System or Equipment Operational Data

13. PMP Field Test Case Studies Texas A&M University Office building: 7 story, 11 516 m 2 Basic protocols applied for energy, water, IEQ (Intermediate/Advanced only for IEQ) Basic Level spot measurements may be unnecessary Dynamic effects made IEQ interpretation inconclusive Practical, procedure-oriented protocols needed Kresge Foundation Complex, Troy, Michigan Focus on CBE occupant surveys

14. Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings: Best Practices Guide Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings: Best Practices Guide Published as ASHRAE Special Publication, Jan. 2012 Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings: Best Practices Guide

15. Three-Level Sequential Process is integrated with Cx Process Basic Evaluation Observations of building characteristics Occupant perceptions Utility bills Diagnostic Measurement Physical measurements for diagnostics to identify how performance may be improved Advanced Analysis Results of first two levels, plus professional investigation to identify specific improvements

16. Seven-Step Procedure 1)Collect building characteristics 2)Performance observation, measurement, analysis 3)Performance comparison – benchmarking 4)Identify issues needing correction and take corrective action 5)Re-measure performance 6)Compare new to past performance 7)Report results

19. Advice for Commissioning TO THE COMMISSIONING TEAM During the implementation phase of the EBCx process the Cx team reviews and monitors the corrections and adjustments for improving the energy performance that were identified during Basic Evaluation, including monitoring of test and balance activities. The team will also monitor the re-measurement of performance and the comparison of new performance results to past performance results. Measurement and verification tasks are included in this performance measurement and re-measurement and are executed in the implementation phase activities.

20. Basic Evaluation Energy and Water Energy Energy bill use and cost analysis; no additional measurements Facility walk-through inspection (ASHRAE Level I audit) Water Utility meters verify performance Eliminate leaks and wasted usage Improve fixture efficiency, reduce landscape use

21. Case Study: ASHRAE HQ Building Atlanta, Georgia

22. Basic Evaluation ENERGY Annual Energy Use and Cost Whole Building – All Electric 12 Months Ending Site EUI (kBtu/ ft 2 -yr) Source EUI (kBtu/ ft 2 -yr) Site ECI ($/ft 2 -yr) Energy Star Rating Sept. 2006 77.1257.644 Sept. 2010 40.7 (47% savings) 136.11.3093 July 2014 37.2116.91.3889

24. Basic Evaluation WATER Annual Water Use Whole Building: Pre- and Post-Renovation Period Ending August 2007 (gal/person- day) Period Ending October 2010 (gal/person- day) DifferenceFEMP (2012) Benchmark for offices (gal/person -day) 15.15.067%15

25. Basic Evaluation - IEQ Surveys, observations, no physical measurements IEQ CategoryInspection Focus Thermal comfort  Fenestration  Space configuration and furnishings  HVAC systems IAQ  Ventilation  Moisture management  HVAC systems  Building envelope/pressurization  Dirt or contamination Lighting/daylighting  Quantity/quality of light  Glare  Controls  Lamps and ballasts  Maintenance Acoustics  Background noise  Noise intrusion  Acoustic privacy  Speech communication

26. Basic Evaluation THERMAL COMFORT Before Renovation After Renovation

27. Basic Evaluation THERMAL COMFORT Occupant Survey Results Pre-Renovation: 2005 Post-Renovation: 2010 18 % Satisfied 33% Satisfied

28. Basic Evaluation THERMAL COMFORT Occupant Survey Results Post-Renovation: 2010 Post-Renovation: 2013 33 % Satisfied 36% Satisfied

29. Basic Evaluation – ACOUSTICS ASHRAE HQ Building 40% Satisfied35% Satisfied Pre-Renovation 2005Post-Renovation 2010

30. Basic Evaluation – ACOUSTICS ASHRAE HQ Building How satisfied are you with sound privacy in your work space? Pre-Renovation: 2005 Post-Renovation: 2010

31. Diagnostic Measurement TO THE COMMISSIONING TEAM During the planning phase of existing building Cx, development of the expanded performance measurement plan should include the Cx team. Working with building management, the Cx team … may conduct or oversee these Diagnostic Measurement procedures. These measurements and associated analysis provide tools for ongoing operation, maintenance, and improvement.

32. Diagnostic Measurement ENERGY

33. Diagnostic Measurement ENERGY Thermal Image of Steam Trap in Office Building – Indicative of Proper Functioning

34. Diagnostic Measurement WATER

35. Diagnostic Measurement THERMAL COMFORT Temperature Gradients – Std 55 Compliance Head Height to Floor Level

36. Diagnostic Measurement IAQ Ventilation Rate Measurement – Std 62.1 Normal OccupancyMaximum OA Flow Measured OA (cfm) 4328 (43 cfm/person) 5862 BAS indicated (cfm) 39255938 Difference9.3%1.3%

37. Diagnostic Measurement LIGHTING Illuminance Measurements in Representative Spaces Measurements in foot-candles IESNA Benchmarks Conference Room = 30 Private Office = 50 Open Office = 30

38. Diagnostic Measurement LIGHTING Illuminance Measurements (fc) in Representative Spaces Conference Rooms 28-62 1 st Floor2 nd Floor Work Stn Exterior Work Stn Interior Enclosed Office Work Stn Exterior Work Stn Interior Enclosed Office North23-3216-2837 3450 South50-7328-451094121 East4648 West39

39. Advanced Analysis ENERGY Daily-Average Energy Use Pre- and Post Renovation

40. Advanced Analysis THERMAL COMFORT Extended Thermostat Dead Band Zones

41. Advanced Analysis INDOOR AIR QUALITY Continuous Measurement of CO 2 Education Center Conference Room

42. Advanced Analysis ACOUSTICS Sound Isolation

43. Conclusions Performance Measurement Protocols provide useable, standardized protocols for consistent evaluation of energy, water, IEQ Need clarification and further testing Best Practices Guide provides detailed, systematic, practical procedures to implement PMPs In context of Existing Building Cx Continuing guidance for energy and operating cost reduction throughout building life

44. Bruce D. Hunn, Ph.D. Fellow, ASHRAE hunnbuildingenergy@gmail.com