1. Happy Tuesday! Bellwork: Pick you answer and write 4 key words from the BOX. Surtsey is an island located south of Iceland. The island was formed by a volcanic eruption and first appeared in 1963. The table below contains descriptions of changes in the population and diversity of species on Surtsey. Which of these lists the descriptions in the correct order of ecological succession on Surtsey? F I, II, IV, III G III, I, II, IV H IV, III, I II J II, IV, I, III SMALL GROUP CHAMPS SMALL GROUP CHAMPS F4 computer F4 computer

2. Unit 11 – Ecology Definitions Due Monday (4/11/16) All Parts Due Thursday (4/14/16) 1.Abiotic Factor 2.Biodiversity 3.Biome 4.Biosphere 5.Biotic Factor 6.Carbon Cycle 7.Carrying Capacity 8.Climax Community 9.Commensalism 10.Community 11.Competition 12.Consumers 13.Decomposers 14.Denitrification 15.Detrivore 16.Ecological Pyramid 17.Ecosystem 18.Food Chain 19.Food Web 20.Host 21.Limiting Factor 22.Mutualism 23.Natural Disaster 24.Nitrification 25.Nitrogen Cycle 26.Nitrogen Fixation 27.Organism 28.Parasite 29.Parasitism 30.Pioneer Species 31.Population 32.Predator 33.Prey 34.Primary Consumer 35.Primary Succession 36.Producer 37.Scavenger 38.Secondary Consumer 39.Secondary Succession 40.Symbiosis 41.Tertiary Consumer 42.Trophic Level

3. Collect Today Page 133 - Succession Foldable Assigned Ecology Vocabulary Quiz (Tomorrow) Page 127 - Vocabulary ALL PARTS (Thursday) Ecology Unit Exam (Friday) Page 127 - Vocabulary Pictures (Friday) Late Page 128 - Ecology Poster (-50%) Page 131 – Ecological Relationships (-30%) Page 132 – Ecological Relationships Activity (-30%) Notecard Sticker Sheets (-10 points)

4. Essential Question How do ecosystems develop and change over time? Standard B.11D - Describe how events and processes that occur during ecological succession can change populations and species diversity.

5. Mount Saint Helens

6. What is succession? Succession is when one thing follows another in a particular sequence. Ecological succession: when ecosystems go through a series of predictable changes after a disturbance

7. The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called ecological succession.

8. Succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists is called primary succession.

9. Primary = First = 1 = Back to Square 1

10. Two geological events that could lead to primary succession are volcanic eruptions and the melting of glaciers.

11. The first species to populate a new area are called pioneer species.

12. Pioneer species prepare an ecosystem for new species by helping to form soil in which plants can grow.

13. Secondary succession follows when a disturbance of some kind changes an existing community without removing the soil.

14. Secondary succession might be caused by wildfires, hurricanes, or tornados.

15. Succession affects organism populations in two ways: DENSITY: The total number of organisms living in a particular area DIVERSITY: The number of different species living in a particular area (also called biodiversity) more diverse ecosystems are healthier As succession proceeds, both density and BIOdiversity will increase.

16. A climax community is a mature, stable community that does not undergo further succession.

17. Succession Foldable Page 133

18. Plant and animal life returns to an area in a predictable order after a natural disaster: 1.FIRST (primary succession): a)pioneer species (lichens) grow on the exposed rock b)no animal life exists 2.SECOND (secondary succession): a)small plants like grasses replace pioneer species as soil begins to develop b)small plant-eating animals return to the area 3.THIRD (secondary succession): a)medium-sized plants like shrubs return as the soil becomes richer b)larger plant-eaters and small meat-eaters return 4.FOURTH (secondary succession): a)large plants like trees return as the soil become nutrient-rich b)large meat-eating animals return Page 133

19. Essential Question How is matter cycled through ecosystems? Standard B.12E - Describe the flow of matter through the carbon and nitrogen cycles and explain the consequences of disrupting these cycles.

20. Cole and the Carbon Cycle

21. More than 95 percent of the human body is made up of these 4 elements: Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen

22. Unlike the one-way flow of energy, matter is recycled within and between ecosystems.

23. All living things require water to survive.

24. The process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas is called evaporation.

25. The process through which water enters the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves of plants is transpiration.

26. Clouds form through the following process: The sun heats the atmosphere. As the warm, moist air rises, it cools. The water vapor condenses into tiny droplets forming clouds.

27. Water returns to the Earth in the form of precipitation.

28. Rivers and streams carry runoff back to an ocean or lake.

30. Every organism needs nutrients to build tissues and carry out essential life functions.

31. Through the process of photosynthesis plants use carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates. DRAW THIS!!!

32. The 4 main processes that move carbon through its cycle are: Biological processes Geochemical processes Mixed biogeochemical processes Human activities

33. Processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition that take up and release carbon and oxygen are called biological processes.

34. Processes such as erosion and volcanic activity that release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and oceans are called geochemical processes.

35. Mixed biochemical processes store carbon underground as fossil fuels.

36. Mining, the cutting and burning of forests, and the burning of fossil fuels are human activities that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

37. Carbon is present in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas.

38. Nitrogen Cycle DRAW THIS!!!

39. All organisms need Nitrogen to make amino acids.

40. Amino acids are used to build proteins.

41. 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is composed of Nitrogen gas (N 2 ).

42. These three nitrogen-containing substances are found in the wastes produced by many organisms and in dead or decaying organic matter: Ammonia (NH 3 ) Nitrate ions (NO 3 - ) Nitrite ions (NO 2 - )

43. Human activity adds nitrogen to the biosphere in the form of nitrate which is a major component of plant fertilizers.

44. Some bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia in a process known as nitrogen fixation.

45. Producers use nitrates and nitrites to make proteins.

46. Nitrogen Cycle Recap: Fertilizers Animal wastes Decomposition Removes Nitrogen from soil: Nitrogen- fixing bacteria (on plant roots and in soil) Plants take in and animals ingest the plants Changes the form of Nitrogen: Nitrification Denitrification Adds Nitrogen to soil:

47. When plants absorb phosphate from the soil or from water, the plants bind the phosphate into organic compounds. DRAW THIS !!!

48. Animals consume the plants to obtain the phosphates. is essential to living organisms because it forms part of DNA and RNA.