1. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana1 Wood combustion Latest EF and methodology used in France to estimate PM emissions Deflorenne Emmanuel, Allemand Nadine, Chang Jean-Pierre

2. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana2 Methodology (non-industrial combustion plant) EMEP/EEA Guidebook (2009) : Tier 1 : a method using statistical data on the intensity of processes and default emission factors (An emission factor per type of fuel). Tier 2 : similar to Tier 1 but uses more specific emission factors and specific process conditions (An emission factor per type of fuel and type of appliance or equipment). Tier 3 : any method that goes beyond the above methods (national emission factors, fleet of appliances…)

3. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana3 Domestic wood combustion Application of the tier 3 method in France (1) Wood appliances taken in account : Open fireplaces Closed fireplaces Stoves Cooker (EF assimilated with stoves) Boilers For each type of domestic appliances, 3 kinds of technology are considered with different EF and energy efficiency: Old appliances (built before 1996) Recent appliances (built after 1996) Modern appliances (high performances)

4. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana4 An energy efficiency associated to each combination of appliance and technology : Domestic wood combustion Application of the tier 3 method in France (2)

5. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana5 Domestic PM emission factors One TSP EF for each combination of appliances and technologies TSP EFs are mainly based on GAINS model and EGTEI. Factors were confirmed by different studies carried out in France.

6. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana6 Domestic PM emission factors Comparison with EMEP/EEA GB EF EF used for France : EF from the Guidebook EMEP/EEA for TSP, in domestic wood combustion : Difficulties to compare because of the different splits. But EFs seem to be similar (even if EFs given by EMEP/EEA GB are generally higher).

7. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana7 Domestic Wood Combustion Fleet of appliances To apply these different emission factors, a fleet of appliances has been determined as well as, the biomass consumption in each different types of appliances. The number of the different appliances in use in France is provided on a regular basis (each 5 years) by CEREN. Composition of the fleet of appliances carried out, takes into account the lifetime of appliances and the number of new appliances sold each year. Rates between modern and recent appliances sold each year are determined according to expert opinions.

8. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana8 Domestic wood consumption National wood consumption in domestic appliances is known from energy statistics but globally (no distinction of appliances and technologies) Wood consumptions of each combination of appliances/technologies are estimated with : average annual consumption per appliance (without technology split) energy efficiencies per appliance/technology

9. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana9 Domestic Wood Combustion Fleet structure as energy (OMINEA report edition Feb. 2010, http://www.citepa.org)

10. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana10 Wood combustion equipment [50 kW to 50 MW] Up to now low consumption of wood. Single emission factor is used for the entire range of power. No distinction between the size of equipments: TSP: 100 g/GJ Value is based on monitoring results carried out on 47 installations in France*. Installations are equipped with cyclone, electro filter or fabric filters. TSP emissions of this type of equipment are not very important in comparison with TSP emissions of domestic appliances. *« Estimation des émissions de polluants liées à la combustion du bois en France » (Emissions Estimation of pollutants of wood combustion in France), CITEPA, March 2003.

11. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana11 Comparison with EMEP/EEA EF Wood combustion equipment [50 kW to 50 MW]

12. TFEIP/TFMM Workshop, 12 May 2010, Larcana12 Future improvement scheduled for the French inventory Use of more specific emission factors for combustion equipment (50 kW to 50 MW) equipped or not of reduction technique according to the size of installations (fleet split according to the power range and level of reduction technique). Taking in account pellet appliances in new appliances (pellets consumption and pellet appliance fleet).