3.  Some women get swollen and sore gums, which may bleed, in pregnancy. Bleeding gums are caused by a build-up of plaque on the teeth. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can make gums more vulnerable to plaque, leading to inflammation and bleeding. This is also called pregnancy gingivitis or gum disease.gum disease

4.  Sometimes a large lump with deep red pinpoint markings on it forms on inflamed gum tissue, usually near the upper gum line. The red lump glistens, may bleed and crust over, and can make eating and speaking difficult and cause discomfort. These growths are called pregnancy tumors and can occur at any time during the course of pregnancy, although they usually occur during the second trimester.second trimester  The tumors occur in up to 10% of pregnant women and often in women who also have pregnancy gingivitis.  Pregnancy tumors are also known by several other names, including pyogenic granuloma, granuloma of pregnancy, lobular capillary hemangioma, and pregnancy epulides.pyogenic granuloma

11.  Clean teeth carefully twice a day for two minutes –  Brushing is best with a small-headed toothbrush with soft filaments – make sure it's comfortable to hold.  flossing once daily  Avoid having sugary drinks (such as fizzy drinks or sweet tea) and sugary foods too often – try to keep them to meal times.  snack on vegetables and avoid sugary or acidic foods (get tips on healthy snacks). healthy snacks  Avoid mouthwashes that contain alcohol.  If you have diabetes, keep blood sugar levels under control, and go to a dentist regularly for checkups. Gingivitis and gum disease are more common in people with diabetes.diabetes  Stop smoking, as it can make gum disease worse.

12.  Research suggests a link between pre-term delivery, low birth weight babies, and gingivitis.  Excessive bacteria can enter the bloodstream through gums; the bacteria can travel to the uterus, triggering the production of chemicals called prostaglandins, which are suspected to induce premature labor.  American Academy of Periodontists, also reports that a study implies a possible relationship between periodontal disease and development of preeclampsia, a dangerous disorder affecting five to eight percent of pregnancies.American Academy of Periodontists

13.  Babies who are born prematurely may risk a range of health conditions including cerebral palsy and problems with eyesight and hearing. Estimates suggest that up to 18 out of every 100 premature births may be triggered by periodontal disease, which is a chronic infection of the gums. Appropriate dental treatment for the expectant mother may reduce the risk of premature birth.

14.  for some women, morning sickness is a major symptom of pregnancy.  Along with the nausea comes additional acid that, if left in mouth, can erode teeth.  Prevention of enamel erosion:  rinse mouth out with water or with a fluoride mouthwash to keep the acid level under control.  Do not brush teeth straight away as they will be softened by the acid from stomach. Wait about an hour before doing so.

15.  According to the American Dental Association, the hormone shifts that take place during pregnancy can lead to a lack of saliva, also know as xerostomia.American Dental Association  it can affect oral health, Without enough of saliva to wash away debris and to control bacteria in mouth, teeth and gums are more susceptible to plaque buildup and cavities.  Relieving Dryness  The easiest way to relieve dry mouth during pregnancy is to increase fluid intake.  Sucking on candy or chewing gum free sugar can help stimulate saliva flow.

17.  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration classifies many prescription drugs at different levels of risk to the fetus. There are five categories: A, B, C, D and X. Pregnancy Category A drugs are the safest. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and penicillin are in this category. Pregnancy Category X drugs are known to be harmful to the fetus.

18.  Advances in technology have made dental X-rays much safer. Digital X-rays use much less radiation than older systems that use dental film. Studies have shown that using a lead apron will protect fetus from radiation by shielding abdomen and thyroid. X-rays usually are taken in the first trimester only if they are needed for diagnosis or treatment that cannot wait until after the baby is born. After the first trimester, there is even less chance of any negative results from an X-ray.

19. 1. Clean teeth carefully twice a day for two minutes Use fluoride toothpaste. 2. Floss at least once a day. 3. Using an antibacterial mouthwash can help destroy bacteria that contribute to gingivitis. Mouth rinses that lower the acid level of mouth are also suggested

20. 4.Avoid sugary snacks. Sweet cravings are common during pregnancy. However, keep in mind that the more frequently snack, the greater the chance of developing tooth decay.tooth 5.Eat a healthy, balanced diet. Baby's first teeth begin to develop about three months into pregnancy. Healthy diets containing dairy products, cheese, and yogurt are a good source of these essential minerals and are good for baby's develop in.Healthy diets

24.  Oral health education: The perinatal period (the period around the time of birth, beginning with the completion of the 20th through 28th week of gestation and ending one to four weeks after birth) is an opportune time to educate and perform dental treatment on expectant mothers. Pregnancy offers an opportunity to educate women regarding oral health by providing a “teachable moment” in self- care and future child-care.  Early intervention and counseling during the perinatal period from all health care providers (eg, physicians, dentists, nurses) are essential to ensure good oral health for the mother and infant.