1. Sec. II.WWII. (Ch. 11)

2. A.“Peace in Our Time.” 1.‘Anschluss - Reuniting Hitler’s native Austria w/ Germany. 1.‘Anschluss’ - Reuniting Hitler’s native Austria w/ Germany.  The new gov’t quickly invited German troops to enter Austria and “help” in reinforcing law and order.  The next day, after his triumphant return to Austria, he annexed Austria to Germ.  Threatening Austria with invasion, Hitler forced the Austria’s chancellor to put Austrian Nazi’s in charge of the gov’t (Mar 13, 1938). The Nazis vote for Anschluss

3. 2.Munich Conference (1938) – Meeting w/ UK, Fr, Germ, & Italy re: Sudetenland. a)Appeasement – Agreeing to Hitler’s demands.  Hitler given the Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia). (Czechoslovakia).  Br prime minister Neville Chamberlain boasted “peace for our time.”

4.  Sudetenland (northwest Czechoslovakia with large population of Germans) Hitler demanded that Germany be given Sudetenland.  Hitler expressed willingness to risk “world war” to achieve objectives.  Reps did not object to plans and agreed to nearly all of Hitler’s demands.  Br prime minister Neville Chamberlain boasted “peace for our time.”  Slovakia became a puppet state controlled by Nazi Germany.  Hitler wanted the Polish port of Danzig (he didn’t think West would fight for Poland).

5. 3.Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact – Germ & USSR agree not to attack each other. a) Germ invades Poland (Sep 1, ‘39). b) UK & Fr declare war.  Hitler promised Stalin the western part of Poland and the Baltic states.  Pact shocked world – gave Hitler the freedom to attack Poland  UK & France declare war on Germany two days later.

7. B.WWII Begins. 1.German Blitzkrieg – “lightening war.”  Used armored columns, called panzer divisions, supported by airplanes.  Poland invaded & surrendered in 4-weeks.  Poland divided between Germ and Soviet Union on Sep 28, 1939.

8.  Europe is shocked at the speed and efficiency of attack on Poland.  Waited through the winter “phony war.”  Denmark and Norway (started Apr 9, 1940).  Netherlands, Belgium, and France (started May 10, 1940). “England (English), look what you have done!” A NAZI poster, printed for Poland, attempting to shift the blame for the German invasion of Poland onto England.

9. C.UK Defiance. 1.Winston Churchill – Prime Minister in ‘40.  Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as British Prime Minister, two months before Battle of Britain; wartime leader.  Churchill named Time magazines “Man of the Half Century” in 1950. “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, in the fields, in the streets, and in the hills. We shall never surrender.” -- Winston Churchill

10. 2.Battle of Britain (July-Oct, ‘40) – Hitler needed control of the air to invade UK.  Germany’s Herman Goering – supported night bombings due to safety.  German fighter: Messerschmitt ME-109 only had 20 minutes over Eng.  German bomber: Henkle.

11. a)Germ planes bombed UK air & naval bases, harbors, comms, & factories.  During Spanish Civil War, massive bombings (Guernica) w/ German help.  Start of WWII, both sides restricted bombing cities.  Warsaw vowing to fight to last man made it a military target – 10 days of bombing.  Rotterdam, Netherlands bombed by Germ after surrender(pilots didn’t get message).  British had effective radar system for early warnings; navigation problems at night.  Germ bomber accidentally hit city of London, so Br bombed Berlin for 3 nights – not much damage, but blow to German morale & security (Br could reach Berlin).

12.  The Blitz - (In retaliation) Hitler began massive bombings of London and other British cities to crush morale (bombed every night but 1 for two months).  Public shelters set-up in the subway tunnels; at height, 1out of 7 Londoners slept in a shelter; 2 million children evacuated to the countryside.  Meanwhile, the Br military was able to rebuild their air strength and inflicted heavy losses on the Luftwaffe bombers.  At the end of Sep, Hitler postponed invasion of Br indefinitely.

13. Isolationism = 70-80% of Americans want to stay isolated. Because of Isolationism, US military reduced in size and strength after WWI. Neutrality Act of 1939 passed by the U.S. Congress. During 1940 presidential campaign, FDR promises that “your boys will not go to war.”