1. GIS Modeling & Analysis

2. GIS, new science? GIS is a science that is as old as intelligence. Every living thing operates on the sense of understanding the surrounding environment and how to survive it. The Brain is a GIS How weather patterns operate also proves that Nature is a GIS

3. Examples of Applied GIS Urban Planning, Management & Policy –Zoning, subdivision planning –Land acquisition –Economic development –Code enforcement –Housing renovation programs –Emergency response –Crime analysis Environmental Sciences –Monitoring environmental risk –Modeling stormwater runoff –Management of water resources –Environmental Impact Analysis –Hazardous or toxic facility siting –Groundwater modeling and contamination tracking Political Science –Redistricting –Predictive modeling Civil Engineering/Utility –Locating underground facilities –Designing alignment for freeways, transit –Coordination of infrastructure maintenance Business –Demographic Analysis –Market Penetration/ Share Analysis –Site Selection Education Administration – Attendance Area Maintenance – Enrollment Projections – School Bus Routing Real Estate –Neighborhood land prices –Traffic Impact Analysis –Determination of Highest and Best Use Health Care –Epidemiology – Needs Analysis – Service Inventory

4. GIS & Planning A villa cannot be built among highrises. For every geo-concentration of population, a hospital is needed, a school, a mosque, a police station, a civil defence station, etc.

5. What do you need for GIS Analysis? What needs to be accomplished? What data is needed? What criteria should be used for analysis? NOTE: Garbage IN → Garbage OUT

6. GIS Data Model

7. The MOST Important in GIS DATA –Your system will always be as good as your data. –You might have the best tools, the best model, and the best analysis, but if your data is not good, you might end up deciding to build a school in a sea, which does not even exist.

8. Importance of Accurate Data on a Map

9. Who Needs to Analyse in GIS? Do NOT hire a GIS Specialist –There is NO such thing The Planners, Engineers, Clerks, etc are the ones that need to do GIS Analysis, just like they need to use CAD or MS Word. You do NOT hire a Computer Specialist for that either.

10. Steps Towards GIS Data Analysis Plan –What? Model –How? Analyse –Apply Evaluate –Which? Result –Done!

11. PLAN What needs to be done? –Define what you need to achieve What information is necessary to do it? –Identify the data you need

12. MODEL How to reach our goal? –Characterize the methodology to achieve your goal. How to develop the procedure? –Create the logical (mathematical) process for your analysis.

13. ANALYSE Apply your model –Analyse the data to reach your goal

14. EVALUATE Which alternative is best? –Perform a study to confirm your analysis –If your analysis results in the goal you planned to achieve, then the process ends.

15. RESULT Your results can be applied in your decision-making strategies.

16. Example: PLAN Simple Analysis Re-development of CBD. Is it feasible to change one way roads to two ways in CBD Area?

17. Example: PLAN Studying the expansion of One-Way Roads in CBD Area –Re-development of CBD Area CBD Zoning Data –How many buildings are in CBD Area? Building Data –What are the One Way roads in CBD Area? Roads Data –Which one way roads are within 3m of a building?

18. Example: MODEL Open zoning data. Overlay buildings data over zoning. Select CBD zoning area. Extract buildings over CBD zoning area. Find the number of buildings in CBD zoning area. Buffer roads to 3m. How many buildings will be affected if one way roads need to be widened to two-way?

19. Example: ANALYSE Zoning Data

20. Example: ANALYSE Label Zones

21. Example: ANALYSE Overlay Buildings

22. Example: ANALYSE Select CBD Zoning Area

23. Example: ANALYSE Extract Buildings from CBD Zoning Area – 5570 Buildings in CBD

24. Example: ANALYSE One Way Roads within 3m of buildings CBD – 312 Buildings Affected

25. Example: EVALUATE If there are other alternatives for this project, then each alternative should be analysed for a more informed decision to be made. Since there are no other alternatives available for this project, the outcome of this analysis will dominate the decision- making.

26. Example: RESULT 312 buildings will be affected. Therefore, the cost of this project is much greater than its benefit. Therefore, a decision is made against this project.