1. Efficiency Vermont is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

2. Learning Objectives At the end of this program, participants will be able to:   Understand the effectiveness of using a new technology refrigerant flow meter to optimize chiller operation   Understand how flow can be used to identify actual KW/ton energy use rather than relying on energy ratings that use ideal laboratory conditions   Select the proper Kw motor and current sensors for a wide range of system load.   Understand how a refrigerant flow meter is used to determine a refrigeration system's total operating tonnage.

3. Course Evaluations In order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, please access the evaluation for this course by logging into CES Discovery and clicking on the Course Evaluation link on the left side of the page.

4. Chiller Optimization Utilizing A Refrigerant Flow Meter

6. Checking Energy Usage - Chiller We need accurate measurements of the total power of the chiller.We need accurate measurements of the total power of the chiller. Allows for a direct measurement method Allows for a direct measurement method Accurate measurements of the total tons of work the machine is producing.Accurate measurements of the total tons of work the machine is producing. Fewer monitoring points than standard Fewer monitoring points than standard methods currently used

7. Standard Method to Determine Refrigeration Tons Amps Volts T1T1T1T1 P1P1P1P1 T3T3T3T3 P3P3P3P3 T2T2T2T2

8. Refrigerant Flow to Determine Refrigeration Tons Amps Volts T1T1T1T1 T3T3T3T3 GPM

11. Vaporization

12. Vaporization

13. Can be used in conjunction with a chilled water flow meter with temperature sensors to compare the efficiency of the chiller barrel itself. 1.Could be used as a preemptive method to schedule chiller maintenance. 2. Could save considerable maintenance costs by only scheduling tube cleaning when necessary.

17. Two ultrasonic transducers are positioned and angled as to transmit and receive sound pulses launched at a flat reflection point located on the opposing side of the pipe. The flight time of the sound pulse from one transducer to the other is shortened if the pulse is launched in the direction of flow and increased if launched opposite to the direction of flow. By alternating the transmitting and receiving transducers, the difference in these transit times can be used to calculate the velocity of the flow. ASIC (Application Specific IC ), which provides all the functions required to alternately transmit and receive sonic pulses and measure the transit times to picosecond accuracy. The ASIC implements the “Sing Around” method to launch and receive pulses, each received pulse initiating the next transmitted pulse. On any one measurement, a number of such cycles are used to accumulate the individual transit times which are then divided by the number of cycles to give an average of these measurements.

18. Metering Chiller Performance Example BTUH = 500 x GPM x  T /12,000 BTUH = 500 x 88.5 GPM x 4.5°F  T = 199,125 Tons = 199,125 BTUH / 12,000 BTUH = 16.59 Tons kW per ton = 1kW / 16.59 Tons =.0602 kW / Ton

19. US Patent Pending No. 11/562,805

21. Kw Usage with Mechanical Cooling System Head Pressures set from factory @ 225 PSIG

23. Kw Usage with Mechanical Cooling System Head Pressures adjusted to 125 PSIG “Floating the Head Pressure”

24. Reduced Pressure Readings

25. Kw Usage with Hybrid Free Cooling

27. Date/TimeVelocity (ft/s) Flow (gpm) Mass flow (lb/m) 1/24/2006 19:00:334.291503.786ID (in) 1/24/2006 19:02:344.281500.078179area (sq.ft) 1/24/2006 19:04:334.231487.480519gal/cu.ft. 1/24/2006 19:06:344.21148 1/24/2006 19:08:334.22148 1/24/2006 19:10:334.21148 1/24/2006 19:12:334.22148 1/24/2006 19:14:344.27150 1/24/2006 19:16:344.28150 1/24/2006 19:18:364.28150 1/24/2006 19:20:334.29150 1/24/2006 19:22:334.28150 1/24/2006 19:24:344.26150 1/24/2006 19:26:334.22148 1/24/2006 19:28:354.20147 1/24/2006 19:30:334.20148 1/24/2006 19:32:344.21148 1/24/2006 19:34:344.22148 1/24/2006 19:36:344.20147 Ultrasonic Water Flow Measurements – Efficiency Vermont

28. Questions